the maya (ad 250 – 900s) · 2015. 2. 6. · cuzco today . pachacuti (pah-chah-koo-tee) “he who...
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The Incas (1200 – 1537)
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The Aztecs (1100s – 1521) Compare
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South America in the Andes Mountains along the west
coast.
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The Incas Create an Empire
Capital city was Cuzco (in present day Peru).
Center for government, trade, learning, and
religion.
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Cuzco today
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Pachacuti
(pah-chah-KOO-tee)
“He Who Shakes the Earth” - Incan ruler,
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He expanded the empire to 12 million people. Built a strong central government
to rule over them all. Unified the empire through
forced assimilation.
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Formed an official language that ALL of the people had
to use called Quechua
(KE-chuh-wuh). Still spoken in
Peru.
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Most Incans had to work for themselves and the government. Farmers worked their own land and the government lands. This
was a way of paying taxes through labor instead of goods or money.
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The government closely controlled the lives and
resources of the people. No markets or merchants. The government gave out what was needed and stored the
rest for emergencies.
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Life in the Incan Empire
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Two groups –
1. Emperor and other government officials, and priests were in the upper
class. Did not have to pay labor tax.
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2. Farmers, artisans (skilled workers), and servants were of the lower class. Farmed
maize (corn) and peanuts.
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Built terraces in the mountainside for
farming.
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Raised Llamas
(related to the camel).
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Youtube llamma spit
http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=ITZyix-
K4tI&feature=endscreen&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&saf
e=active 1:31
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9EcQmW1OPHk&safety_mode=true&
persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active :30
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Lower class people by law could not own
more than what they needed to survive.
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No slaves. Slavery was not practiced
by this group.
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Believed their rulers were related to the
sun god.
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Usually sacrificed Llamas, cloth, and food instead of humans.
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Very large empire. Runners were used to
carry messages throughout the huge
empire.
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Achievements
Built more than 19,000 miles of
roads.
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Built canals and aqueducts (pipeline) to bring water to dry
areas.
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Master builders. Masonry (stonework)
done so well that cement was not
needed to hold stone blocks in place.
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Pottery, gold, silver jewelry, textiles
(thread and yarn, clothing).
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No writing system. Instead used quipus (KEE-pooz). Knotted
string that represented numbers
and information.
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Upper Class could relax at the royal retreat
called
Machu Picchu
MAH-choo PEEK-choo.
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Machu Picchu Lost City of the Incas
Secret Ceremonial City high up in the
Andes Mts.
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Pizarro Conquers the Incas
Incan Empire had been weakened by
civil war.
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Atahualpa (ah-tah-WAHL-pah) – Incan king.
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Francisco Pizarro - Spanish conquistador.
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In 1537 Pizarro captured Atahualpa and was brought 24
tons of precious metals as ransom.
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1 ton equals 2000
pounds.
2000 X 24 = 48,000
POUNDS
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Killed Atahualpa
anyways.
Incan empire came
to an end.
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Inca People Today
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