the national assembly 1789. from august 1788 to may 1789 third estate increasingly aware of its...
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The National Assembly
1789
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From August 1788 to May 1789
• Third Estate increasingly aware of its importance
• An ambiguous voting system mixing progressive changes and traditional rules
• What the Third Estate demands: deliberation in common and voting by head
• What they get: doubling of their deputies but vote by order
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Publication in January 1789 of Sieyès’ pamphlet Qu’est-ce que le Tiers Etat?
Le plan de cet écrit est assez simple. Nous avons trois questions à nous faire.1° Qu’est-ce que le Tiers état? — TOUT.2° Qu’a-t-il été jusqu’à présent dans l’ordre politique? — RIEN.3° Que demande-t-il? — À ÊTRE QUELQUE CHOSE.On va voir si les réponses sont justes. Jusque-là, ce serait à tort qu’on taxerait d’exagération des vérités dont on n’a pas encore vu les preuves. Nous examinerons ensuite les moyens que l’on a essayés, et ceux que l’on doit prendre, afin que le Tiers état devienne, en effet, quelque chose. Ainsi nous dirons :4° Ce que les ministres ont tenté, et ce que les privilégiés eux-mêmesproposent en sa faveur.5° Ce qu’on aurait dû faire.6° Enfin, ce qui reste à faire au Tiers pour prendre la place qui lui est due.
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The actual meeting
• Old ceremonial form maintained• Disappointing speeches• Voting procedure not mentioned• After a year of expectation, a sense of
deflation
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• The Third Estate refuses to act whilst separate from the 2 other orders
• 17 June 1789: National Assembly• 20 June: Tennis Court Oath• 23 June: decisions of the Assembly declared
null and void, Estates ordered to separate• 27 June: Louis backs down, National
Constituent Assembly
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In Paris
• 26 June & 1 July: troops surrounding Paris and Versailles
• Necker dismissed• Electors set themselves up as an unofficial
municipal authority and create a militia• Search for gunpowder• 15 July: Louis XVI capitulates• 16 July: triumphant welcome in Paris
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In the countryside
• Rumours spread in the provinces• Grande Peur• Rumours of aristocrats paying brigands to
steal crops• Peasants attack castles and destroy manorial
rolls
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In the National Assembly
• 4 August 1789: feudalism swept away• 26 August: Declaration of the rights of man• 1 October: King calls his Flanders regiment for
protection, feast causes outrage• 5 October: Women march on Versailles and
bring back the king to Paris• 6 October: king sanctions the rights of man
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