the making of the victorian...

Index

ABBREVIATIONS

archt architect(s)ob organ builder(s)orgt organistr registerPC Parish Church

For locations of particular organs, the reader should also consult section 3 of the List of References(pp. 548-64).

Italics denote the page reference of a stop list.

Abbott & Smith (ob) 291, 299, 300, 391Aberdeen, Music Hall 335action 31-2, 94, 230, 233-5Adams, Thomas (orgt) 60-1, 89, 90, 97, 104, 165aeoline (r) 378AlfretonPC (Derbys) 51Alkmaar, Holland 211Allen, Charles (ob) 52, 99-101, 305

see also: Everingham, Catholic ChapelAllen, William (ob) 49, 52Allom, Thomas (archt) 339Alton, Revd Henry 426Amersham, St Mary 101Amsterdam, Holland 128, 210Andrews, Joseph (ob) 300

see also'. Forster & AndrewsAntigua Cathedral 57antiquarianism 324, 327Antwerp, Belgium 175Armitage (Staffs), Mission Church 238Arnold, Dr Samuel (orgt) 17Arundel (Sussex):

RC Cathedral, 237, 244, 524St Nicholas 13, 17

Ashridge (Herts) 9, 11, 238, 444Elliot 1818: Buckingham's claim to have built

56; building frame 31; case 35, PI. 7;console PI. 9 and 11; layout 30-1;mixtures 47; open diapasons 12; pedalpipes 17, 19, 31; reeds 45; scaling 46,Table 5, 239; stop layout 40; swell box 33;wooden registers 43

Ashton-under-Lyne, St Michael and All Angels:Hill 1845: 189, 197, 198, 199, 205, 244, 367, 522case: 247, 248, PI. 32

Attercliffe (S. Yorks), Christ Church 351Attwood, Thomas (orgt) 49, 104, 164, 185Avery, John (ob) 4, 56, 97

diagonal bellows 26duplication of open diapason 11,12keyboards 35pedal pipes 15, 16, 19, 20retention of cornet 13

Bach, Johann Sebastian (orgt) 14, 141, 281, 341,

342, 343organ works: influence on Gauntlett 188;

influence on Hodges 153; influence ondesign of Pedal Organ 103, 105, 190;performance 89, 103, 153, 172-5, Table16, 183, 272, 273, 520—1; publication 168—72, Table 15; recovery 105, 164-72, 181,182

Banfield, John (ob) 260, 299Barker, Charles Spackman (ob) 125, 416

career 356, 530compensating bellows 355, Fig. 21development of electric action 360pneumatic lever: collaboration with Cavaille-

Coll 354—6; collaboration with Hill 354-5;development 352-6, Fig. 26

relief pallet 350, Fig. 21see also: electric action; pneumatic lever

Barnby, Sir Joseph (orgt) 322, 349

565

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566 Index

Baron, Revdjohn 317-20, 328barrel-organs 57, 58, 60, 62, 63-4, 65, 66, 189, 300bassoon (r) 44, 90, 91, 204, 246, 347, 522Bates, T. C. (ob) 58Bath (Avon):

AbbeySmith 1836: 95, 99, 109, 110, 155Hill 1868: 397, 405

St Mary, Bathwick 42, 44, 47Battle Abbey (Sussex) 100Bedford, Francis (archt) 75Belfast:

St Patrick 108Ulster Hall

Hill 1861: 375, 397, 398-401,39#-$, 406,407; case 400, PL 60; harmonic flutes 404;layout 400-1; mixtures 405-6, 410;opening 398; pedal compass 406;pipework 238, 407, 408-9, Tables 28 and29; reconstructions 401; reeds 407-8, 438;voicing 408; wind pressures 407-8

Victoria Hall 259bellows:

blowing: 27, 159, 362, 363; application ofsteam power 135, 139, 148, 362-3

diagonal bellows 25, 26horizontal bellows 23-5, 25-7, 53, 361-2innovations: concussions 53-4; counter-

balances 26; feeders 26, 361-2; invertedfolds 27, 53; reservoirs 362; waste pallet26-7, Fig. 2

Schulze's bellows (Doncaster) 367Berlin, Germany 128Berne, Switzerland 211Best, William Thomas (orgt) 272, 273, 343, 344-

8, 364, 432concert programmes 273; opens Preston 422;

orchestral transcriptions 345-6; organtutors 345, 346; puts Liverpool organ intoequal temperament 143; registration 346-8; specifications by 346-8; technique345-6

Bevington & Sons (ob) 58, 100, 115, 189, 194,257-8,259

see also: London (Greater London): FoundlingHospital, St Martin-in-the-Fields, StMary Moorfields; Nottingham,Mechanics' Institute

Bewsher & Fleetwood (ob) 50, 100, 108, 111, 300Biddulph, Revd Thomas 151Bidlake & Lovatt (archt) 252Binns, James J. (ob) 391bird organs 64Birmingham 57

British Association Meeting (1839) 352Christ Church 16, 20, 47

Music HallGray & Davison (1856): 279, 282-3, 286,

344, 389; pneumatic composition pedals365; sold to St Pancras PC 283, 339, 344;wind pressures 279

organ-building in 299, 300St Gregory, Small Heath 238, 246, 248, 253, 255St Martin 56St Philip 92Town Hall 57, 69, 87, 127-35,128-g, 183, 270,

274.299,341,342

Hill 1834: action 133-4; bells 519, 531;blowing 363; case 75, PL 14 and 15, 335;Combination Organ 130, 519;commissioning 127-8; compasses 95, 130;composition pedals 255, 365; console 133,253, 524; doubles 107, 108, 130;duplication n o , 130; layout 133-4, Fig.10; opening 89; Pedal Organ 99, 130, 133—4; pipework 130-1, Table 13; pneumaticlever 354, 356; reeds 113, 130, 131—3;Swell Organ 114, 115; winding 135, 362

Hill 1843: 189, 197, 198, 202; equaltemperament 373

compared with Liverpool organ: 139, 140,141competition for organistship (1842) 174Festivals 92, 130Mendelssohn's performances 164, 167, 172,

!73-45 176.255recitals 176-7, 272unexecuted scheme (1842) 193

Birnam (Perth), St Mary 305Bishop, James Chapman (ob) 49, 55, 58, 98-100,

108, 113, 141, 216, 300, 308, 432career 52-4, 305Durham Cathedral (1847) 314organs: introduction of claribella 53, 112;

invention of composition pedals 54, 365;adoption of concussion bellows 53—4;double dulciana 106; dulciana i n ;duplication 110—11; pedal pipes 102; reeds44, 52, 53, 91; winding 53-4

prices 64, 65premises 52, 59, 60workforce 62see also: London (City): St Paul's Cathedral;

London (Greater London): St Giles,Camberwell; St James, Bermondsey; StJohn, Waterloo Road; Newark (Notts), StMary Magdalene

Bishop & Starr (ob) 70Blackburn:

Independent Chapel 281, 373St Mary: Gray (1828, 1832) 55, 108, 115, 116,

447-8; Cavaille-Coll (1875) 376; HenrySmart (orgt) 277






Index 567

Blewitt, Jonas (orgt) 90block flute (r) 378Blomfield, Bishop 68Blore, Edward (archt) 82, 311, 417Blyth, Benjamin (ob) 18, 25, 87, 98Bodley, George Frederick (archt) 324, 528Bolton, Town Hall 335, 347-8, 488-gbombarde (r) 278, 280, 283, 433, 535Booth, Joseph and Francis (ob) 50, 100, 108, 114,

115experiments with pneumatic assistance 351—2,

353,359Booth, Matthew (ob) 50Bossward, E. J. (ob) 299Boston (Lines):

Centenary Chapel 267, 389St Botolph 107

Boston, USA 64Boston, John (ob) 50Boyle, Edward 311Bradford (W. Yorks):

Eastbrook Chapel: 189, 197, 235, 236, 238,243, 244; case 246, 247, 251, PI. 35

St George's Hall: Holt (1853) 339; Hill (1856)407

Bremen Cathedral 379Bridge, Richard (ob) 4,11, 44, 97Bridgewater, Earl of 56Brighton 52

St Peter 17-18Brindley, Charles (ob) 300, 304, 368, 526

Schulze's influence upon 299, 391-2see also: Brindley & Foster; Launceston,

Tasmania, Albert HallBrindley & Foster (ob) 339, 526

* Bristol:Cathedral 27, 98, 314Christ Church 99, i n , 154, 155, 156Lord Mayor's Chapel 95, 154, 155, 156organ-building in 49, 50, 150-9, 299, 300provision of organs in churches 67

compasses 96; octave coupler 159; PedalOrgan 99, 157; Swell Organ 158

St James 150, 151, 152-3, 457-8blowing 27, 159; mixtures 156; opening 152;

pedal arrangements 98, 102, 103, 157, 159;Swell Organ 116, 158

St Mary Redcliffe 14St Michael 17St Nicholas 150, 152-3, 153-4, 156St Stephen 99, 153, 154, 155, 156, 158-9, 173,

176, 458-9see also: Edward Hodges; John Smith (i);John

Smith (ii)Britton, John 82Broderick, Cuthbert (archt) 335

Bromsgrove, St John the Baptist 13, 19, 27Bromyard (Herefs), St Peter 67, 84, PI. 21Bruce, James (ob) 50Bryceson Bros (ob) 58, 59, 101, 354

introduction of electric action 360-1Buchholz of Berlin (ob) 379, 382Buckingham, A. (ob) 19, 20, 25, 26, 33, 98, 100

Ashridge organ 56foreman to A very and Elliot 56

Buckow of Hirschberg (ob) 379, 382Bunter,-?-(ob) 18Burford, Robert 308Burney, Dr Charles 5, 106, 163, 173Burrowes, John (orgt) 222Bury (Lanes), St Thomas 304, 390Bute, Earl of 26Butler, James (ob) 99Butterfield, William (archt) 323, 328, PL 49Byfield, John (I) (ob) 4, 5, 44, 262, 290

cabinet organ 300Calcutta, St John 189, 197Cambridge:

organs in parish churches 66, Table 7Camden Society 310, 311-13, 324Jesus College 327King's College: Avery (1803) 4, 16, 40, 99; Hill

(i860) 197, 247,363,397parish churches: 67; St Andrew-the-Less 327;

St Luke, Chesterton 245, 246; St Mary-the-Great 16, 327, 370

St John's College: Hill (1838) 57, 100, 108,n o , 112-13, 452-3; (1869) 397, 404,

