the milgram experiment
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Milgram experiment](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022202/58b879cb1a28ab44078b479f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Milgram experimentPeople obey extreme orders from authority figures
![Page 2: The Milgram experiment](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022202/58b879cb1a28ab44078b479f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
In 1961 Stanley Milgram began carrying out a series of now notorious experiments testing the extent to which people would obey instructions from an authority figure if those instructions involved harming another person
![Page 3: The Milgram experiment](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022202/58b879cb1a28ab44078b479f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Participant Stooge Stooge
![Page 4: The Milgram experiment](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022202/58b879cb1a28ab44078b479f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
At the start of the experiment participants were introduced to another ‘participant’ (actually a confederate of the researcher)
The participants drew lots to determine who would be the ‘teacher’ and who would be the ‘learner’ (although this was fixed so that the confederate would always become the learner)
![Page 5: The Milgram experiment](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022202/58b879cb1a28ab44078b479f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Teacher Learner
Experimenter
![Page 6: The Milgram experiment](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022202/58b879cb1a28ab44078b479f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The learner was taken into one room and strapped into an electric chair
They were then given a list of word pairs to memorise
![Page 7: The Milgram experiment](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022202/58b879cb1a28ab44078b479f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Sit here please
![Page 8: The Milgram experiment](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022202/58b879cb1a28ab44078b479f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
This looks ominous…
![Page 9: The Milgram experiment](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022202/58b879cb1a28ab44078b479f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The teacher was then taken into another room containing an electric shock generator
![Page 10: The Milgram experiment](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022202/58b879cb1a28ab44078b479f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
You will use this apparatus to teach the learner when they make a mistake
Low voltage – slight shock
Danger – severe shock
![Page 11: The Milgram experiment](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022202/58b879cb1a28ab44078b479f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The teacher tested the learner by reading out the first word in each of the pairs and offering four options for the learner to choose the second paired word from
When the learner responded correctly, the teacher did nothing
![Page 12: The Milgram experiment](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022202/58b879cb1a28ab44078b479f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
I’m glad he got that right
![Page 13: The Milgram experiment](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022202/58b879cb1a28ab44078b479f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
When the learner gave a wrong answer, the teacher was told to administer an electric shock, increasing the voltage each time another wrong answer was given
The learner gave mostly wrong answers (on purpose)
The responses to the shocks that the teacher heard were tape recordings
![Page 14: The Milgram experiment](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022202/58b879cb1a28ab44078b479f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Please continue
Aargh!Oh no!
![Page 15: The Milgram experiment](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022202/58b879cb1a28ab44078b479f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
If the teacher protested as the voltage went up, the experimenter gave four scripted answers insisting they continue
If the participant maintained their protest after all four orders had been given the experiment ended
Otherwise the experiment ended after the teacher had administered the highest shock – 450 volts
![Page 16: The Milgram experiment](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022202/58b879cb1a28ab44078b479f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The experiment requires you to continue
Please don’t!
This is horrible!
![Page 17: The Milgram experiment](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022202/58b879cb1a28ab44078b479f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
It is absolutely essential that you continue
Please I have a heart condition — I
can’t take this!
I can’t believe they’re making me do
this!
![Page 18: The Milgram experiment](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022202/58b879cb1a28ab44078b479f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
You have no other choice but to continue
…WHY?!!!
![Page 19: The Milgram experiment](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022202/58b879cb1a28ab44078b479f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Two thirds of participants (teachers) administered electric shocks up to the highest level (450 volts) – even though this would have been fatal
All participants administered shocks up to 300 volts
![Page 20: The Milgram experiment](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022202/58b879cb1a28ab44078b479f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Conclusion
The majority of people will obey orders from authority figures even to the extent of killing an innocent person
![Page 21: The Milgram experiment](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022202/58b879cb1a28ab44078b479f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Reference
Behavioural Study of Obedience The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, Vol 67(4), Oct 1963, 371-378 Stanley Milgram