the middle age ángel
TRANSCRIPT
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VIKINGS NORMANSMUSLIMS
HUNGARIANS
INVASIONS FROM 9th CENTURY
Viking “drakkar”
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THE VIKINGS:THE LEGEND OF HASTEININ THE TOWN OF LUNA (ITALY)
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Rise of feudal lords.
ATTACKSVIOLENCE
+KING´S
WEAKNESS
RISEOF FEUDAL
LORDS
SERFSWORK FOR
FEUDAL LORDSIN THE LANDS
FEUDAL LORDSPROTECT SERFS FROM VIOLENCE
OWNERSOF THE LAND
ANCIENTCOLONIFROMROME
ANCIENT LANLORDS FROMROME
THEY HAVECASTLES AND
ARMIES
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KING OR A GREAT LORD
GIVES LAND TO THE NOBLE
THE NOBLE(VASSAL)
PROMISE LOYALTYAND MILITAR ASSISTANCE
PAYING HOMAGE(TAKING HANDS)
A burocratis writing
the agreement.
THE NATURE OF FEUDALISM
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FEUDAL KINGS
have no real power overtheir vassals.
He was a landlord too, collecting taxes from
their lands and a few cities they
have in power.
King, knights and the ChurchWere united by feudal
allegiances (vassals), but they used
to fight each otherIn theory, nobles were vassals ofFeudal kings, but kings had no real Power over them.
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CLERGY(THE CHURCH)They pray
THE THREEESTATES
NOBLES (WARRIORS)They fight
THIRD ESTATE(PEASANTS)They work
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Upper nobility lived in castles surroundedBy knights.
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Knights.-They were dedicated to warfare.-They were notVery rich.-They were vassals ofOther lords.
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THE CHURCHThe clergy was a priviledged estate,He had spiritual and cultural functionsIn the Middle Age.They were not born in this estate,But come from other estates, nobilityAnd peasants too.
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PEASANTS
Free peasantsSerfs.Hard conditionsOf life.
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ORATORES BELLATORES LABRATORES
La sociedad está dividida en tres órdenes. Aparte de la iglesia, la ley reconoce otras dos condiciones: el noble y el siervo que no se rigen por la misma ley. Los nobles son los guerreros, los protectores de las iglesias. Defienden a todo el pueblo, a los grandes lo mismo que a los pequeños y al mismo tiempo se protegen a ellos mismos. La otra clase es la de los siervos. Esta raza de desgraciados no posee nada sin sufrimiento. Provisiones y vestidos son suministradas a todos por ellos, pues los hombres libres no pueden valerse sin ellos. Así, pues, la ciudad de Dios que es tenida como una, en realidad es triple. Unos rezan, otros luchan y otros trabajan. Los tres órdenes viven juntos y no sufrirían una separación. Los servicios de cada uno de estos órdenes permite los trabajos de los otros dos. Y cada uno a su vez presta apoyo a los demás. ADALBERON DE LAON, 11th century
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THE POPESSt.Silvester Constantine
(the emperor)
THE CHURCH
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The tinth or DIEZMO(Partidas Alfonso X, 13th century)
Peasants givingPart of their crops
Priest
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WOMEN IN MIDDLE AGENo rights at allHouse life.
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The idealizationOf woman
KNIGHTS AND COURTLY LOVEXII century
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A STRANGECASE:
JOANNAD’ARC
XV cent.
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FIND AT LEASTTHREE DIFFERENCES
BODIAM CASTLE, SUSSEX, XIV cent.
TRUJILLO CASTLE, X-XII cent.
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Forte de Graça, Elvas,Portugal
XVIII century
After XVI century,Artillery redesignAll fortress and Medieval castles Dissapear.
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MANORIAL SYSTEM
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Improvements after 11th century
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Improvements after 11th century
From the old Roman plough…
Very light, not useful for hard soils…
To the new Norman plough…
Stronger, easy to carry by beasts…
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THE CALENDARTime was dependingOn the different activitiesAlong the year.
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TECHNOLOGYIMPROVEMENTS
+MORE LANDS
MORE PRODUCTIONMORE FOOD
POPULATION INCREASES
MIGRATION TO NEW LANDS /TOWNS
RECOVERY OF TRADE
ECONOMY EXPANSION 12th and 13th century
THE AGRARIANREVOLUTION
11th and 12thcentury
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PILGRIMAGE TO HOLY PLACES:ROME, SANTIAGO, JERUSALEM
In the Middle Age… Nowadays
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CRUSADERS12th century
CrossIn the shield
(religious war)
Muslims
New weapons
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Church
Cloister
Cultivated lands
Refectorium
THE MONASTERIES
CLUNY CISTER
Scriptorium
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The main labour for monasteries in the earlyMiddle Age was the copyof classical works.
Books made by hand,with miniatures.
SCRIPTORIUM
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Romanesque styleFrom 11th to beg. 13th cent.All Western Europe.Mainly religious (churches, Cathedrals and monasteries)
Sait Mary Laach,Germany
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Santiago de Compostela
triforium
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Santo Domingo deSilos
capitelcloister
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Notre Dame,PoitiersFrance
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Durham cathedralEngland
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San Martín de Frómista
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Small windows
Bell tower
Roman arc
Thickwalls
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ARCHITECTONIC FEATURES
• Roman arch (ARCO DE MEDIO PUNTO)• Barrel vault (BÓVEDA DE CAÑÓN)• Buttressses (CONTRAFUERTES)• Columns (COLUMNAS)• Capitels (CAPITELES)
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PARTS OF CHURCH
• Shape of cross (CRUZ LATINA)
• Bell tower (CAMPANARIO)• Portal (PÓRTICO)• Nave (NAVE CENTRAL)• Aisles (NAVE LATERAL)• Transept (CRUCERO)• Apse (ÁBSIDE)