4O5Trinity College: organ by Smith 5; Avery

(1801) 16; blowing apparatus (1819) 27;Gray (1836) 20, 55, 95, 99, 102, 104, 108,515; Hill (1870) 375,404

Camidge, Drjohn (orgt):use of pedals 97visit to continent 175and York organs 65, 109, 112, 118-27 (passim),

139,140, 163, 182, 290, 354, 371Camidge, Matthew (orgt) 119Camidge, Thomas Simpson (orgt) 119Canterbury Cathedral 101Carlisle Cathedral:

Avery (1806) 12, 31, 56Willis (1856) 261, 308, 335, 346, 366, 373, 414,

433, 437, 487-% 520Carpenter, Richard Cromwell (archt) 332Cashel Cathedral 100cathedrals:

location of organ 311-15; removal of screens312, 314-15; use of organ in service 70-1;use of two organs 313






568 IndexCavaille-Coll, Aristide (ob) 134, 147, 207, 267,

3O7?376, 382,414, 5 1 0

on Birmingham organ 130, 133, 135collaboration with Barker 354-6development of harmonic registers 280increasing pressure system 208, 278-80influence in England: 175, 178, 179, 274; on

Davison and Smart 278-80, 283-4; onLewis 305-6; on Willis 376, 416, 433-4

on Leeds Town Hall drawings 275work in British Isles 270, 275, 525

celestina (r) i nChaddesley Gorbett, St Cassian (Worcs) 45,

Table 4chamber organs 63, 64, 78chancel organs 317-20, 383Cheadle (Staffs), St Giles 209Chelmsford (Essex), St Mary the Virgin 11,16Cheltenham (Glos) 55, 68, 69Chester:

Cathedral 91, 95, 116, 177,332,^50-/St John 61, 108, 183, 184, 238, 239, 243, 262,

459-foChesterfield, St Mary and All Saints 95, 101, 105Chichester Cathedral 98, 314, 363Chichester, 'Collonell' 54Chipp, Edmund (orgt) 165, 272, 398Chippendale, Thomas 78choir bass 115Choir Organ:

action 32, Fig. 6case 31enclosure 116, 260in German System 193, 202, 203, 230-1, 242-

3,520musical use 30-1, 153-4, 264, 322, 415, 520tonal design 164, 322, 346, 393, 396, 404-5,

406, 407, 433, 520choir pedal 33choral service, in parish churches 315-17, 321-3

see also: parochial choirschurch band 66, 310Church Building Society 68churches:

building of new 67-9, 88, 310position of organs in 312-13, 315-20provision of organs for 65-70, 299-300

claribella (clarabella) (r) 115, 199, 280, 389, 437introduced by Bishop 53, 112

claribel flute (r) 112, 245, 433clarinet (clarionet) (r) 91, 198, 517clarion (r) 44, 198clarinet flute (r) 112, 280clear flute (r) 220Clifton (Avon):

Christ Church 101, 259

Holy Trinity 60-1,116St Andrew 154, 156-7Victoria Rooms 143, 372

Clitheroe (Lanes), St Michael (RC) 390Cockerell, Charles Robert (archt) 335Colchester (Essex) 67College of Organists (later RCO) 371Colne (Cambs), St Helen 26-7, Fig. 2Cologne, Germany 178, 210, 221combination action 148combination pedals (ventils) 283, 284, 286, 344,

366, 416combination pistons 344, 432, 433

introduction 365-6, 416; at Liverpool (1855):35> 345; a t S t P a u l ' s ( l 8 63) 3*5

compasses:establishment of C-compasses 150, 153, 154,

155, 181-5, 189, 202-5, 256-61, 261-70,Table 23

in concert organs 278, 284long compasses: 3, 95-6, Table 9, 97, 126, 135,

141-2, 155; desuetude 202, 256, 259pedal 190Swell 114-15upward extension 406

composition pedals 348, 365Bishop's 54, 365; Forster & Andrews's 301,

366; Smart's 277, 284-6, 366; pneumaticsapplied 365

Conacher, Peter (ob) 300, 304, 526concert flute (r) 277, 281, 437concert organ:

commissioning 271-2; Gray & Davison 274-91; equal temperament 371-2; influenceon church organ 281-2, 291, 314-15, 348-9, 412, 413-16; recitals 272-4

cone gamba (r) 199, 201, 239, 303, 389, 409—11,522

congregational singing 208, 258, 298, 310, 315,317-18,323,426

Bristol 152-3in cathedrals 312Gauntlett's views 190-1, 203-4, 426, 508-9see also: hymns; psalmody

console:detached consoles 303, 358, 360-1in 1820 35-40innovations 229, 246, 252-5, 367-71jambs: angled 300, 367-8; terraced 286, 368,

370; sloping 368overhanging keys 300, 370-1examples: Bolton 347; Doncaster 387; Leeds

286; Liverpool 345see also: combination piston; combination

pedals; composition pedals; keyboards;pedals; swell box (pedal); stop knobs






Index 569

contra fagotto (r) 198, 433contra gamba (r) 433, 434, 437, 440Cooper, George (i) (orgt) 55, 102, 103, 104, 114,

Bach revival 165, 177relations with Gauntlett 184

Cooper, George (ii) (orgt) 165, 167, 169, 172,182, 266, 291, 307, 524-5

cor anglais (corno inglese) (r) 303, 346, 347Cork , - ? - 100cornet (r):

desuetude 12-14, 115; scaling 42; supersededby claribella 93, 112; survival insesquialtera & cornet 45, 47; cornetvoluntary 13; York (i860) 405, 535

corno di bassetto (r) 281, 522corno-flute (r) 198, 199, 200, 204, 220, 264cornopean (r) 113, 220, 245, 518Cottenham (Cambs), All Saints 248Cotterill, Revd Thomas 73couplers:

manual 32-3; melody 103-4; octave 158, 159,277,278,280,281,284,291,297,303, 315,344; pedal 20, 32; pedal octave 157, 183,184, 258, 520; tumbler 33, 435; Willis's435-6

Courcelle, John (ob) 304Coventry & Hollier, music publishers 169, 170-1Cramer, Johann Baptist 175Cranbrook (Kent), St Dunstan 308, 432Crang & Hancock (ob) 11, 215cremona (r) 13, 44, 90-1, 93, 104, 115, 172, 198,

199, 200, 245-6crescendo (diminuendo) pedal 207, 277, 286,

367Crick (Northants), St Margaret 9, 11, 33, 238,

444-5Elliot (1819): action 31, 235; bellows 27;

building frame 31; case PI. 6, 35; coupler33; dulciana 42; layout 30, Fig. 5;mixtures 47; reeds 45; pipework 42, 46-7,Table 3, 239, 240, 245; Swell Organ 114;stop arrangement 40

see also: London (Greater London): ChapelRoyal, St James's Palace

cromorne (r) see cremonacromorne-flute (r) 198, 199Crotch, Dr William (orgt) 12, 88, 173, 176, 185Croydon (Surrey), St John the Baptist 11, 15, 16,

17, 97cuckoo feeder 26Cumming, Alexander (ob) 25-6, 27Cundy, Thomas (archt) 263Curwen, John Spencer 271

Davis, James (ob) 17, 35, 98, 107

see also: London (Greater London): St SaviourSouthwark; Stockport PC ; WymondhamAbbey

Davison, Frederick (ob) 115, 179, 396career: collaboration with Smart 164, 270,

274-91; partnership with Gray 55, 184,261; with Hill 56, 261; purchases MusicalWorld 521- 2; pupil of Wesley 182

organs: German System 159, 181, 182-5, 261 —70; Liverpool organ 141; 'Model Organ'(1843) 262-4; problems at Leeds 291

see also: Gray & Davison; Hill & Davison;Henry Smart

Demerara, St George's Cathedral 102Derby, All Saints 16, 19, 26, 27diaocton 159diapering, see organ caseDicker, H.J . (ob) 261Dickson, Canon W. E. 327Dobson, - ? - (ob) 17dolce (r) 378dolcan (r) 378, 381Donaldson, John (ob) 49, 515Doncaster (S. Yorks), St George

Buckingham (1823) 98Brindley (temporary organ) 391Schulze (1862): 178, 296, 297, 301, 305, 379,

386-8, 390, 392, 414, 490-2, 533; blowing387; console 387; inauguration 376;thunder stop 367

Done, Joshua (orgt) 13, 72, 91, 112doppel flute (r) 303, 378Dorchester (Dorset), St Peter 111Dorking (Surrey), St Martin 56double diapason (r) 19, 380

early examples 15, 51; Insular Movement 105—9, Table 12; scaling 106-7, 24°5 SwellOrgan 115, 433

double dulciana (r) 106, 111doubles, see double diapason; Pedal Organdoublette (r) 201, 243, 257Dragonetti, Domenico 169, 171, 521Dresden, Germany 210, 378Dublaine & Callinet (ob) 356Dublin:

St Audeon 57-8, 389Trinity College 100

Ducci of Florence (ob) 296Ducroquet of Paris (ob) 178, 274, 275, 296-7dulcet (r) 111dulciana (r) 3, 42, 109, n o , 111, 238, 257dulciana principal (r) 111dulciana mixture (r) 406Dundee, Kinnaird Hall 301, 304, 482-4duplication of registers 11-12,87, 109-n , 121,

122, 126, 155, 139-40, 182,432






Index

Durham Cathedral:Bishop (1844, J^47) 52? c a s e design by Wyatt

517; diapering 330; pedal arrangements(1815) 17-18, 19, 21

removal of choir screen (1847) 3J3j Willis(1876) 309,358

Eagles, James (ob) 320early music movement 340Easton-on-the-Hill PC (Northants) 260, 468-gEcclesiological movement 298, 310-23

on appearance of organ 312, 324, 327-32, 335location of organs: cathedrals 311-15; parish

churches 315-20,323, 380on musical character of service 321-3

echo dulciana cornet (r) 139, 199,201,203,210,220,221,231,257,405,433

Edgeley (Lanes?) 390Edinburgh:

organ-building 50Music Hall: case 251; Gauntlett's performance

(1843) 177, 195; Hill (1843) 189, 192, 193,196, 197, 199, 244, 461-2; unexecutedscheme 193

St John's Episcopal Church 352University, Music Room 397, 407

electric action 359-61Elgar, Sir Edward 342Elijah (Mendelssohn) 165Elliot, Thomas (ob) 9, 13, 33, 65, 238, 396, 442,

