The Nano WorldThe Nano World

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Preface

� Nano is the cool thing and it’s the buzzword

� Like space travel and the Internet before it, the possibilities of the nano world catches the imagination of school children and scientists alike.

� Investors and policy makers have a lot of interest of the possibilities at the nanoscale.

� New technology usually means new products and new ways to back a profitable product.

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Nature did it first -A cell is a warehouse of nanoscale machines that function in a highly controlled manner

Biology is naturally Nano –(a) mimic biological structure,(b) natural interface between materials/biology,

Biology can teach the physical world of electronics, materials science, computing and manufacturing

There exists biological analogues of conventional functional devices

We have the tools to do it

The First Nanotechnologist

A Epithelial Cell. Source - Wikipedia

Nanotechnology

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Scanning tunneling microscope - 1981Writing using STM – Don Eigler (1989)

� The art and science of building stuff that does stuff at the nanometer scale – Richard Smalley (Nobel Prize, Chemistry 1996)

� Nanotechnology is ability to work at atomic and molecular levels, in the length scale of about 1 nm to about 100 nm, in order to understand, create and use materials, device and systems with fundamentally new properties and functions because of their small structure

Moving Atom by Atom

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What is small?

� What is considered small in science has depended on what we can see

1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

TEMSEM

Sources: Nikon, Zeiss, Wikipedia, IBM

He Ion Microscope

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Milliscale – Microscale – Nanoscale

Source: NNI

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Nanotechnology in History and Art

M. Brady 1864 Photography based on formation of silver

nanoparticles

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Stained Glass The Nativity, Cathedral at Chartres

Ruby Reds from Gold Chloride nanoparticles, Yellow from Silver Nitrate

Lycurgus Cup – British Museum (4th Century AD) – Dichroic glass containing gold and

silver nanoparticles.

Richard Feynman “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” 1959

N. Taniguchi"On the Basic Concept of

'Nano-Technology'," Proc. Intl. Conf. Prod.

Eng. Tokyo, Part II, Japan Society of Precision Engineering, 1974.

D. Eigler & E. SchweizerAtomic manipulation of Xe atoms

on Ni with AFM 1990

G. Moore Postulates “Moore’s Law 1965

Sub 100 nm design rules

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The question?

Is nanotechnology the gateway to the future?

Where will your imagination take you?

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What makes Nano Special

Super small things like atoms behave differently than the same stuff behaves when it’s bigger

Source: Nanotechnology Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020, Springer, Boston and Berlin, 2010

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Source: Nanotechnology Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020, Springer, Boston and Berlin, 2010

Water running uphill

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At the Nanoscale: Size Really Does Matter

� Physical properties of all materials change when size (and shape) shrink to the nanometer scale

� Cadmium selenide nanoparticles fluorescing at different colors.

Source: Nanotechnology Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020, Springer, Boston and Berlin, 2010

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Source: Nanotechnology Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020, Springer, Boston and Berlin, 2010

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Source: Nanotechnology Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020, Springer, Boston and Berlin, 2010

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Nanofabrication

� Top-down: Chisel away material to make nanoscale objects

� Bottom-up: Assemble nanoscale objects out of even smaller units (e.g., atoms and molecules)

� Ultimate Goal: Dial in the properties that you want by designing and building at the scale of nature (i.e., the nanoscale)

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Source: Nanotechnology Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020, Springer, Boston and Berlin, 2010

11/18/2012 17 Source: Nanotechnology Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020, Springer, Boston and Berlin, 2010

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Source: Nanotechnology Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020, Springer, Boston and Berlin, 2010

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Nanoscale Materials

Nanoscale materials have feature size less than 100 nm – utilized in nanoscale structures, devices and systems

Nanoparticles and Structures

Silver nanoparticles – Northwestern Univ., 2002

A stadium shaped “quantum corral” made by positioning iron atoms on a copper surface – IBM Corp., 1993.

A 3-dimensional nanostructure grown by controlled nucleation of Silicon-carbide nanowires on Gallium catalyst particles – Univ. of Cambridge, 2007

Gold nanoparticles – TU Dresden/ESRF, 2008

Source: Nanotechnology Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020, Springer, Boston and Berlin, 2010

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Zero-dimensional Nanostructures

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One-dimensional Nanostructures

Vision for Nanomedicine

11/18/2012 22Source: Nanotechnology Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020, Springer, Boston and Berlin, 2010

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Nanotechnology Environmental, Health and Safety

Human and the environment come under exposure to nanomaterials at different stages of the product cycle

Source: Nanotechnology Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020, Springer, Boston and Berlin, 2010

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Summary

� Nanotechnology is inherently an interdisciplinary field that encompasses physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering.

� Recent years (and months) have seen significant scientific and technological advances in nanotechnology.

� The federal government and industry are investing heavily in nanotechnology research and development.

� Many future developments and technologies have been promised – are they realizable?

� Thank You for your attention

Where are the Career Areas?

� In areas as diverse as � designing medical diagnostic devices to

� building better batteries,

� from creating cosmetics to

� enhancing energy efficient windows,

� from auto and plane manufacturing to

� researching the nature of matter itself, knowledge of nanoscale science and technology will be increasingly important during upcoming years and decades.

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Source: NNIN educational protal

Career opportunities, exist in areas

� Electronics/semiconductor industry

� Materials science including textiles, polymers, packaging, among other

� Auto and aerospace industries

� Sports equipment

� Pharmaceuticals including drug delivery, cosmetics, among others

� Biotechnology

� Medical fields

� Optoelectronics

� Environmental monitoring and control

� Food science including quality control and packaging

� Forensics

� University and federal lab research

� National security

� Military

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Source: NNIN educational portal

What Education is Needed and in Which Fields?

� Nanoscale phenomena underlie many of the properties and interactions of matter, and thus the sciences of physics, chemistry, and biology

� Potential fields of study include:� Biology

� Chemistry

� Physics

� Environmental Science

� Agricultural Science

� Engineering

� Medicine

� Forensic Science

� Business and Law

� Ethics11/18/2012 27

Source: NNIN educational portal

Nanotechnology School Activity Resources

� http://www.nano.gov/education-training/center/teacher-resources

� http://www.nnin.org/nnin_edu.html� http://www.nnin.org/doc/NNIN_Outreach_Demo_Gui

de-11_10.pdf

� http://www.community.nsee.us/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&id=4&Itemid=234

� http://nanozone.org/sitemap.html� http://www.nisenet.org/community/k-12-

teachers� http://www.cneu.psu.edu/default.htm� http://www.powerofsmall.org/� http://vimeo.com/12032392

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