The Muscular System

B TEC Level 2 Diploma in Sport

Carlos Munoz

Task 1 – Quick quiz

1. What is the name of the mineral stored in the bones? 2. Where would you find the condyloid joint?3. Where are blood cells produced? 4. Which limb consists of four bones?5. A hinge joint is shaped to allow which type of

movement to take place?6. Which term describes movement away from the

body? 7. This type of joint can be found in the neck? 8. This type of joint can be found in the skull?9. This type of synovial allows the greatest range of

movement? 10. Which bones protect the heart and lungs?

Calcium

Pivot

Wrist

Abduction

Ribs

Ball and socket

The leg

Flexion

Bone marrow

Immoveable

Session aims

• To identify the major muscles of the body? (P3)

• To describe the different types of muscles and their movement (P4)

• To explain how antagonistic muscle pairs work ? (P4)

Human Muscles

• Task 1 (Pair work)– Write down as many names of the muscles of the

body that you know on sticky paper

– Place the stick note stick paper in the correct part of the body of your partner

Types of Muscle

3 types of muscle tissue are; • Smooth muscle • Cardiac muscle• Skeletal Muscle

Task 2 (In pairs) Write down the characteristics of each type of muscle and state where it can be found

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PJDrR3sZPZU

The Voluntary Muscle • Allows movement to take place on a voluntary basis (because

you want it to), also, called skeletal muscle

• Tendons attach skeletal muscle to the bones, thus when a muscle contracts it moves the bones that they are attached to

• The points where muscles attach to the bones are called origin and insertion.

• When a muscle contracts the origin stays still while the insertion moves the bone that you want to move

The Involuntary muscle

• This is an involuntary muscle and works consciously

• These muscles are found inside the body organs and arteries

• The involuntary muscles functions is to move food within the gut, to help give birth and to control the diameter of the arteries that control blood flow around the body

Cardiac muscle• The heart is made up of cardiac

muscle (also called myocardium)

• Cardiac muscle is also involuntary as it contracts subconsciously

• The muscle consists of specialised fibres that do not tire

Task 2 – Match the terms to the definitions

Cardiac muscle

Smooth muscle

Skeletal muscle

Attached to the skeleton to make movement. Under our conscious control

Found only in the heart. Work continuously without our conscious control

Found around internal organs. Work without our conscious control

Task 3 – Label the diagramAnterior view

Biceps, Deltoids, Pectoralis Major, Rectus abdominus,Internal and external oblique's, Iliopsoas (hip flexors),Adductors, Quadriceps, Tibialis Anetrior

Posterior view

Trapezius, Triceps, Latissimus Dorsi, Erector SpinaeGluteus Maximus, Abductors, Hamstrings, Gastrocnemius, Soleus

Muscles

of the

body

Muscle Movement• Tendons are responsible for joining skeletal

muscle to your bones

• They are chords made of tough tissue, and they work to connect muscle to bones. When a muscle contracts, it pulls on the tendon, which in turn pulls on the bones and therefore makes the bone move

• Muscles only produce pulling movements, thus each muscle has a partner that can return the body to it’s original position, these are antagonistic muscle pairs

Antagonistic muscle pairs• This is when muscles work in pairs, this is

known as antagonistic muscle pairs

• Antagonistic muscle pairs is when one muscle contracts, it’s partner relaxes

• In the diagram the biceps and triceps are working together. Initially, in the upward phase of the bicep curl the bicep is pulling (contracting). Thereafter, in the downward phase of the bicep curl the tricep is pulling/contracting

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jxk5tFiGVSE&feature=related

Task 4 – Muscles and movement1. There are 3 different types of muscle in the human body. Describe each, giving

examples of where you would find them in your body.

2. Copy out the table below, then draw a line to link the correct muscle next to it’s antagonistic pair. If you are not sure, identify where you would find each muscle on your body and then try to work out where it’s partner is.

3. Describe the process of how muscles work in antagonistic pairs to produce movement, giving an example in the body. Note, muscles can only pull.

Biceps Trapezius Hamstrings Erector Spinae Abdominals Quadriceps Deltoids Triceps