the man-made “bridges” to continued life what and why? man-made devices that act as an organ...
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What and why?man-made devices that act as an organ
within the body
extends life of patients with organ failures
replace an organ depending on situation
The Artificial PancreasUsed by people with type 1 diabetes Two main components:
Insulin PumpContinuous Glucose Meter
Glucose meter reads bloods sugar levels, sends info to Insulin pump, pump injects insulin accordingly
Artificial KidneyKidney cleanses blood of waste products
Kidney/renal failure causes kidneys to not function properly, leads to
abnormal concentration of fluids within body
Kidney transplant needed in order to survive.
Artificial kidney/dialyzer used to keep patient alive while he/she waits
Dialyzer contains several small tubes and microscopic holes
Contains special fluid known as dialysate
DialysisBlood enters dialyzer with dialysate
Waste products move from blood to dialysate
Certain chemicals from dialysate enrich blood
Blood leaves dialyzer goes through air bubble detector and back into bloodstream
Artificial HeartUsed for patients with heart failure
awaiting heart transplant
Two types used: V.A.D andT.A.H
V.A.D Artificial HeartVentricle assist deviceUsed to help partially working ventricles of heartExample:
Novacor LVASHow it works: Pump connected to left ventricle.
When heart pumps, bloods enters from left ventricle through inflow conduit and into artificial heart pump. Low resistance from blood moving out of the left ventricle reduces load greatly allowing heart to have normal stroke volume. Blood in pump then leaves through an outflow conduit and into arterial system of body.
T.A.HTotal Artificial HeartReplaces both ventricles of an almost
completely failed heartAttached to upper chamber of heart (left and
right atrium)Two types: Cardiowest and Abiocor
Artificial LungStill in development and testingExample: BiolungHow it works: can sized lung attached to right
ventricle of heart. When blood is pumped through CO2 leaves blood and O2 enters as blood passes through array of microfibers. Blood travels back to left atrium of heart.
Improvements needed: Determine optimal fiber shape,
distance of fibers and number of fibers.
Advantages, Disadvantages, Risks Advantage: Only one major advantage, extends life increasing
chance of receiving organ transplant
Disadvantage: Money, artificial heart costs between $100000 to $300000
Risks: Surgery risks, immunosuppressives, machine failure
Works Cited http://www.kidney.org/patients/plu/plu_online_images/hemodiagram.jpg
http://digitalmarsh.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/abiocor-heart.jpghttp://www.jdrf.org/images/General_Images/Research/art_pancreas01.jpg
http://media.rd.com/rd/images/rdc/mag0803/medical-breakthrough-BioLung-af.jpg http://www.medgadget.com/archives/img/131113.jpg http://www.worldheart.com/images/product-vas.jpg http://www.ideaconnection.com/images/inventions/lg_wearable-artificial-kidney.jpg http://www.mc3corp.com/images/content/sidebar_images/Professional_BioLung_drawin.jpg What Is a Total Artificial Heart? . Total Artificial Heart. Retrieved November 18, 2009, from
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/tah/tah_what.html Update on Work on Artificial Lung Prototypes - Regenerative Medicine at the McGowan Institute.
Regenerative Medicine at the McGowan Institute. Retrieved November 19, 2009, from http://www.mirm.pitt.edu/news/article.asp?qEmpID=266
Type 1 Diabetes. University of Virginia Health System. Retrieved December 1, 2009, from http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/uvahealth/adult_diabetes/type1.cfm
People Like Us Live Web Series. (National Kidney Foundation. Retrieved December 1, 2009, from http://www.kidney.org/patients/plu/plu_hemo/pluo_3.cfm
MC3 Artificial Lung (Biolung). MC3 Artificial Lung (Biolung). Retrieved December 1, 2009, from :www.ele.uri.edu/courses/ele382/F07/Afeez_1.pdf
End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). University of Virginia Health System. Retrieved December 1, 2009, from http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/UVAHealth/adult_urology/endstage.cfm
Artificial Pancreas - iVillage Your Total Health. iVillage Your Total Health Home - iVillage Your Total Health. Retrieved December 1, 2009, from http://lymphomafocus.org/artificial-pancreas.html?pageNum=3
Artificial Heart Program Technology - Pulsatile Systems - Regenerative Medicine at the McGowan Institute. (n.d.). Regenerative Medicine at the McGowan Institute. Retrieved December 1, 2009, from http://www.mirm.pitt.edu/programs/medical_devices/ahp_technology3.asp