The Nairobi Water Fund in the Upper Tana Basin of Kenya

Fred Kizito

f.kizito@cigar.org

25 July 2015 Cali, Colombia APR 2015

The Upper Tana: Nairobi Water Fund Kenya

Donors- WLE,

UNDP- GEF, SIDA- ACT!,

IFAD, UNEP, GIZ, TNC

PRIVATE ENTITIES

Corporates- EABL, Coca- Cola, Nairobi

Water Round Table

Research- Research- Future Water,

Natural Capital Project,

WLE and CIAT

Partners

The Upper Tana Basin of Kenya

The Upper Tana Basin of Kenya

From Ecosystems to Value

Biophysical Social

Supply

Service

Benefit

Ecosystem

Structure

Human locations &

Activities

Social

preferences

Production

Function

Ecosystem services as a pillar

IMPACT - ECOSYSTEM SERVICES, LIVELIHOOD NEEDS

Good quality water, adequate supply of clean water, lowering the costs to treat and distribute water through

protection of valuable farmland upstream

2011/12:Scoping, Feasibility Scoping survey across Africa, feasibility study and

stakeholder surveys

2012: Networking (Partnerships) - Private sector

-Farming communities - Government buy-in

-- Research entities (CIAT, NatCap & Future Water)

2012/13: Proof of Concept - Designing of demonstration projects

-Work Plan implementation – 5 year plan -Continued outreach and fundraising

Milestones towards impact

2014/15: Registration, Launch, Research - As charitable trust: launched 03/2015 -Mapping prioritization and Modeling

2013:Targeting -Identified priority landscape areas with an ecosystem

based approach -Incentive mechanisms identified

The 5 year span

City of Nairobi

N’gethu Treatment Works

Nairobi Water Supply Catchment

Ndakaini Dam

7

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

Jan

-09

Ap

r-0

9

Jul-

09

Oct

-09

Jan

-10

Ap

r-1

0

Jul-

10

Oct

-10

Jan

-11

Ap

r-1

1

Jul-

11

Oct

-11

Jan

-12

Ap

r-1

2

Jul-

12

Oct

-12

Jan

-13

Ap

r-1

3

Jul-

13

Oct

-13

Jan

-14

Ap

r-1

4

Turb

idit

y (N

TU)

Daily Maximum Turbidity

30 Day Moving Average Max. Turbidity

Inflow Water Turbidity at Ng’ethu Treatment Works (Water Fund Interventions aimed at reducing turbidity to below 500NTU)

Development Challenge

Erosion and sedimentation Poor water quality Very low flows during the dry season Costly hydro-power generation

Development challenge

PRIMARY: Sediment retention

for Water quality

CO-BENEFITS: Baseflow

for Water availability

Water Fund Objectives

The Water Fund will establish a revolving fund to support land-conservation measures upstream

The Nairobi Water Fund Business Case

Analysis of the benefits from a US$10 million investment in sustainable land management interventions through the Water Fund over 30-years

Average sediment concentration by month at the intake area for Nairobi’s water (mg/kg) showing a sediment concentration reduced by 50–60%

Source: TNC, 2015. Upper Tana-Nairobi Water Fund Business Case. Version 2. The Nature Conservancy: Nairobi, Kenya.

Reproduced from TNC, 2015

How the fund envisions success

Monitoring the performance of sustainable land management strategies and so deliver proof of concept

Monitoring subwatersheds (with partners)- detects system wide changes

Monitoring microwatersheds – to test the efficiency of practices in reducing sedimentation; but also: the feasibility of interventions for people; the impact of interventions on other ES; trade-offs involved in implementing interventions.

Will impact be achieved?

Research for impact Field monitoring and capacity building

Sub-watershed monitoring Subwatersheds – measuring river height on all major rivers and turbidity probes on three major rivers (hourly), one installed by CIAT

Turbidity (NTU) of river water measured over the period of one month at hourly intervals in Kamakia river

Measured with a Greenspan Turbidity Meter

Micro-watershed monitoring Microwatersheds

Impact and control sites

Interventions will be implemented in impact sites after 6 months of monitoring

Before–After Control–Impact (BACI) design

Monitoring water quality and quantity

Map produced by Kirk Klausmeyer, TNC

Mapping microwatersheds to ensure they fulfill certain criteria; originally chosen from partner recommendations

Bimonthly monitoring of turbidity and other properties

Turbidity (NTU) of river water at microwatershed site Thika valley before and after a rainstorm and of runoff entering the river

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 1 2 3

Turb

idit

y N

TU

Normal After rain

Runoff

Based only on one sample from one day! Runoff entering clear water

Micro-watershed monitoring

172.7 2.9

1056

Fundamental Model for Water Fund in Kenya

Water Users Watershed keepers $$

Use and growth Quality Watershed CLEAN &

AVAILABLE

WATER

Strong

Governance &

Endowment

Funding

Private Sector-farmer linkages

Raw materials

tea, vegetables and grassland to cereals

cereals and forest to tea and coffee

agriculture to forest

Land use changes

Stakeholder Engagement

Sorghum assessments

Stakeholder Engagement

Sorghum assessments

Comparative flux assessments

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

All Years

-120000000

-80000000

-40000000

0

40000000

80000000

120000000

An

nu

al

Mo

istu

re F

luxe

s (

m3)

Precipitation

Evaporation

Flow to Groundwater

Surface Runoff

Transpiration

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

All Years

-120000000

-80000000

-40000000

0

40000000

80000000

120000000

An

nu

al

Mo

istu

re F

luxe

s (

m3)

Precipitation

Evaporation

Flow to Groundwater

Surface Runoff

Transpiration

Maize Sorghum

0

10

20

30

40

Ce

rea

l p

ric

es

(K

sh

s/k

g)

Maize

Sorghum

2013 2014 2015

Vegetables Maize Sorghum

Cropping regimes

0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

Se

aso

nal

cro

p y

ield

(k

g h

a-1

)Cereals assessments

Sorghum yields are masked by other Considerations of pests and diseases, drought years

Engagements for uptake

Moving forwards Need for stakeholder engagement through participatory

processes: preferences, tradeoffs and feasibility Incorporate results into stakeholder platforms which will examine

how investments and incentives into SLM can be designed. Motivation of investors, active engagement of resource stewards,

environmental considerations Uptake and policy Results will be given to the WRMAs, Water Fund monitoring team,

Steering committee and NGOs implementing Water Fund activities so that Water Fund investment strategies can be adapted if necessary.

The Nature conservancy, Water Management Resources Authority (WRMA), Sustainable Agricultural Community Development Programme (SACDEP), Green Belt Movement and Kenya National Farmers Program

Thanks for your attention

Donors- WLE,

UNDP- GEF, SIDA- ACT!,

IFAD, UNEP, GIZ, TNC

PRIVATE ENTITIES

Corporates-EABL,

Coca- Cola, Nairobi Water

Round Table

Research- Future

Water, Natural Capital

Project, and CIAT

Courtesy of Fred Kihara (TNC)