515career 55-7, 515-16organs: blowing 27; couplers 32; dulcianas 40,

i n ; duplication 12; mixtures 47, 243;pedal pipes 15, 16-17, 19; pedals 21;pipework 42, 43-4, 46-7, 95, 239; winding26, 27

premises 60see also: Ashridge; Elliot & Hill; William Hill;

St Cassian, Chaddesley Corbett; StMargaret, Crick; Scone Palace

Elliot & Hill (ob) 49, 55, 86, 98, 108, 112, 115,119,122,365,515

business 56-7, 65see also: Thomas Elliot; William Hill; London

(City), Christ's Hospital; Oldham PC;York Minster

Ely Cathedral:Elliot & Hill (1831) 56Hill (1851): 197; case 248, 311, 314, 332, PL 52;

removal of choir screen 311, 313winding 25

England, George (ob) 109England, George Pike (ob) 4, 11, 12, 13, 16, 18,

19, 20, 21, 25, 26, 42, 57, 70, 75, 81, 93, 96,111,442,515,518

England, John (ob) 51'English' block 43, Fig. 7Epsom (Surrey), St Martin and St John 259Erben, Henry (ob) 154Eton College Chapel 100, 101, 266-7, 330euphone (r) 304Evangelical movement 66, 151, 152-3, 310Evans, Wardle E. (ob) 307Everingham (Humbs), Catholic Chapel 52, 93,

449-5°action 93, Fig. 8; case PI. 13, 75; pedal

arrangements 99; pipework 94—5, Table 8Everton (Merseyside), St George 100, 111Ewell (Surrey), St Mary the Virgin 434Ewelme (Oxon), St Mary 189, 238, 248Exeter:

Cathedral 25, 105, 107, 152St David 17

extension, mechanical 301, 304, 378, 527

Fincham, John (ob) 304flageolet (r) 113, 199, 200-1, 245, 432flageolet organs 64, 300flauta amabilis (r) 378flautino (r) 378flauto traverso (flute traversiere) (r) 303, 390,

393, 433, 437Flight, Benjamin (i) (ob) 54, 58Flight, Benjamin (ii) (ob) 58-9, 189Flight, John (ob) 59, 87, 101, 331

see also: Tenbury, St Michael's CollegeFlight & Robson (ob) 16-17, 27> 51? 52? 58-9, 60,

61,275see also: London (Greater London):

ApolloniconFlowers, George French 178flute a pavilion (r) 283, 433, 437flute conique (r) 437flute d'amour 281, 390flute organs 64, 300flute-principal (r) 112flutes:

construction 42—4innovations: 1820s and 1830s 111 —13; post-

1840 163, 198, 199, 200-1, 220, 221, 257,301, 378, 381, 396, 404-5, 411, 437

foreign travel 175-80, 377Forster, James (ob) 300

see also: Forster & AndrewsForster & Andrews (ob) 127, 300-2, 304, 321, 339

career 301-2organs: influenced by Schuize 299, 300—1, 390;

innovations 300—1, 366-7, 368, 526see also: Dundee, Kinnaird Hall

Foster, John (ob) 208see also: Charles Brindley; Brindley & Foster






Index

Foxearth (Essex), St Peter and St Paul 335Framlingham (Suffolk), St Michael 324Frankfurt, Germany, St Paul 211Franklin, Joseph (archt) 248Fraser, J. W. 178, 202Freiburg Cathedral, Switzerland 175, 210French horn (r) 44, 91, 93, 113French organ-building, influence of 164, 211,

274-5, 278-80, 283-4, 290, 299, 376, 393,404,416,433-4

fugara (r) 378

Gainford (Co. Durham), St Mary 392gamba (r) 297, 305, 389, 438Gateshead (Tyne & Wear), St Mary 108Gauntlett, Revd Henry 185Gauntlett, Dr Henry John (orgt) 61, 150, 155,

185-95, Pi- 26, 296, 426, 508-10career: 185-7; editor of Musical World 187, 521-

2; foreign tours 175, 178, 179; relationswith Cooper 184

innovations in organ design: Anglo-Lutheranor Bach organ 189-91, 194; BirminghamTown Hall 127, 130; collaboration withHill 86, 87, 159, 163, 188-95, 196-205,207, 208, 216-22, 250, 253, 256-7, 261-2,250, 253, 256-7, 261-2, 281, 391, 397;with Lincoln 51, 367, 508-10; Concertoorgan 189-90, 191-5, 274; GermanSystem 181, 182, 183, 210, 211, 259;initiation of reforms 188-9; patent forelectric action 187, 194, 359-60

organist: Bach revival 166, 168, 169, 172, 173,176-7; Handel arrangements 192;Mendelssohn's influence 165; opening ofChester organ (1838) 184; organist forElijah (1846) 165; performance practiceJ95

gedact (lieblich gedact) (r) 297, 303, 305, 381,

3^9, 393, 396, 417, 432, 433, 437geigen (r) 297, 305, 381, 393gemshorn (r) 193, 199, 201, 239, 267, 389, 411,

433, 437German flute (r) 90, 112-13German organ-building, influence of 374-94,

395-6

see also: German System; Edmund SchulzeGerman System 87, 88, 96, 97, 105, 109, 136, 150,

163, 164, 181-214, 256-70, 290, 341Hill's work 215-55; inspiration 210-14; origins

181-5Gern, August (ob) 305Gersau, Switzerland 378Glasgow:

City Hall 271, 272, 278-81, 282, 286, 303, 341,

373,476-7

case 334; harmonic flutes 280; increasingpressure 278-80; pneumatic lever 280;Smart's recital 281

Public Hall 306glockenspiel (r) 193, 199, 201, 203, 405, 535Gloucester:

CathedralBishop (1831) 52, 99; Willis (1847) 89, 95,

i n , 308, 432; Wesley at (1865) 342;electric action for Festival organ (1868)361

Shire Hall 260Goss, Sir John (orgt) 435Goundry, John 360Grand Junction Railway 132Gravesend PC (Kent) 13Gray, John (ob) 12, 20, 49, 57, 62, 86, 98-9, 109,

3°5, 3O7, 363, 4*7, 432, 435-6, 44°business: premises 59, 60-1, 62-3; stock lists

62-3, 302; volume of work (1822-37) 63-4, Table 6, 516; workforce 62

career: 55; partnership with Davison 261;reputation as reed voicer 262

organs: cases 85; double dulciana 106; doubles107-8; enclosure 116; Exeter Hall Festival(1836) 181-2; Swell design 115, 116

see also: Gray & Davison; Bath, St Mary,Bathwick; Blackburn, St Mary; London(Greater London): St Pancras

Gray, Jonathan 119-27 {passim), 175Gray, Robert (i) (ob) 55, 58Gray, Robert (ii) (ob) 5Gray, William (ob) 5, 9, 13, 16—17, 55, 91, 442Gray & Davison (ob) 53, 55, 100-1, 116, 207,

261,301,362,426,437career and business: acquire Bewsher &

Fleetwod 300; exhibition hall 61; 281;Liverpool contract 143

innovations: C-compasses 266-7, Table 25;clarionet flute 112; concert organs 274-91;enclosed organ 266; German influences389; German System 259, 261-70;harmonic flutes 280; increasing pressures278-80; 'Model Organ' (1843) 262-4;pneumatic lever 280, 286; relief pallet 349;sforzando pedal 367; work compared withHill's 262, 264

organs: clarabella 112; composition pedals 365;equal temperament 373; high pressurereeds 281; layout 333; mixtures 282, 290,291; Pedal Organ 100-1, 102; reeds 262,264, 267, 290, 291; swell box 116, 363-4;Sw7ell Organ 264, 267, 291; tonalcharacteristics 262, 264, 267, 389; zincresonators 282

see also: Birmingham Music Hall; Bolton Town






572 IndexGray & Davison - cont

Hall; Chester Cathedral; Glasgow CityHall; Leeds Town Hall; London (GreaterLondon): Crystal Palace (1851, 1857); StAnne, Limehouse; St Paul,Knightsbridge; Nottingham, HalifaxPlace Wesleyan Chapel

Great Exhibition (1851) 91, 143, 307see also'. London (Greater London): Crystal

PalaceGreat Yarmouth (Norfolk), St Nicholas 16, 173,

176,277,521Green, Samuel (ob) 5, 6, 11, 16, 118, 119, 222,

4I4>5I5cases 79-81; compasses 96; dulcianas 111;

horizontal bellows 25-6; key coverings 35;mixtures 48; pipework 42, 87, 95

Green, Sarah (ob) 118Greenock (Strathclyde), Town Hall 301, 368Greenwood family (ob) 50, 359Gunton, Frederick (orgt) 177

Haarlem, Holland, St Bavo 89, 121, 128, 140,141, 175, 210, 211, 212-14, 221, 377, 386,

523Halifax:

All Souls 301, 366St John Baptist 47-8, 112, 202

Hall, Nelson (ob) 318Halmshaw & Sons (ob) 299Halstead (Essex), St Andrew 391Hamburg, Germany, 128, 175, 178, 210, 211, 378Hamilton, Adam (orgt) 178Hamilton, David (ob) 178, 179, 352-3, Fig. 24, 530Hamilton's Catechism of the Organ 72, 377

Handel, George Frederick 153, 164Commemoration (1784) 91Festivals (Crystal Palace) 91-2, 283

Hanley (Staffs), Bethsaida Chapel 390Harberton (Devon), St Andrew 358harmonica (r) 111-12harmonic flute (r) 194, 199, 208, 278, 280, 281,

283, 291, 297, 303, 305, 393, 404, 419, 432,

433. 434, 437harmonic piccolo (r) 437harmonic registers 135, 347, 416Harris, Renatus (ob) 3, 4, 6, 55, 155, 247Harrison, Arthur (ob) 109Harrison, Thomas Hugh (ob) 300, 304, 526Harrison & Harrison (ob) 420hautboy (r) 44, 91, 104, 115, 246, 347Hawkins, Sir John 4Hedgeland, William (ob) 305Helmore, Revd Thomas 152Henley-on-Thames (Oxon), St Mary the Virgin

260

Hereford Cathedral 16, 52, 112, 291, 314, 330Herefordshire, organs in churches of 67Higgins, Ann Maria 182HildebrandtJ.G. (ob)2iiHill, Dr Arthur George (ob) 522Hill, Thomas (ob) 224, 245, 260, 402

birth 516; works with father 395, 516; moves tonew factory 396; invention of relief pallet349, Fig. 20; conservatism 397

