The Middle ColoniesThe Middle Colonies

Presented By:Presented By:KittiKitti

AngelaAngelaKimikoKimikoNoemiNoemi

MeaghanMeaghanMelodyMelodyGraceGrace

Setting the Stage…Setting the Stage… Between 1640 and 1660, there was a power struggle Between 1640 and 1660, there was a power struggle

between king and parliament in England. This between king and parliament in England. This postponed any further colonization.postponed any further colonization.

King Charles I was overthrown by the parliament in King Charles I was overthrown by the parliament in 1649, and a commonwealth was established under the 1649, and a commonwealth was established under the leadership of Puritan Oliver Cromwellleadership of Puritan Oliver Cromwell

The monarchy was restored in 1660 under King Charles The monarchy was restored in 1660 under King Charles II, and the interest in starting new colonies was revived.II, and the interest in starting new colonies was revived.

Supporters of the new king were rewarded with land Supporters of the new king were rewarded with land grants and proprietorships.grants and proprietorships.

These grants evolved into what is known as the middle These grants evolved into what is known as the middle colonies.colonies.

Resulting in Self-GovernmentResulting in Self-Government

The neglect of the colonies during the power The neglect of the colonies during the power struggle (1640 – 1660), allowed the colonies to struggle (1640 – 1660), allowed the colonies to develop traditions of self-government.develop traditions of self-government.

Colonial legislatures made their own laws, which Colonial legislatures made their own laws, which were enforced by local courts.were enforced by local courts.

Defiance or ignorance of the orders of England, Defiance or ignorance of the orders of England, and even the colonist’s own governors was and even the colonist’s own governors was commonplace.commonplace.

The middle colonies gained a small degree of The middle colonies gained a small degree of independence from England. independence from England.

Pennsylvania

In 1681, Charles II granted a land charter to William Penn

One of the largest land grant to one single individual in history

Included present-day Pennsylvania and Delaware

Pennsylvania (Penn Woods) is named after William Penn’s father

William Penn

William Penn and the Government

William Penn established a government which was based on two innovationsCounty commissionFreedom of religious convicts

Penn’s government caused a stir in Europe because it was a dramatic example of offering equal rights to everyone despite different races and religions

The Constitution

William Penn created a constitution for Pennsylvania where he implemented a democratic systemFull freedom of religionFair trialsElection of people in powerSeparation of power

This constitution later became the backbone of America’s constitution

Delaware (A.K.A Delaware (A.K.A First StateFirst State))

•Was first colonized by the Dutch, and then the Swedes before being captured by England in 1664.

•Delaware was the “lower county” purchased by William Penn from the Duke of York.

•Delaware was allowed to elect their own assembly despite not being part of the land grant to William Penn.

Origin of the name:

•Named after Thomas West (Lord De La Warr) the first governor of the Virginia colony

THE EARLY DAYS

Cool FactsCool Facts

• Delaware is nicknamed “the first state” Delaware is nicknamed “the first state” because it was the first state to sign because it was the first state to sign the Declaration of Independence and the Declaration of Independence and became the first state in 1787 became the first state in 1787

• Delaware was purchaced by William Delaware was purchaced by William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania from England in 1682 to be part of from England in 1682 to be part of Pennsylvania. However, during the Pennsylvania. However, during the revolutionary war(1775-1783) Delaware revolutionary war(1775-1783) Delaware fought as a separate state.fought as a separate state.

The duke of York was granted the land The duke of York was granted the land west and south of new England, from the west and south of new England, from the Connecticut river to the Delaware river by Connecticut river to the Delaware river by his brother, even though the territory had his brother, even though the territory had been settled by the Dutchbeen settled by the Dutch

The English had viewed the Dutch colony The English had viewed the Dutch colony as a threat because of its trade its as a threat because of its trade its expanding settlements and its location expanding settlements and its location between New England to the north and between New England to the north and Virginia to the south.Virginia to the south.

In 1664 the Duke of York sent a fleet of In 1664 the Duke of York sent a fleet of four English warships to capture the four English warships to capture the settlement of New Amsterdam.settlement of New Amsterdam.

A Beginning:A Beginning:

Above: Colonial currency

The Dutch governor Peter The Dutch governor Peter Stuyvesant of New Amsterdam, Stuyvesant of New Amsterdam, tried to defend the colony.tried to defend the colony.

But because of lack of support of But because of lack of support of his own colonists he was forced to his own colonists he was forced to surrender New Amsterdamsurrender New Amsterdam

The Duke of York did not hesitate to The Duke of York did not hesitate to change the colonies name to New change the colonies name to New YorkYork

Governors appointed by the Duke of Governors appointed by the Duke of York ruled New York until 1863 York ruled New York until 1863 when the Duke agreed to demands when the Duke agreed to demands for an elected representative for an elected representative assembly.assembly.

