the mystery of the periodic table - wordpress.com · • dimitri mendeleev – arranged the...

The Mystery of the Periodic table

17/05/2016 ©cgrahamphysics.com 2016

What is the pattern?


Starter • What are they made of?

17/05/2016

Iron, aluminium, silicon, oxygen, boron

helium

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur ©cgrahamphysics.com 2016

Aim • Use the periodic table to locate certain elements

• Explain how the periodic table was developed

• Know what groups and periods on the periodic table are

Key words

• Dimitri Mendeleev - Period

• Element - Group

• Symbol - metal

• Metalloids


The bigger picture

Have you ever wondered

How were the different elements discovered? 17/05/2016 ©cgrahamphysics.com 2016

Elements • All substances are made of particles but only

about a hundred substances contain just one type of atom.

• These are the simplest substances in the universe and are called elements

Elementary dear Watson!


Letters are the building blocks of all words.

The English alphabet contains 26 letters.

These letters combine in different ways to make about 750 000 different words.

Elements are the building blocks of all materials.

These elements combine in different ways to make more than 26 million different materials.

The materials alphabet contains about 100 elements.

Elements

• All substances in the entire universe are made up of things called elements. You can think of the elements as the ‘materials alphabet’.


What atoms are you made of? • Atoms are the smallest part of an element. • Different elements join together in different ways to make all the

materials in the Universe, from rocks to air.

Just like all materials in the Universe, humans are also made of atoms.

Which atoms do you think are most common in the human body?

oxygen (65%)

other (%)

sulfur (0.25%)

potassium (0.35%)

phosphorus (1%)

calcium (2%)

nitrogen (3%)

carbon (18%)

hydrogen (10%)


Task

Complete your periodic table so it clearly shows

- Metals, non-metals, metalloids

- Liquids, solids and gases

- Groups 1-7 and 0

- Periods 1-7


The periodic table All the known elements are shown in the periodic table.

Can you spot any patterns in how the elements are arranged in the periodic table?


Who invented the periodic table?

Can you find the 14 scientists that have an element named after them?

17/05/2016

Solving the puzzle of the periodic table The genius of Mendeleev's periodic table

Marie Curie

96

Johan Gadolin

64

Einstein

99

Enrico Fermi

100

Mendeleev

101

A. Nobel

102

E. Lawrence

103

E. Rutherford

104 106

G. Seaborg Nils Bohr

107

Lise Meitner

109

W. Roentgen

111

Copernicus

112

G. Flyorov

114

©cgrahamphysics.com 2016

Solving the puzzle of the periodic table - Eric Rosado.mp4

The genius of Mendeleev's periodic table - Lou Serico.mp4

How are the elements arranged? The elements in the periodic table are arranged in families called groups and periods. A group is a vertical column in the periodic table; a period is a horizontal row.

For example, all the elements in group 0 are very unreactive gases at room temperature, while all the elements in group 1 are very reactive metals.

The elements in groups tend to have similar properties.

groups 0 to 7

pe

rio

ds

1 t

o 6


Solids, liquids and gases Why are some symbol names in the periodic table, below, shown in different colours? (clue: think about group properties)

Bromine and mercury are liquids at room temperature; all the other elements are solids or gases.


Metalloids Metals are on the left and in the centre of the periodic table.

Non-metals are located mostly on the right.

Metalloids sometimes behave like metals and sometimes like non-metals.

Silicon and germanium are examples of metalloids.

Metalloids are located between metals and non-metals in the periodic table.


Symbols for elements Each element can be represented by a symbol.

For many elements, the symbol is the start of the name, for example H = hydrogen or Li = lithium. Can you think of any other symbols like this?

However, some of the symbols are not always as you might expect; for example, Pb = lead. Can you think of any other elements with unexpected symbols?

The first letter of an element’s symbol is always a capital letter, e.g. N (not n) for nitrogen. If there are two letters in the element’s symbol, the second letter is always a small letter, e.g. Co (not CO) for cobalt.


Chemical symbols game


Why are symbols important? Why might scientists find it easier to use symbols for elements rather than names?

Elements have different names

in different languages, e.g. in

Portuguese, nitrogen is called

‘azote’, and iron is called ‘ferro’.

Symbols are quicker to write than names, and can be easily

used in chemical formulae, diagrams and equations.


Match the element


School had finished and, Mr Joseph was pumping [Fe] in the gym. It was a [B] afternoon and he decided to plan a [Rn] KLCC bank. A few hours later he put his plan into action. He forced his way into the bank and threatened to fill the manager full of [Pb] if he didn’t open up the vault. The manager grinned, and did as he was told… the vault was empty! “The [Au] bars,” shouted Mr Cawson“, they’ [Ar]!!”

“Yep,” replied the manager, “the branch closes down tonight and the [Au] went weeks ago. Still, every cloud has a [Ag] lining: they also removed the alarm system.” Looking at Mr Cawson straight in the eye he said ”Beat it before I call a [Cu]. The [Ne] lights of Las Vegas will have to wait for your visit. They like dollars and you haven’t got a [Ni].“

There was nothing to steal except an old [Sn] of beans from the staff kitchen. Mr Cawson snatched them and was gone.

Mr Joseph turns to crime


Plenary: Spelling with symbols Write down the symbols for each element listed and use these to spell out a word that matches the clue.

1. Board game: carbon, helium, two sulfurs

2. Relative: sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen

3. Fuel: carbon, oxygen, aluminium

4. Group of fish: sulfur, hydrogen, oxygen,

aluminium

5. For the rubbish: boron, iodine, nitrogen.

CHeSS

SON

BIN

COAl

SHOAl


Key words • Dimitri Mendeleev – arranged the periodic table

• Element – substance made up of only one type of atom

• Symbol – one or two letters that represent an element

• Period – a row in the periodic table ( across from left to right)

• Group – a column in the periodic table (straight down)

• Metal – found on the left or middle of the periodic table. Usually hard, shiny and a good conductor.

• Metalloids – an element from the middle of the periodic table. Often a semi conductor


the mystery of the periodic table - wordpress.com · • dimitri mendeleev – arranged the...

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