Hill, William (ob) frontispiece, 53, 87, 88-101,108, 115, 164, 260, 267, 299, 301, 311, 314,33°, 346, 348, 375, 376, 412, 417, 437,442-3

career and business: 56-7, 395; joins Elliot 56,516; becomes partner 9, 516; premises 59,60, 61, 396; workforce (1830s) 62, 396; lowprices 65, 516; partnership with Davison182, 184, 261, 521-2; work (1838-55)215-55; Circular (1841) 196, 51 o-11; workcompared with Gray & Davison's 262,264; foreign tours 179; Liverpool organ141, 143, 356, 363; German influences,post-1855 389, 396; work (1855-70) 395-411; death 395

German System: 181—5, 195—209, 215—55, 259,508-10, 511-13; collaboration withGauntlett 86, 159, 163, 187-95, 215—55,256, 257, 261-2, 281, 391, 508-10

innovations: 'Bach or Lutheran' plan 193; boxpallet 125, 349, Fig. 9, 519; equaltemperament 372, 373; flutes 113, 198,199, 200-1, 220, 221, 403, 411; high-pressure reed 132-3, 519-20; pneumaticlever 354, 355, 356, 357; radiating pedalboard 371; ratchet swell pedal 209;sforzando and crescendo pedals 367;totally enclosed organs 191, 208-9, Table20; winding 362, 633; zinc rolling machine124

organs: cases 246-53; clarabella 112;

composition pedals 365; consoles 252-5,323, 368; dulciana 106, 238; duplication109; layout and action 229-36; mixtures207, 240, 243-4, 395, 4t>3, 405-6; pipemetal 237, 395, 407; pipework 236-46,407-11; reeds 91, 111, 131-3, 198-200,208, 245-6, Table 24, 323, 395, 404, 407-8, Table 29, 411, 438, 518; soundboards235~6, 395, 396; stop knobs 368—70; stoplists (1856-70) 402-7; swell box 116, 231,363-4; wind pressures 236-7, 407-8

see also: Belfast, Ulster Hall; BirminghamTown Hall; Cambridge, St John's College;Edinburgh Music Hall; KidderminsterTown Hall; Liverpool, Great GeorgeStreet Chapel; London (City): Christ






Church, Newgate Street; St Mary-at-Hill;St Peter-upon-Cornhill; London (GreaterLondon): All Saints, Margaret Street;Crystal Palace (1851); Royal Penopticon;St John, Hyde Park Crescent;Manchester: Church of the Holy Name; StLuke, Cheetham Hill; Melbourne TownHall; St Albans Abbey; Sheffield, StPhilip; Stratford-upon-Avon, HolyTrinity; Worcester Cathedral; YorkMinster

Hill & Davison (ob) 56, 99, 108, 114, 115, 182-5,521-2

see also: Chester, Stjohn; London (GreaterLondon): Chapel Royal, St James'sPalace; Westminster Abbey, Coronationorgan

Hill & Son (ob) 56, 395-411, Table 26Hill, Norman & Beard 226, 229, 522Hill & Woodhouse (archt) 335Hodges, Dr Edward (orgt) 150-9, Plate 25, 173,

i76, 193career and views: 150-2; canticles 152; on

congregational singing 152-3, 190;influence of Bach 153; on pedals 20-1,102, 156-7; on shortcomings of organs

153-4innovations: 155-9; swell box 116, 158, 363;

Swell Organ 157-9; triple slat Venetianswell 158; typhus pedal 159

hohl-flute (r) 381, 389varieties: Hill's 199, 201, 238-9, 264, 512;

Kirtland & Jardine's 303; Lewis's 305Holdich, George Maydwell (ob) 58, 159, 259-60,

426see also: Easton-on-the-Hill PC; Lichfield

CathedralHolland, Henry (ob) 11Holmes, Edward (orgt) 165Holt, William (ob) 261, 339

innovations: hydraulic engine 363; relief pallet349, Fig. 18

Honington (Lines), St Wilfred 300Hope-Jones, Robert (ob) 194, 361, 522Hopkins, Dr Edward John (orgt) 165, 179, 390

career: 379; compares French and Englishorgans 274; foreign tours 178; reports onLeeds organ 291; Liverpool organ 142; onMendelssohn's playing 166

The Organ (1855): publication 296, 378, 379-83; influence 388-9; on claribella 112;equal temperament 371, 372; horizontalbellows 26; organ chamber 316-17, 320-1; review 316; soundboards 380

see also: E. F. RimbaultHopkins, John (orgt) 178

Index 573

horn (r) 90, 113, 115, 131, 133, 245, 246, 411,419, 518

Horn, Carl Friedrich (orgt) 169, 170, 172Howe, John (ob) 310Huddersfleld (W. Yorks):

Buxton Road Chapel 59, 258Highfield Chapel 57, 259St Peter 13

Hull (Humbs):Beverley Road Chapel 390Stjohn 16, 33St Stephen 209

Hullah, John 271Hulme (Manchester):

Holy Trinity 260, 303St Mary 237, 238, 240, 243, 245, 246, 405Zion Chapel 209

Hunter, Alfred (pipe maker) 304Hunter & Webb (ob) 305, 527hymns, introduction of 66, 70-1, 73, 88, 310, 315,

322

Hymns ancient and modern 322

imitative registers 12-14, 9°~3> lb^ 2O4~5? 2^6,29I,3Q5, 415>433>517

increasing pressure 208, 278-80, 281, 282, 283,284

Ingram, Eustace (ob) 305, 527Insular Movement 86-117, 118-49, I5°> I ^ 1 '

375,43!interludes 72-3, 322

Jackson, Richard (ob) 368Jacob, Benjamin (orgt) 18, 166, 169, 170, 172Jamaica Cathedral 57, 101Jardine, Frederick (ob) 302, 304

see also: Kirtland & JardineJardine, George (ob) 526-7

relief pallet 349, Fig. 19Jebb, Revdjohn 70, 71, 313Jones, Francis (ob) 101, 261Jones, Henry (ob) 305, 527Jordan family (ob) 3, 44, 105Joule, Benjamin (orgt) 303Joy, David 363Jullien, Louis 272—3

Keighley, Independent Chapel 301Kenilworth (Warks), St Nicholas 53keraulophon (r) 201, 264, 524Keswick, house organ 365keyboard 347

coverings 35; to play pedal pipes 19; touch 5,14

Kidderminster:St George 56






574 Index

Kidderminster — contTown Hall 197, 199, 205, 215, 227-9, 227~&->

406,411,454case 247, 251-2, PI. 31; layout and action

232-4, 235, Figs. 14 and 15; mixture 243,405; Pedal Organ 234, Fig. 16; pipework238-9, Table 23, 240; reeds 245-6;soundboards 228, 235, 236; stop knobs253-5; stopped diapasons 245; swell box229, 236; wind pressure 237

King's Lynn (Norfolk), St Margaret 3, 105Kington (Herefs) 67Kinlet (Worcs), St John Baptist 53, 112Kirkland, A. (ob) 8Kirkstall (W. Yorks), St Stephen 300Kirkwall, Earl of 27, 58Kirtland & Jardine (ob) 260, 300, 302-4, 390,

526French influence 299, 303-4; overhanging keys

304, 370; sforzando pedal 367see also: Manchester, St Peter

Kollman, A. F. G. (orgt) 14, 169, 170krum horn, see cremona

Lambourn (Berks), St Michael and All Angels

335, 435Lancaster (Lanes), St Mary 4, 404languids, see pipeworkLatrobe, Revd John Antes 18, 65, 72, 73Launceston, Tasmania, Albert Hall 392, 492-3layout 27-33, 229~34Ledbury (Herefs) 67Ledsam, - ? - 132Leeds:

organ-building in 50provision of organs in 69Brunswick Chapel 50, 530

case 75; controversy over 69; doubles 108Oxford Place Wesleyan Chapel 61, 69, 75, 95,

99St Peter 142St Peter's Chapel 50, 69, 95, 100, 108, 110, 114,

115Town Hall 270, 284-91, 344, 480-2

background: compared with Liverpool 140;competition for plans 284, 525; drawingssubmitted 275, PI. 43 and 45; rebuilt byAbbott & Smith (1898) 291; reception290-1; recitals 272; Willis's behaviour 309

description: case 335, PL 42; compositionpedals 284-6; console 286, PL 43, 368,371, 525; crescendo and diminuendopedals 367; Great Organ 290; hydraulicengines 362; increasing pressures 284;keyboard compass 284; Orchestral SoloOrgan 286-90, PL 45; pneumatic lever

284; reeds 284, 290; swell box 116, 364;winding 362

Leffler, Henry (orgt) 18, 19Leicester 299, 300

St Margaret 11St Mary 111

Leominster (Herefs) 67Lewis, Thomas Christopher (ob) 305—6, 320, 392—4

see also: London (Greater London): St Peter,Eaton Square

Lichfield Cathedral:Green (1789) 26, 35, 81Holdich (1861) 58, 260, 314, 469-70

lieblich organs 306, 320Lincoln Cathedral:

Allen (1826) 31, 49, 52, 82, PL 19Allen (1851) 101, 105Willis (1898) 433

Lincoln, Henry Cephas (ob) 49, 51-2, 98-9, 108,

Circular (1842) 257; collaboration withGauntlett 189, 257, 508-10

see also: London (Greater London): ChristChurch, Spitalfields; St George,Camberwell; Thaxted, St John Baptist

Lincoln, John (ob) 51Linnell, John 78Liverpool 50, 55, 132, 300

Great George Street Chapel 69, 189, 196, 197,198, 199, 203-5, 256, 467-8, 522

case 246, 247, 248-50, PL 34; compositionpedals 365; 'the English Haarlem organ'210; mixtures 243, 244; Pedal Organ 204;pipework 239, 240; reeds 113, 200, 204;swell box 236

Hope Street Chapel 282Mechanics' Institute 189, 197, 199, 510, 522Public Hall, Clayton Street 368St Francis Xavier 70, 267St George's Hall 87, 135-49, 2^r? 27°> 274,

280, 286, 308, 309, 345-6, 375, 414, 417,

432,437background: commissioning 143, 308;

completion 147, 296; concerts 273;contract 144-7; reconstruction (1867)536; Wesley's scheme (1846) 136-43, 343

description: blowing 363; case 335, PL 24;combination pistons 366, 531-2;compasses 95, 135, 136, 141-2; console139, 147, 368; duplication 109, 111, 139—40; Pedal Organ 101, 140-1; pipe metal138, 146; pipework 139-41, Table 14, 149,440, 441; pneumatic lever 146-7, 148, 284,357; reeds 138, 139, 279; swell box 116,139, 147, 363-4; temperament 135, 142-3,343, 372; winding 139, 147, 148, 362