Two years later the Duke of York Two years later the Duke of York became King James the second, became King James the second, and that made New York a royal and that made New York a royal colonycolony

He returned full power to the He returned full power to the governorgovernor

Below: A map of New York

Several factors delayed New York's rapid growthSeveral factors delayed New York's rapid growth Few settlers came because large landowners Few settlers came because large landowners

called patrons still held much of the land along called patrons still held much of the land along the Hudson Rivethe Hudson Rive

The French in Canada prevented to any The French in Canada prevented to any expansion in the northexpansion in the north

The Iroquois confederacy blocked expansion The Iroquois confederacy blocked expansion westwardwestward

New York City's harbour made it a natural trade New York City's harbour made it a natural trade centercenter

For many years the small population of the For many years the small population of the colony did not supply enough goods for exportcolony did not supply enough goods for export

New York's population included Dutch, Swedes, New York's population included Dutch, Swedes, Native Americans, Africans, Jews, some English Native Americans, Africans, Jews, some English and French settlers, and many more and French settlers, and many more nationalitiesnationalities

Dutch customs remained strong and Dutch Dutch customs remained strong and Dutch Calvinist churches enduredCalvinist churches endured

In 1688, there was a revolution in the colony, In 1688, there was a revolution in the colony, enabeling Jacob Leisler to establish a enabeling Jacob Leisler to establish a government with an elected assembly.government with an elected assembly.

However, in 1690 a new Governor arrived who However, in 1690 a new Governor arrived who captured Leisler and put him on trial.captured Leisler and put him on trial.

Ironically, the governor continued to allow the Ironically, the governor continued to allow the colony to elect its own assembly.colony to elect its own assembly.

Colonial New Yorkhttp://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~luke/Colonial_Ne

w_York/IMAG001.GIF

New York's population included Dutch, Swedes, Native New York's population included Dutch, Swedes, Native Americans, Africans, Jews, some English and French Americans, Africans, Jews, some English and French settlers, and many more nationalitiessettlers, and many more nationalities

Dutch customs remained strong and Dutch Calvinist Dutch customs remained strong and Dutch Calvinist churches enduredchurches endured

In 1688, there was a revolution in the colony, In 1688, there was a revolution in the colony, enabeling Jacob Leisler to establish a government enabeling Jacob Leisler to establish a government with an elected assembly.with an elected assembly.

However, in 1690 a new Governor arrived who However, in 1690 a new Governor arrived who captured Leisler and put him on trial.captured Leisler and put him on trial.

Ironically, the governor continued to allow the colony Ironically, the governor continued to allow the colony to elect its own assembly.to elect its own assembly.

Founded: 1626 by Peters Minuit and others, on Manhattan Founded: 1626 by Peters Minuit and others, on Manhattan IslandIsland

Major: Manufacturing (shipbuilding, iron works), Agriculture Major: Manufacturing (shipbuilding, iron works), Agriculture (Cattle, grain, rice, indigo, wheat)(Cattle, grain, rice, indigo, wheat)

Major Cities: New York City, AlbanyMajor Cities: New York City, Albany Colony Named For: Duke of YorkColony Named For: Duke of York Became a State: July 26, 1788Became a State: July 26, 1788 By 1667, ,NY was the biggest trading post in the coloniesBy 1667, ,NY was the biggest trading post in the colonies NYC became the capital of the coloniesNYC became the capital of the colonies It ended as the capital in 1970It ended as the capital in 1970 New York originally started out as a Proprietary colonyNew York originally started out as a Proprietary colony In 1788 NY became the eleventh state to ratify the In 1788 NY became the eleventh state to ratify the

constitutionconstitution

From the Library of Congress Geography and Map Division, Washington, D.C.

• New Jersey was first colonized by Swedish and Dutch settlers in 1609

• It was taken over by the British in 1664, and the area between New England and Maryland was granted to the Duke of York

• The Area now known as New Jersey was originally divided into two when the Duke of York gave out parts of the land grant to Lord Berkeley and Sir Carteret, as a token of thanks for their loyalty during the English Civil War

• Berkeley had West Jersey; Carteret had East Jersey

• Settlers were offered religious freedom and large land grants. However, as time progressed, it became difficult for the two men to collect the settlers’ annual fees. Because of this, Berkeley sold West Jersey to the Quakers in 1674. Carteret’s heirs did the same in 1682.

© 2003 Matthew Trump

• Queen Anne of England reunited the two parts into a royal colony in 1702 and put it under the rule of New York’s governor

• This created dispute between the settlers because of favouritism shown to New York. In response, King George II appointed a separate governor, Judge Lewis Morris.

Colonial New Jersey’s 18 Pence note

Important ConceptsImportant Concepts

The Mason-Dixon lineThe Mason-Dixon line: : Due to a boundary Due to a boundary dispute between dispute between Pennsylvania and Pennsylvania and Maryland, Two Maryland, Two surveyors were hired surveyors were hired (Mason and Dixon) to (Mason and Dixon) to draw borders between draw borders between the two colonies. The the two colonies. The results became known results became known as the Mason-Dixon as the Mason-Dixon line.line.