the metric system an easy way to measure si system the international system of units derived units...
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The Metric System
An easy way to measure
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SI System
The International System of Units Derived Units Commonly Used in Chemistry Area and Volume: Derived Units Prefixes in the SI System
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Measuring
The numbers are only half of a measurement• Measurement = number + unit
It is 10 long 10 what. Numbers without units are meaningless. How many feet in a yard A mile A rod
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The Metric System
Easier to use because it is a decimal system Every conversion is by some power of 10. A metric unit has two parts A prefix and a base unit. prefix tells you how many times to divide or
multiply by 10.
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Base Units
Length - meter more than a yard - m Mass - grams - a bout a raisin - g Time - second - s Temperature - Kelvin or ºCelsius K or C Energy - Joules- J Volume - Liter - half f a two liter bottle- L Amount of substance - mole - mol
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The International System of Units
Length meter m
Mass kilogram kg
Time second s
Amount of substance mole mol
Thermodynamic temperature Kelvin K
Electric current amperes amps
Luminous intensity candela cd
Quantity Name Symbol
Dorin, Demmin, Gabel, Chemistry The Study of Matter , 3rd Edition, 1990, page 16
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Prefixes
kilo k 1000 times deci d 1/10 centi c 1/100 milli m 1/1000 kilometer - about 0.6 miles centimeter - less than half an inch millimeter - the width of a paper clip wire
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Prefixes in the SI System
Power of 10 for Prefix Symbol Meaning Scientific Notation_______________________________________________________________________
mega- M 1,000,000 106
kilo- k 1,000 103
deci- d 0.1 10-1
centi- c 0.01 10-2
milli- m 0.001 10-3
micro- 0.000001 10-6
nano- n 0.000000001 10-9
The Commonly Used Prefixes in the SI System
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 118
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The Original Metric Reference
H2O = 1 liter
Volume
1 kg
H2O = 1 kilogram
Mass
1/10 m
1/10 m
1/10 m
Earth = 1 meter
Length
1/10,000,000
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The Official Standard Meter
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The Official Standard Kilogram
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Derived Units Commonly Used in Chemistry
Area square meter m2
Volume cubic meter m3
Force newton N Pressure pascal Pa Energy joule J Power watt W Voltage volt V Frequency hertz Hz Electric charge coulomb C
Quantity Name Symbol
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Area and Volume: Derived Units
Area = length x width
= 5.0 m x 3.0 m
= 15 ( m x m)
= 15 m2
Volume = length x width x height
= 5.0 m x 3.0 m x 4.0 m
= 60 ( m x m x m)
= 60 m3
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Measurement 100 mL Graduated Cylinder Units of Measuring Volume Reading a Meniscus Units for Measuring Mass Quantities of Mass SI-English Conversion Factors Accuracy vs. Precision Accuracy Precision Resolution SI units for Measuring Length Comparison of English and SI Units Reporting Measurements Measuring a Pin Practice Measuring
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100 mL Graduated Cylinder
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 119
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Instruments for Measuring Volume
Graduatedcylinder Syringe
Volumetric flaskBuret Pipet
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Units of Measuring Volume
1 L = 1000 mL
1 qt = 946 mL
Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 3
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Reading a Meniscus
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Units for Measuring Mass
1 kg = 2.20 lb
Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 3
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Quantities of Mass
Kelter, Carr, Scott, Chemistry A Wolrd of Choices 1999, page 25
Earth’s atmosphere to 2500 km
Ocean liner
Indian elephant
Average human
1.0 liter of water
Grain of table salt
Typical protein
Uranium atomWater molecule
1024 g
1021 g
1018 g
1015 g
1012 g
109 g
106 g
103 g
100 g
10-3 g
10-6 g
10-9 g
10-12 g
10-15 g
10-18 g
10-21 g
10-24 g
Giga- Mega-
Kilo-Kilo-
base
milli-milli-
micro-
nano-
pico-
femto-
atomo-
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SI-US Conversion FactorsRelationship Conversion Factors
Length
Volume
Mass
2.54 cm = 1 in.
1 m = 39.4 in.
946 mL = 1 qt
1 L = 1.06 qt
454 g = 1 lb
1 kg = 2.20 lb
1 in2.54 cm 39.4 in
1 m 1 m 39.4 in.
946 mL 1 qt
1 qt 946 mL
1.06 qt 1 L
1 L 1.06 qt
454 g 1 lb
1 lb 454 g
2.20 lb 1 kg
1 kg 2.20 lb
2.54 cm 1 in and
and
and
and
and
and
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Accuracy vs. Precision
Random errors: reduce precision
Good accuracyGood precision
Poor accuracyGood precision
Poor accuracyPoor precision
Systematic errors: reduce accuracy
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Accuracy Precision Resolution
subsequent samples
time
off
set
[arb
itrar
y un
its]
not accurate, not precise accurate, not precise not accurate, precise
accurate and precise accurate, low resolution
-2
-3
-1
0
1
2
3
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SI System for Measuring Length
Unit Symbol Meter Equivalent _______________________________________________________________________
kilometer km 1,000 m or 103 m
meter m 1 m or 100 m
decimeter dm 0.1 m or 10-1 m
centimeter cm 0.01 m or 10-2 m
millimeter mm 0.001 m or 10-3 m
micrometer m 0.000001 m or 10-6 m
nanometer nm 0.000000001 m or 10-9 m
The SI Units for Measuring Length
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 118
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Volume
calculated by multiplying L x W x H Liter the volume of a cube 1 dm (10 cm)
on a side so 1 L = 10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm 1 L = 1000 cm3 1/1000 L = 1 cm3 1 mL = 1 cm3
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Volume
1 L about 1/4 of a gallon - a quart 1 mL is about 20 drops of water or 1
sugar cube
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Mass
weight is a force, is the amount of matter.
1gram is defined as the mass of 1 cm3 of water at 4 ºC.
1000 g = 1000 cm3 of water 1 kg = 1 L of water
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Mass
1 kg = 2.5 lbs 1 g = 1 paper clip 1 mg = 10 grains of salt or 2 drops of
water.
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Converting
k h D d c m how far you have to move on this chart,
tells you how far, and which direction to move the decimal place.
The box is the base unit, meters, Liters, grams, etc.
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Conversions
Change 5.6 m to millimeters
k h D d c m
starts at the base unit and move three to the right.move the decimal point three to the right
56 00
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Conversions
convert 25 mg to grams convert 0.45 km to mm convert 35 mL to liters It works because the math works, we are dividing
or multiplying by 10 the correct number of times
k h D d c m
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Conversions
Change 5.6 km to millimeters
k h D d c m