Index 575

see also: W. T. Best; S. S. Wesley; Henry WillisSt Nicholas 55, 64, 108, 115St Paul, Toxteth Park i n , 260St Saviour 262

Llandaff Cathedral 291Lloyd, Charles (Lloyd & Dudgeon) (ob) 299LONDON

organ-builders 49, 50-9provision of organs in churches 67, 68City of London, organs:Christ Church, Newgate Street 57, 108

Elliot & Hill (1827-34): Bach performances173, 176; Gauntlett (orgt) 187, 188;Mendelssohn visits 166, 167, 173, 176;pedal board 102-3; pedal coupler 104;pedal pipes 98, 99, 102; Swell Organ 114,

115Hill (1838) 188, 189, 190, 196, 197, 202, 266,

463-4, 522; case PI. 27, 247; unexecutedscheme 202, 464-7

Christ's HospitalElliot & Hill (1830): 49, 57, 373; case 82;

compasses 95; cost 65; double dulciana108; duplication 110; flute-principal 112;pedal arrangements 98, 102; Swell Organ114,115

Crosby Hall 113, 177, 189St Andrew-by-the-Wardrobe 17-18St Andrew Undershaft 165St Bartholomew-the-Less 187St Dunstan-in-the-East 17, 55St Dunstan-in-the-West 59, 82, 99, 108, 114St Edmund, Lombard Street 53, 99, 114St Katharine-by-the-Tower 17-18, 48, 80

see also: London (Greater London): StKatherine, Regent's Park

St Katherine Coleman 71St Luke, Old Street 277-8St Mary Abchurch 111St Mary-at-Hill

Hill (1848): 165, 197, 199, 201, 205, 215,222-5, 223~4> 2 2^, 259? 4O25 blowing 230;case 223-4, 247-8, PI. 30; console 224,253, 255; contract 223-4; compositionpedals 365; fire (1988) 225; layout 229-30;mixtures 243-4; pipework 238-9, 240-1,Table 22, 245; soundboards 235; windpressure 237

St Mary Woolnoth 99St Matthew, Friday Street 17-18St Michael, Cornhill 258, 361St Olave Jewry 100St Paul's Cathedral

description of organpre-1826: 5, 6; pedals 14, 15, PL 4, 23;winding 25

Bishop (1826-54): 52, 54; pedalarrangements 98, 102

Willis (1863) 315Willis (1872) 309, 312, 368, 433, 434-5,503~5l tubular-pneumatic action 358-9;wind pressures 416, 436-7, 536

Mendelssohn visits 164-5, 173? ll§Panopticon organ placed in transept 312removal of choir screen 312, 313, 314, 315special Sunday evening services (1858) 312

St Peter-upon-Cornhill 113, 165, 197, 199Mendelssohn visits 165, 166, 167, 176-7Hill (1840): 189, 191, 196, 197, 198, 201,

203, 210, 215-22, 221-2, 228, 402, 523;case 219, PI. 29; console 219, 221, 253, PL36, 523; contract 218-20; layout 229, Figs.12 and 13; mixtures 243, 244; opening221; pedal chests 229; pipework 238, 239,Table 21, 240, 245; reeds 245-6;soundboards 235-6; swell box 229, 236;wind pressure 236-7

St Sepulchre, Holborn 165Bach performances at 176, 507Gray (1817-34) 17, 55, 98, 99, 102, 114, 115Gray & Davison (1849) 202, 225, 266, 524-5

St Stephen, Coleman Street 173, 176St Stephen Walbrook 98, 109St Swithun, London Stone 16St Vedast, Foster Lane 165, 259Temple Church 100, 317, 371, 379, 390

Dr Hopkins (orgt) 165, 379organ by Smith (1683-7) 5, 6, 385

Greater London, organs:Acre Lane Chapel, Clapham 106, 108Agricultural Hall, Islington 308, 341Alexandra Palace 270, 309, 366, 367, 370, 416,

417,434,507-^,536application of tubular-pneumatic action 358casework 335-6, PL 53

All Saints, Gordon Square 191, 209All Saints, Margaret Street 322, 323, 357, 368,

403, 407, 485-6All Saints, Notting Hill 187All Saints, Poplar 165All Souls, Langham Place (St Marylebone) 75,

9 8 .Apollonicon, St Martin's Lane 16, 58, 60, 90,

276-7,362,515Bedford Chapel 266Brompton Oratory 70Chapel Royal, St James's Palace

Elliot (1819) see Crick, St MargaretHill & Davison (1837) 57, 99, 102, 109, n o ,

114, 456-7Chapel Royal, Whitehall 16, 20, 47Christ Church, Camberwell 361






576 Index

Greater London - contChrist Church, St George's-in-the-East 262Christ Church, Spitalfields 165, 176

Bridge (1735) 11Lincoln (1837) 99, 103, 104, 108, 115

Covent Garden Theatre 11, 54Crystal Palace (Hyde Park/Sydenham)

Great Exhibition (1851): organ byDucroquet 296-7, 275, 356; Gray &Davison 116, 231, 267-70, PL 39 and 40,296, 475-6; Hill 209, 296, 356, 362, 364,511-1% Schulze 179, 297, 371, 383, 386,489-90; Willis i n , 148, 296, 308, 357, 364,365-6, 37^ 417-21, 432, 433, 437, 439~40, 453-5

Handel Festival organ (1857) 91-2, 282,

284, 286, 304, 334-5, 477-9International Exhibition (1862): organ by

Forster & Andrews 367, 368, 390; Willis58, 351, 365, 366, 368, 371, 389, 416, 434,

436, 437. 536proposal for permanent organ (1853) 211

Exeter Hall, Strand 271Festival organ (1836) 181-2Walker (1839): 57, 448-9; case 75; doubles

108; Mendelssohn visits 167, 176; PedalOrgan 100, 105, 183; pneumatic lever 356;Swell 115

Foundling Hospital 11, 58, 106, 258German (Lutheran) Church, Savoy 15Hanover Square, concert rooms, 16, 61, 172,176Holy Trinity, Brompton 102Holy Trinity, Gray's Inn Road 57Holy Trinity, Newington/Southwark 44, 51,

108Holy Trinity, Paddington 100Holy Trinity, St Marylebone 98Holy Trinity, Sydenham 405, 407, 408-11Jesuit Church, Farm Street 373King's College, Strand 335, 366Lincoln's Inn Chapel 165, 197, 205, 237, 362,

368, 403Philanthropic Society Chapel, Southwark 64,

116Portland Chapel 209Portuguese Chapel 19, 20, 70, 172Royal Albert Hall, Kensington 270, 309, 415,

416,417case 335-8; console 370, PL 57; French

influence 434; pipe metal 436, 437-8;pneumatic shutter control 365; sforzandopedal 367

Royal Panopticon of Science and Art, LeicesterSquare 143, 197, 198, 199, 205-8, PL 28,210, 212-14, 280, 286, 303, 345, 346, 398,417,522

description: blowing 363; compositionpedals 365; consoles 206; crescendo anddiminuendo pedals 367; equaltemperament 372, 373; mixtures 207, 244;pneumatic lever 356; reeds 208, 237, 279,403, 407; soundboards 235

St Andrew, Wells Street 199, 208, 209, 323St Anne, Limehouse

rebuilt Russell (1811) 4, 15, 16, 19, 97Gray & Davison (1851): 267-70, 475-6;

action 233, 235; case 333-4, PL 39;console 267, PL 40; couplers 435; layout233, 268-70; reeds 267; swell box 267-8;winding 267

St Barnabas, Kensington 259, 388St Barnabas, Pimlico 59, 95, 101St Barnabas, Stockwell 209St Clement Danes, Strand 248St Dunstan, Stepney 4St George, Bloomsbury 11St George, Camberwell 51, 68, 75, PL 16, 98,

106, 108

St George, Hanover Square 13St George, Southwark 16St George, Tufnell Park 361St George's Cathedral (RC), Southwark

110-11

St Giles, Camberwell 53, 100, 110—11, 446-7St James, Bermondsey 52-3, 68, 445-6

audition for organist (1829) 173, 17^description: case 75, PL 18; console PL 23,

103; duplication 109; Pedal Organ 98,102, 103; reeds 44, 52, 91, 113; Swellcompass 52, 114

opening 103, 173, 176St James, Clapham 108St James, Clerkenwell nSt James, Piccadilly 53St James's Hall 283, 334St John's Chapel, Bedford Row, see Thaxted,

St John the BaptistSt John, Hackney 98St John, Hampstead 432St John, Hyde Park Crescent, Paddington 401-

p, PI. 61,406, 407, 534description: mixture 405; pipework 407,

Table 27, 408-9, Table 29; wind pressure407

St John, Waterloo Road 53, 54, 75, PL 17, 98,102

St John's Wood Chapel 100St Katherine, Regent's Park 168, 176, 507

see also: London (City): StKatharine-by-the-Tower

St Luke, Chelsea 68, 75, 98, 110, 114, 115, 451-






St Margaret, Westminster 4, 12, 16, 26St Mark, Clerkenwell 108St Mark, Kennington 55St Mark, Old Street Road 320St Mark, St John's Wood 266St Martin-in-the-Fields, Trafalgar Square

Gray (1800) 91Bevington (1854) 58, 257-8; case 339, PL 54

St Marylebone PC 13, 17, 55, 91St Mary Moorfields (RC) 58, 70, 108, 110,

114, 115St Mary, Stoke Newington 291St Mary, Walthamstow 100St Mary, Wanstead 209St Mary, Whitechapel 17

see also: Cambridge, St Luke, ChestertonSt Mary Magdalene, Islington 19, 75St Mary Magdalene, Munster Square 316St Mary Magdalene, Peckham 102St Matthias, Stoke Newington 308, 322, 432St Michael, Chester Square 59, 258, 259St Michael, Highgate 174, 177St Olave, Southwark 51, 165, 187, 189, 190-1,

194, 196, 208, 257, 367, 508-10, 524St Pancras PC

Gray (1822) 55, 64, 68, 91, 98, 102, 107Smart appointed organist (1865) 277acquires Birmingham organ 282-3, 339? PI-

