the moon moon: a natural satellite of a planet may vary widely in composition
TRANSCRIPT
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The MoonThe Moon
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MOON:MOON:
• a natural satellite of a planet
• may vary widely in composition
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The Earth’s MoonThe Earth’s Moon
• Lunar rocks brought back during Apollo missions found to be 4.6 billion years old…a clue to the age of the Earth and of our solar system…
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Exploring the MoonExploring the Moon
•1957: Soviet Union launched Sputnik I, the first artificial satellite
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Exploring the Moon…Exploring the Moon…
• 1961: Yuri A. Gagarin, Soviet cosmonaut, became first human in space
• 1962: Project Mercury: Alan B. Shepard, Jr., first American in space
• Project Gemini: launched 2-person crews
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Apollo 11Apollo 11• July 20, 1969
• First manned mission to landland on the moon
• Neil ArmstrongArmstrong and Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin
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I. Formation of the MoonI. Formation of the Moon
Giant-Impact Hypothesis:
Mars-sized body struck the Earth early in its history
Collision caused an ejection of fragments into orbit around Earth
Fragments eventually joined to form the moon
Supported by silica-rich samples of moon rocks brought back by Apollo astronauts
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• Moon Impact Theory
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II. Movements of the MoonII. Movements of the Moon• The orbit of the moon around Earth is an
ellipse– Apogee: when the moon is furthest away from
Earth– Perigee: when the moon is closest to Earth
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ROTATION and REVOLUTION ROTATION and REVOLUTION Periods are Periods are EQUALEQUAL
• Revolution around the Earth: 27.3 days– Revolution around Earth creates
moon phases and eclipses
• Rotation on its axis: one rotation during each orbit around the Earth
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A. TidesA. Tides
• The daily, periodic rise and fall of Earth’s water levels caused by the gravitational attraction between the Earth and moon
• Two (2) high and low tides each day
• Create a bulge of land and water on one side of the Earth
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SPRING SPRING TIDES:TIDES:
higher high tides and lower low tides at
FULL and NEW moon phases
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• During SPRING TIDES:
• The SUN, MOON,
EARTH form a
LINE
• To SPRING means:
“to jump” or
“to leap up”
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• NEAP TIDES: weak tides; tidal
ranges at a minimum
• occur during QUARTER
moons
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B. EclipsesB. Eclipses
1. SOLAR Eclipse: MOON is between the Earth and the Sun and blocks out the Sun.
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2. LUNAR Eclipse: EARTH is between the moon and the Sun and
Earth’s shadow blocks out the moon.
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•
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• EclipsesEclipses
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What makes the moon shine?What makes the moon shine?
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III. Lunar Cycle: III. Lunar Cycle: Phases of the MoonPhases of the Moon
NEW Moon: moon is not illuminated (lit)
FULL Moon: full lighted circle
• Earth is between the moon and the sun
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WAXINGWAXING Moon: size of the visible portion of the moon increasesincreases
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WANINGWANING Moon: size of the
visible portion of the moon decreases
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Lunar MonthLunar Month
• SynodicSynodic month: measured from new moon to new moon = 29.5329.53 days
• SiderealSidereal month: orbital period = 27.3227.32 days
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Sidereal vs. Synodic PeriodsSidereal vs. Synodic Periods
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• Phases of the MoonPhases of the Moon
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•