55> 344, 529see also: Birmingham Music Hall

St Patrick, Soho 16St Paul, Covent Garden 91, 258St Paul, Knightsbridge 262-4, PI. 37, 472-4St Peter, Eaton Square 306, 392, 393-4, 493-5St Peter, Saffron Hill 57St Peter, Walworth 51, 98, 108St Philip, Regent Street 277St Philip, Waterloo Place 99, 107St Saviour, Southwark (Southwark Cathedral)

15, 17, 18, 20, 114, 306St Stephen, Hampstead 368, 434, 435, 436,

44I>535St Stephen, Islington 209St Stephen, Regent's Park 321St Stephen, South Lambeth 368St Thomas the Rolls Chapel 189Surrey Chapel, Blackfriars Road 17-18, 172,

I91, 3O7,522Surrey Institution 173, 176Theatre Royal, Drury Lane 360Union Chapel, Islington

Gray & Davison (1852) 426Gauntlett (orgt) 187, 190, 426Willis (1877): 426-32, 428-31, 535; action

435, Figs. 29 and 30, 358, 359; console368, PI. 56, 431; mixtures 440; pipework

Index 577

441, Table 34; wind pressures 437Wesleyan Chapel, Poplar 197, 199, 205Westminster Abbey:

Shrider's organ 6; introduction of pedalpipes 15, 16, 19, 98, 102; use of box pallet125; case by Blore (1833) 82, 311;Coronation organ (1838) 183-4; Hill'sreconstruction (1848) 95, 198, 522; equaltemperament 371; Willis's proposal(1^79)415

long movement 31Loosemore, John (ob) 105Louth, St James 291Lowther Castle 111Liibeck, Germany 178Lucerne, Switzerland 211Ludlow (Salop), St Laurence 291Ludwigsburg, Germany 178Lulworth Castle, Catholic Chapel 70Lymm (Cheshire) 321

Macclesfield (Cheshire), St George 108McKorkell, Charles (orgt) 179, 373Manchester:

organ-building 49, 300, 302-4Cathedral 332Church of the Holy Name 404, 407,500-/Emmanuel Church, Barlow Moor 302Free Trade Hall 304, 363, 390Henshaw's Blind Asylum 390Radnor Street Chapel 209St Luke, Cheetham Hill 189, 197, 198, 199,

201, 202-3,205,245,466-7St Peter 260, 303-4, 390, 484-5St Thomas, Radcliffe 396, 408Town Hall 270, 376

Mander, N. P. (ob) 401Marsh, John 13Marshall, Frederick 203, 522Melbourne, Australia, Town Hall 395, 404, 406,

407, 497-8Mendelssohn, Felix

promotion of Bach: performances of organworks 89, 164-8, 173-5, 176-7;publication 170, 171-2

influence in England: on Gauntlett 165, 187;on organ design 164, 181, 183, 255; onorganists 165; plays at Cornhill 165, 222,253; publishes Sonatas 166; registration166; technique 166

metal, see pipeworkMethodists, use of organs 69, 516-17Miller, A. T. (ob) 299, 320mixtures 13

design: affected by adoption of equaltemperament 244, 282; composition 47-8,






578 Index

mixtures - cont94, 381, 388, 405-6, 534; German System190, 198, 199, 201, 207, 243-4, 257; inGray & Davison's work, 282, 290, 291;Hodges's proposals 154, 156; lateinnovations 301, 381, 388, 392, 396, 405-6; in Willis's work 306, 433, 434, 440

disaffection with (1880s) 388Monday, Joseph (ob) 155, 299Monk, Alfred (ob) 305Monk, Dr Edwin George (orgt) 127, 368, 404,

405, 4*5Montreal Cathedral, Canada, 16, 31, 47, 404Moore, Joseph 128, 178Moscheles, Ignaz 178Mounsey, Ann (orgt) 165, 259Mounsey, Elizabeth (orgt) 165, 166, 520-1Miiller, Christian (ob) 211Miiller, J. C. B. (ob) 379, 382Muir, Wood & Co. (ob) see Wood, Small & Co.Munich, Germany 127Musical World 187, 521-2

nachthorn (r) 378Nash, John (archt) 75Neale, John Mason 311, 313Neukomm, Sigismund (orgt) 89, 127, 128, 130Newark (Notts), St Mary Magdalene:

England (1804) 4, 16, 81Bishop (1835) 53,91, 93-4, 99, 112Willis (1866) 365

Newcastle-upon-Tyne:provision of organs in 67St Andrew 108St Mary's Cathedral (RG) 306, 393St Thomas 108, 111Town Hall 283-4, 334-5

Newfoundland, St John's Cathedral 258New York, USA 158

Trinity Church 152, 154, 157Nicholl, Sir John 65, 67Nicholls, William Alfred (ob) 17, 98, 107, 114,

" 5see also: London (Greater London): St Luke,

ChelseaNicholson, John (ob) 260, 299

see also: Worcester, Shire HallNicholson, Richard (ob) 108Nicholson, Thomas Haigh (ob) 299nicking, see pipeworknonconformists:

adoption of organs 69-70cases 75, 248—51, 339

Norman, E. W. (ob) 299Norman & Beard (ob) 236, 522

Northampton:All Saints 198, 205, 373Exchange Rooms 179, 297, 380, 383—6, PI. 59,

533Norwich:

provision of organs 66Cathedral 52, 112

Nottingham:organ-building 299, 300Halifax Place Wesleyan Chapel 265, PI. 38,

474-5Holy Trinity 100Mechanics' Institute

Bevington (1849) 58, 189, 194, 257, 462-3Hill (1869) 404

Stjames 15, 16St Mary 25, 100, 332St Peter 98

Novello,J. Alfred (music publisher) 128, 171Novello, Vincent 70, 113, 127, 128, 142, 178

foreign tour (1829) 175performance of Bach 172-3, 176publishes Bach 165, 169, 170

Oakeley, Revd Frederick 152oboe (r) 44, 91,517oboe-flute (r) 199, 200, Fig. 11, 220, 245octave claribella (r) 112octave clarion 131, 304Ohrmann & Nutt (ob) 516Oldham (Greater Manchester):

Parish Church 57, 106, 108, n o , 113, Table11, 239, 240, 365

Stjames 108St Thomas, Werneth 304

Old Radnor (Powys), St Stephen 324Olney (Bucks), 183, 185Ombersley (Worcs), St Andrew 85, PI. 22open diapason (r)

characteristics 5, 19, 90duplication 11-12, 15, 109, 113, 119scaling 45, 46-7, 183, 239, 240, 441

ophicleide (r) 131-3, 193, 198, 286, 434oratorio 91-3, 322organ-builders 49-59, 298-310

apprenticeship 61-2; businesses 59-65, 301,304, 305, 375-6; criticism of English 297,374-6; provincial organ-builders 298-304;standardisation of production 62-3, 302,304; trade suppliers 304; workforce 62,299; workshop 60-2, 299, 301-2

organ case 33-5, 67, 73-85, 323-39diapering of pipes 330-2; Hill's cases 246-53;

increased size in 1840s 229, 246-7;Scudamore organs 318-19;standardisation of designs 50, 84






Index 579

organ chamber 316-17, 320-1organists:

commission paid to 65; duties 71-2; foreigntravel 175-80, 377

organo harmonica 307—8organs:

use-in Divine Service 70—3, 310—11location of, in churches 310-20, 321-3, 358-9musical use 89, 340-9orchestral effects 90-3, 192-5, 206-7, 260,

270-4, 277, 286-7, 341, 345-8, 375,413-16

provision of, in churches 65-70, 310Ouseley, Sir Frederick Arthur Gore (orgt) 59,

K>5, 179, 377Oxford:

Christ Church Cathedral 52, 101Magdalen College 279, 281, 373St Mary 5Wadham College 437,505

pallets 14, 86, 235-6, 296relief pallets: 349-51, 512; Hill's 'box' pallet

125, Fig. 9, 133, 235, 349, 519; Willis'scylindrical pedal valve 148, 349

Pardoe, — ?— 227Paris 175, 178, 179, 278

Exhibition (1867) 358, 360La Madeleine 179, 211, 274, 352St-Augustin 360St-Sulpice 210, 248, 250, 274, 416, 437

Parker, Richard (ob) 49Parker, Thomas (ob) 11, 106parochial choirs:

growth of 298, 310, 320, 321-3position 313, 315-18organ to accompany 321-3see also: choral service; parochial service

parochial service 152-3, 315-18, 320, 321-3Parratt, Sir Walter (orgt) 345Parry, Sir C. Hubert 342Paulinzelle, Germany 178Paxton, Joseph 295Pearson, John Loughborough (archt) 324, 528pedals:

construction: 96, 164; brass pedals 156-7;design of pedal board 226, 255, 301, 345,

371

introduction 4, 14-15, Table 10, 102-3, r54types: German pedals 20-2; toe pedals 21

pedal couplers, see couplersPedal Organ:

pedal pipes: 14-20, 87, 96-105, Table 10, 106,109, 131, 140-1; construction 43;drawstop for 20; dwarf pipes 19—20;scaling 19—20

design: action 234; compass 22, Table 10, 190,221, 258, 265, 406; German System 182-5,190, 192, 193, 194, 197—8, 202-5, 209,242, 256, 260, 262, 264, 265, 266; otherinnovations 86, 95-105, 150, 153, 156-7,348, 387> 393> 4°3-4> 4o6> 4335 location

31, 231-2, 234; manual keyboard 103,122,130, 155, 157, 203, 204, 264; mixtures 244;winding 25, 54; York Minster 121-2, 125

musical use: 104-5, 181-209 {passim)Perkins, C. W. (orgt) 130Pershore Abbey (Worcs) 108Peschard, Dr Albert 355, 360Peterborough Cathedral 52, 82, 397, 403physharmonica (r) 378pianoforte organ 64piccolo (r) 199, 200-1, 245, 281piccolo organs 300Pilcher, Wfilliam (ob) 98Pinto, George Frederick 172pipework 40-8, 384

decoration 330-2; languids 47, 238, 408, 441;metal 40, 237, 407, 436; metal flutes 43-4;nicking 45, 46, 238-9, Fig. 17, 408, 440-1;new constructions 163; scaling 40, 42-7,93, 127, 236-46, 239-43, 302, 408-11,439-40; slotting 306, 433-4, 440- 1;voicing 238-9, 408, 440-1; wood registers42-3,200-1,404-5,437

Pittman, Josiah (orgt) 61, 103, 165, 176, 178plainsong, revival of 152-3, 315, 322-3Plymouth (Devon), St Andrew 108pneumatic lever 281, 291, 296, 297, 300, 315,

35!-7,4J4history: Booth's experiments 351-2; Hamilton

352-3; Barker 126, 352-6; earliest use inEngland 356-7,531

application: Cavaille-Coll 135, 356; Gray &Davison 280, 281, 284; in Liverpool organ135, 345; in Panopticon organ 207; stopaction 356, 512; swell shutters 364-5

importance 234, 346see also: Charles Spackman Barker;

combination pistons; tubular-pneumaticaction; Henry Willis

Pole, William 296, 511-13portunai (r) 378posaune (r) 113, 131, 132, 191, 198, 245, 262, 433positif organ 382Preston (Kent), St Mildred 320Preston (Lanes):

St George 308, 335, 421-6, 422-3, 434casework PL 63; console 370, PI. 64; layout

and action 435-6, Figs. 27 and 28;mixtures 440; pipe metal 436; pipeworkTable 32, 440; wind pressure 436






580 Index

Preston (Lanes) - contSt Walburgh 70, 205, 373unidentified location 32, Fig. 6

Prout, Ebenezer (orgt) 426psalmody 71, 72-3, 190-1Pugin, Augustus Charles 82Pugin, Augustus Welby Northmore (archt) 317Pulbrook, Edwin Horsell 358Pyne, Kendrick (orgt) 272

quintaton 378

Radley College (Oxon) 179Radnor, Earl of 311railways 132Rea, William (orgt) 165, 178, 272Reading:

St Mary 17Town Hall 308, Table 33, 440,505-6, 536

Redhill, St John 51reeds:

construction: 5—6, 44-5, Table 4; free reeds283, 297, 304, 378; harmonic resonators283, 290, 303, 433, 434; horizontaldisposition 208, 281, 283, 286, 323, 400,406, 525; shallots 44, 245-6, 246, 411, 416,

438innovations in design and use: German System

197, 198-200, 204-5, 208, 221, 245-6,257; Insular Movement 25, 111, 113-14,131-3, 163

innovations in winding: application of distinctpressures 237, 291, 297, 315, 392, 393,407-8, 416; high pressure 131-3, 148-9,204, 205, 208, 279, 281, 283, 407, 434,519-20; increasing pressures 278-80, 284

in work of individual builders: Gray 262, 290;Hill 404, 406, 411; Lewis 305-6; Schulze388, 392; Willis 306, 376, 416, 420-1, 432,433> 434> 437-8, 535

Rees's Cyclopaedia 4-6, 96, PL 4 and 5on action 31; key coverings 35; long movement

31; pedals 22-3; pipework 40, PL 12; reeds44; solo voluntary 13; winding 23-5

registration 89-90, 166, 322, 341-9Renn, Samuel (ob) 50, 57, 61, 84, 108, 302, 303Richardson, W. E. (ob) 300, 526Rimbault, Edward Francis 313, 379, 532-3

see also: E. J. HopkinsRinck, Johann Christian Heinrich (orgt) 178Ripon Cathedral 306, 332Robinson, Thomas (ob) 50Robson, Joseph (ob) 58-9, 99Robson T. J. F. (ob) 59, 108, 114, 132, 258-9Rogers, Jeremiah 174, 176, 178-9, 377, 379, 386Rogers, W. G. 248

rohr-flute (rohrflote) (r) 193, 303, 305, 378, 389,

4°4> 437Roman Catholics, and organs 70romanticism 88—9, 310Romsey Abbey (Hants) 57, 259Ross-on-Wye (Herefs) 67Rotherham (S. Yorks), All Saints 35Rotterdam, Holland 140, 175, 210, 211, 386Runcorn (Cheshire) 390Rushworth & Dreaper (ob) 222, 402Russell, Hugh (ob) 4, 9, 15, 16, 51

see also: London (Greater London): St Anne,Limehouse

Russell, Timothy (ob) 49, 51, 52, 108, 305Russell, William (orgt) 89, 104

St Albans Abbey (Herts):Gray (1817) 17Hill (1861) 396, 397, 402, 404, 405, 406,

499-500St Asaph Cathedral 404St David's Cathedral 52, 257St-Denis 135, 179, 211, 274, 354St Neots (Cambs), St Mary 260St Petersburg, Russia, 132, 189Saint-Saens, Charles Camille 283salcional (salicional) (r) 199, 201, 239, 303, 438Salisbury Cathedral:

Green (1792) 81Blyth(i823)98Willis (1877): 309; casework 335; console 368,

370; location 311; pipework 436, 441;tubular-pneumatic action 358-9

Salon, France 360Savage, James (archt) 75, 248scaling, see pipeworkSchneider, Johann, Christian Friedrich (orgt) 178Schnitger, Arp (ob) 211Schulze, Edmund (ob) 87, 178, 179, 379, 383-8,

P1- 58. 437, 533reception in England: 297, 321, 376; influence

on Dr Hopkins 379; on Lewis 305-6, 392-4; on Yorkshire builders 299, 300-1; workin England 533-4

reeds 388,392,393compared with Willis 374-5, 412-14, 417see also: Doncaster, St George; London (Greater

London): Crystal Palace (1851)Schulze, J. F. (ob) 383Scone Palace (Perth) 9

blowing 27; dulciana 42; flutes 42-3; layout 30;mixtures 47-8; pedals PL 2, 21, 22; pedalpipes 16, 19, 31; reeds 45; scaling 46;shifting movement 33

Scott, Sir George Gilbert (archt) 61, 248, 311,

314,330,332-3






Scudamore organs 317-20, 328Seede, Brice and Richard (ob) 49Seidel, J. J. (orgt) 372, 378-9, 388Selby Abbey (N. Yorks) 108sesquialtra & cornet (r) 13Sevenoaks (Kent), St Nicholas 11, 16, 35Seville Cathedral, Spain, 178, 210sforzando pedal 267, 268, 284, 367shallots see reedsSharpe, Lancelot (orgt) 71Shaw, John (i) (archt) 82Sheffield:

organs in nonconformist chapels 69Albert Hall 270, 376St John, Chapeltown 392St Philip 189, 196, 197, 199, 203St Paul 73St Peter 16,20,81Wesleyan Chapel 174, 176

Sherborne Abbey (Dorset) 282, 332, PI. 51shifting movement 33Shrewsbury 67Shrider, Christopher (ob) 6Silbermann, Andreas (ob) 210, 211Silbermann, Gottfried (ob) 383simplification system 127, 302, 304, 378, 380Sleaford (Lines), St Denis 35Smart, Sir George (orgt) 183, 277Smart, Henry (orgt) 190, PL 41, 379, 387

career: 275-7; visits Cavaille-Coll 179, 278;collaboration with Davison 164, 270, 274-91; compositions 343-4; French influence277-90; Glasgow organ 278-81; inventsadjustable pedal 284-6, 366; Leeds organ284-90, 309; St Luke's, Old Street 277-8;rebukes Gray & Davison 266; registration344

views on: Bevington 258; English organs 234,341; increasing pressure system 278-9;location of organs 315-16; octave couplers280; Panopticon organ 207-8, 235, 362,403; pipe metal 237; Robson 259;Sherborne case 282, 332

Smirke, Sir Robert (archt) 82, 311Smith, Bernard (ob) 3, 4, 5, 6, 25, 40, 55, 215,

216, 222, 238, 247, 248, 310, 327, 385, 414Smith, John (i) (ob) 17, 27, 50, 98-9, 150-9, 299

see also: Bristol, St James; Edward HodgesSmith,John(ii)99, 150, 155

see also: Bristol, St StephenSnetzler, John (ob) 5, 25, 35, 44, 47-8, 56, 86,

105,515-16Solo Organ 193-4, 404, 406-7, 419

at: Bolton Town Hall 347; Holy Trinity,Hulme 303; Leeds Town Hall 286-90;Panopticon 208

Index 581

soundboards 25, 235-6, 302, 349, 380, 392, 396Southwell Minster (Notts) 98Spark, Dr William (orgt)

and Leeds Town Hall 272, 284, 290-1, 309views on: Choir Organ 322; Doncaster organ

387-8; electric action 360; French organs274

Speechley, Henry (ob) 305, 527Sperling, Revd John Hanson 327, 330spitz-flute (spitzflote) (r) 303, 378, 381, 389, 404-

5,437Stainer, Sir John (orgt) 322, 348, 435Stalybridge (Greater Manchester), St Paul 189,

208, 209, 522Stamford (Lines) 67Stanwix (Cumbria), St Michael and All Angels

189, 191,208, 209still gedact (r) 390Stimpson, James (orgt) 167, 169, 172, 177, 255Stirling, Elizabeth (orgt) 165, 168, 170, 173-4,

176, 507-8Stockport (Greater Manchester) 50

Parish Church 16,98, 102, 107St Thomas 108Sunday School 13, 16, 47

stop knobs:arrangement 35-40, 253-5, 286, 323, 368-70design 35-8, 253, 368-70, 524

stopped diapason (r) 5, 42, 43-4, 245, 404-5, 437Strasburg Cathedral, Alsace 210, 248, 314, 322Stratford-upon-Avon (Warks), Holy Trinity 189,

197, 198, 199, 203, 204, 205, 244, 247, 256strings 135, 347, 378, 381, 406, 417, 432, 433

innovations: 1840s 198, 199, 201, 228-9, 264;Schuize's influence 301, 396

Sturgeon, William 359suabe-flute (r) 199, 200, 220, 245, 303, 404Sullivan, Sir Arthur 271, 322, 349Sutton, Revd Frederick Heathcote 323-7, 333,

528,529Church Organs (1872) 323-4, PI. 47 and 48criticism of ecclesiological cases 328

Sutton, Sir John 35, 529on early Gothic Revival cases 73-4, 81-2Short Account (1847) 327

swell box:construction: 116-17, 229> 2 3^ , 286, 363-5;

'cottage' boxes 231, 236; 'nag's head' 33;shutters 158, 236, 267—8, 296, 363—5;Venetian swell 33, 515

increased powers of expression 89, 363-4swell pedal 209, 236, 364, 513

Swell Organ 3, 14, 28-9compass 106, 114-15, 264development: German System 192-3, 194,

197-8, 202, 203, 204, 221, 229, 241, 245-






582 IndexSwell Organ - cont

6, 256, 431, 520; post-1850 260, 291, 304,308, 346, 378, 381-2, 390, 403, 404, 405-6, 407—8, 415, 432; Insular Movement114-17, 150, 157-9

double diapason 106musical use 71, 520

Swiss cromorne-flute (r) 199, 200Sydney, Australia

St Andrew's Cathedral 405, 407Town Hall 397

Taunton (Somerset)Holy Trinity 235, 237, 237, 238, 239, 243, 246

case 248, PI. 33St John 308, 335, 436

Taylor, S. (ob) 299Telford, William (ob) 100, 179temperament:

adoption of equal 135, 142-3, 304, 371-2retention of unequal 281, 282, 371-3affecting mixtures 244, 405

Tenbury (Worcs), St Michael's College 59, 87,95, 101, 105

casework 330, PL 50Tewkesbury Abbey (Glos) 308Thalberg, Sigismond (pianist) 345Thaxted (Essex), St John the Baptist 6-11, / / ,

!3, 33, 51,55,57,94action 31-2; case PL 1, 35, 339; console 35-40,

PL 8 and 10; couplers 32; dulciana 42;duplication 12; flutes 44; frame 31; layout27-31, Figs. 3 and 4, 230; mixtures 47-8;pedals 21, PL 3; pedal pipes 14, 19, 98;pipework 10, Table 1, 40, 45-7; reeds 44;winding 23, Fig. 1, 26

thunder pedal 159tierce (r) 243, 264, 405, 440Tiverton (Devon), St Peter 434, 435, 436, 441Topfer, J. G. (theorist) 304, 383, 389, 390, 392,

533Toronto, Canada, 152totally enclosed organs 191, 208-9, Table 20Totnes (Devon), St Mary 358town halls 67, 270-1Tractarian movement 310, 316, 321, 322-3

see also; Ecclesiological movement; parochialservice; plainsong, revival of

transcriptions 90-3Trelowarren (Cornwall) 58tremulant 267, 277-8, 280, 281, 284, 291, 303,

344, 347Trinidad Cathedral 265tromba (r) 281, 283, 433trombone (r) 113, 131, 132, 181, 184, 198, 245,

323, 433

trumpet (r):character and construction: 5, 44, Table 4, 91,

115; made by Gray 262; by Hill 113, 245-6; harmonic 283, 303, 433

tuba (tuba mirabilis) (r) 133, 194, 205, 208, 279,347, 434,5*2

see also: ophicleidetubular-pneumatic action 234, 357-9, 435Turle, James (orgt) 142, 173Turvey (Beds), All Saints

Hill & Davison (1838) 182-3, 188, 189Hill (1846?) 510Hill (1855) 255,330

typhus pedal, see Edward Hodges

unda maris (r) 378untersatz (r) 191

Upton Scudamore (Wilts), St Mary the Virgin

317, PL 46

viola (r) 303, 378, 433, 438viola d'amour (r) 378, 438viol di gamba (r) 199, 201, 239, 282Violette, Edward (ob) 304violin diapason (r) 381violon(e) (r) 346, 378

introduced by Hill 228, 396, 403, 523, 535metal 303, 419, 432, 433, 434, 438

violoncello (r) 55, 91, 396, 433Vogler, GeorgJoseph (orgt) 127, 302, 304, 378

see also; simplification systemvoix celeste (r) 278, 280, 304, 305, 346, 381voix humaine, see vox humanavoluntary 71, 72, 73, 322Vowles, W. G. (ob) 299vox angelica (r) 194, 199, 208, 303, 378, 393, 404,

433vox humana (voix humaine) (r) 44, 193, 344

superseded 90reintroduced 280, 304, 403-4, 432

Vyvyan, Sir Richard 58

Wadsworth, Edward (ob) 299, 300, 390Wagner, Richard 271Walcker, E. F. (ob) 178, 211, 379, 382wald-flute (r) 199, 200, Fig. 11, 220, 245, 280,

381,404Walker, Joseph William (ob) 58, 59, 100-1, 108,

i r5 ,259, 373, 388career: 57-8; cases 84; conservatism 259, 373,

389; pneumatic lever 356; workforce 62see also: London (Greater London): Exeter

Hall, StrandWallasey (Merseyside), St Hilary 308, 346-7, 434Walmisley, Thomas Attwood (orgt):

organ for St John's College, Cambridge 110;






Index 583for Liverpool 95, 141-2, 143; compositionsJ04-53 348

Walsall (W. Midlands), St Matthew 16Wanstead (Essex), St Mary 72Ward, John (ob) 50, 112

and York organ: 98, 113,119-22, 127Warwick, St Mary 260Washington (Co. Durham), Holy Trinity 404Waterford Cathedral 17, 31, 197Webb, Benjamin 311Webbe, Egerton 104Weber, Carl Maria 90-1Wedlake, Henry (ob) 305, 527WTednesbury (W. Midlands), Town Hall 339Wreimar Cathedral, Germany, 383Weingarten Abbey, Germany, 140, 141, 378Wreld, Thomas 70W'ells Cathedral 111, 261, 308, 335, 366, 373,

414, 433, 436, 437, 455-6, 535WTesley, Charles (orgt) 49Wesley, Revd John 516Wesley, Samuel (orgt) 18, 104, 153, 159, 182,

187,203compositions 89, 517; on double diapason 106;

on pedals 14-15Wesley, Dr Samuel Sebastian (orgt) 179, 256,

308, 344compositions: 341-2, 348, 517as player: Bach performances 173, 176; at

Birmingham 133, 342; use of doubles 107;use of pedals 97, 104, 371; registration 89-90; 517; style 142,341-3

Liverpool organ 135-44, 279, 343, 363, 364views on temperament 372, 373Winchester organ: 417, 432; case 82see also: Liverpool, St George's Hall;

Winchester Cathedral (Crystal Palace,1851)

West Derby (Merseyside), St Mary 291West Tofts (Norfolk), St Mary 327Whitchurch (Salop), St Alkmund 368Whiteley Bros (ob) 299, 300Wilke, J. (theorist) 383Wilkinson, William (ob) 50, 359Willis, George (ob) 438, 536Willis, Henry (ob) 87, 101, 194, 261, 315, 321,

341, 397, 406, 412-41, PL 62, 442career: 306-10, 412-17; apprenticeship 62,

307; works with Evans 307-8; establishesown business 308; character 209, 308, 412;Great Exhibition 296, 308, 371; influenceof Cavaille-Goll 376, 416, 433-4; Germaninfluences 389-90; relations with Lewis305, 306; Liverpool organ 135-49, 345;patents 308, 309, 357, 366, 412; premises308, 309; compared with Schulze 374-5,

388, 412-14, 417; Scudamore organs 318innovations: caseless organ 335-8; cylindrical

pedal valve 148, 349; combination pistons365-6; crescendo and diminuendo pedals367; diaphragm-aided pallet 351, Fig. 23;hollow valve 350-1, Fig. 22; hydraulicengine 363; pneumatic lever andimprovements 357, 364-5, 414, 416, 419,431; sforzando pedal 367; tubular-pneumatic action 315, 357-9, 431

organs: action 435-6; consoles 345-6, 368;duplication 111; equal temperament 143,373; flutes 433, 434, 437; layout 231;mixtures 306, 433, 434, 440; pedal board371; pipe metal 436; pipework 436-41,reeds 306, 307, 315, 414, 416, 432, 433,434, 438, 535; stop knobs 368-70; stoplists 432-5; strings 433, 438; swell box364-5; Swell Organ 432, 433; tonalcharacteristics 306, 315, 321, 414-15, 433,434; voicing 440-1; winding 362; wind

pressures 416, 436-7see also: Carlisle Cathedral; Gloucester

Gathedrai; London (City): St Paul'sCathedral; London (Greater London):Alexandra Palace; Crystal Palace (1851,1862); Royal Albert Hall; Union Chapel,Islington; Liverpool, St George's Hall;Oxford, Wadham College; Preston, StGeorge; Reading Town Hall; SalisburyCathedral; Wallasey, St Hilary; WellsCathedral; Winchester Cathedral

Willson, Edward James (archt) 82Winchester:

CathedralAvery (1799) 12Blore's case (1824) 82Willis (1854): 261, 296, 308, 343, 371, 414,

417-21, 418-19, 432-3; fluework Table 30;reeds Table 31, 438

see also: Crystal Palace (1851)St Cross 328

winding 23-7, 53-4, 207, 235-6, 361-3, 512, 513see also: bellows

wind pressures 135, 315, 407—8innovations: Birmingham 133; Gauntlett's 187,

194; Hill's 236-7; increasing pressuresystem 278-80; Liverpool 148-9; Willis416, 436; at York 119

see also: William Hill; increasing pressuresystem; Henry Willis

Windsor:Music Room 116, 363St George's Chapel 26, 89, 99, 100, 116—17,

356St George's Hall 197






584 Index

Wise, Solomon (ob) 304Wivenhoe (Essex), St Mary 189WoburnPC (Beds) 51Wolfram, J. C. (theorist) 383Wolverhampton (W. Midlands), St George 60Woodbridge (Suffolk), St Mary 17Wood, Small & Co. (ob) 50, 108Wooley, T. (orgt) 25, 96Worcester:

CathedralHill (1842) 189, 192-3, 197, 198, 199, 203,

205, 244, 264, 417, 460-1; case 247Hill (1874) 313,529removal of choir screen 314Wesley's playing at 342

Music Hall 260, 471-2Wordsworth & Maskell (ob) 300Wrexham (Clwyd), St Giles 108Wyatt, James (archt) 71, 82, 517, 528Wyatt, Jeffry (archt) 35Wymondham Abbey (Norfolk) 35, 81

Yeovil (Somerset), St John the Baptist 155, 302York:

organ-building in 49, 50, 300provision of organs 66

psalm-singing in churches 72York Minster 69, 140, 141, 163, 175,300,341

Blyth (1803) 25, 118-19,//#Ward (1823): 119-22, 120-1; nave division

121; Pedal Organ 102, 113, 121-2; reeds113; destruction 122

Elliot & Hill (1829-33): 57, 61, 86, 87, 122-7, 123-4; c a s e 82, PI. 20; compasses 95,126; compared with Birmingham 107,130, 135; composition pedals 365;duplication 109-10; failure 126-7;harmonicas 112; law suit 127, 182, 515;layout 124; pedals 371; Pedal Organ 98,124; pipework 124, 127; swell box 116;Swell Organ 114, 115

Hill & Son (1859) 201, 348, 357, 363, 365,375, 397> 4°4> 495~7\ console 368;crescendo pedal 367; mixtures 405, 406;pipe metal 407; reeds 407; tubas 406

Nave Organ (1863) 313, 395-6, 404Young, Alexander (ob) 300

zartflote (r) 390zinc, used for making pipes 124, 131, 159, 245,

282,407,519






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