the long road to stage zero · sediment impacts of log jams in incised channels wallerstein, n.p....
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The Long Road to Stage Zero A Missing Reference Condition
LTPBR WORKSHOP
Colin Thorne
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Headcuts stalled at box culverts, with incision and rapid widening downstream. Crowder Creek, North Mississippi (photo credit: David Biedenharn)
1970s
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Schumm, S. A., Harvey, M. D., & Watson, C. C. (1984). Incised channels: morphology, dynamics, and control. Water Resources Publications, Littleton CO.
Schumm, Harvey and Watson 1984
Stages in the Channel Evolution Model
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Simon and Hupp
Simon, A. & Hupp, C. R. 1986. Channel evolution in modified Tennessee channels. In, Proc. 4th Interagency Sedimentation Conf., Las Vegas, NV. US Govt., Washington DC, 8.22-8.29.
1986
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Simon and Hupp
Simon, A. & Hupp, C. R. 1986. Channel evolution in modified Tennessee channels. In, Proc. 4th Interagency Sedimentation Conf., Las Vegas, NV. US Govt., Washington DC, 8.22-8.29.
1986
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Late-stage Evolution: Senatobia Creek, Mississippi 1990s
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Stage 7 “Laterally Active”
Proposed additional CEM: Stage VI (Schumm, Harvey and Watson) Stage VII (Simon and Hupp).
Thorne, C.R. 1999. Bank Processes and Channel Evolution in the Incised Rivers of North-Central Mississippi, Incised River Channels, Darby and Simon (eds.), Wiley, ISBN 0-471-98446-9, 97-122.
1999
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Sediment impacts of log jams in incised channels
Wallerstein, N.P. and Thorne, C.R., 2004. Influence of large woody debris on morphological evolution of incised, sand-bed channels. Geomorphology, 57(1), pp.53-73.
Channel spanning
Flow parallel + Bar headDeflector
Channel damming
2004
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100 300 200 0
Drainage Basin Area (km2)
-10
0
10
20
30
Net Scour
Net Sedimentation
Net Sediment Balance (m3)
Net sediment balance at 17 natural log jams in Incised Creeks in North Mississippi
Wallerstein, N.P. and Thorne, C.R., 2004. Influence of large woody debris on morphological evolution of incised, sand-bed channels. Geomorphology, 57(1), pp.53-73. DOI: 10.1016/S0169-555X(03)00083-7
Watershed drainage area (km2)
Net sediment balance (m3)
2004
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Historical evidence - US East Coast –Watts Branch, Seneca Creek, Brandywine Creek etc.
Walter, R.C. and Merritts, D.J., 2008. Natural streams and the legacy of water-powered mills. Science, 319 (5861), pp.299-304. DOI: 10.1126/science.1151716
2008
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Historical evidence - US East Coast –Watts Branch, Seneca Creek, Brandywine Creek etc.
Walter, R.C. and Merritts, D.J., 2008. Natural streams and the legacy of water-powered mills. Science, 319 (5861), pp.299-304. DOI: 10.1126/science.1151716
2008
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Historical evidence - US East Coast –Watts Branch, Seneca Creek, Brandywine Creek etc.
Walter, R.C. and Merritts, D.J., 2008. Natural streams and the legacy of water-powered mills. Science, 319 (5861), pp.299-304. DOI: 10.1126/science.1151716
2008
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Historical evidence - US East Coast –Watts Branch, Seneca Creek, Brandywine Creek etc.
Walter, R.C. and Merritts, D.J., 2008. Natural streams and the legacy of water-powered mills. Science, 319 (5861), pp.299-304. DOI: 10.1126/science.1151716
2008
“…before European settlement, the streams were small, anabranching
channels within extensive, vegetated wetlands that accumulated little sediment but stored substantial organic carbon”
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, Brian Cluer
2008
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Puuuuuuuu Juuuuuu 10u 2013u
2013
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Michael Pollock – personal communication, 2014
From: Cluer & Thorne (2013) DOI: 10.1002/rra.2631
Pollock et al. (2014) –BioscienceDOI: 10.1093/biosci/biu036
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From: Cluer & Thorne (2013) DOI: 10.1002/rra.2631
Joe Wheaton “Stage 0 is simple … but this Stream Evolution Model is kind of complicated…”
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Stage 0/8
Stages 5-
23
Stages 5-7 Stages 2-3
Adapted from From: Cluer & Thorne (2013) DOI: 10.1002/rra.2631 & Chap 1: Shahverdian et al. (2019) DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.14138.03529
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Stage 0/8
Stages 5-7
24
Stage 0/8
Stages 5-7 Stages 2-3
Adapted from From: Cluer & Thorne (2013) DOI: 10.1002/rra.2631 & Chap 1: Shahverdian et al. (2019) DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.14138.03529
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Stages 8 and 0Different degrees + extents of floodplain reconnection
Figure 1.6 (p 35) of Shahverdian et al. (2019) – Chapter 1 LTPBR Manual DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.14138.03529
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2016
Hauer, F.R. et al., 2016. Gravel-bed river floodplains are the ecological nexus of glaciated mountain landscapes. Science Advances, 2(6). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600026
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Biology
GeologyHydrology
Stream Evolution Trianglewith Schumm Stream Classification and stages in the Stream Evolution Model
Castro and Thorne, 2019.
Castro, J.. & Thorne, C. 2019. The Stream Evolution Triangle: linking Geology, Hydrology and Biology, River Research and Applications. 10.1002/rra.3421.
2019
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Biology
GeologyHydrology
Stream Evolution Trianglewith Schumm Stream Classification and stages in the Stream Evolution Model
Castro and Thorne, 2019.
Influence of biology dominates stream processes, forms and functions
Influences of biology, hydrology and geology are dynamically balanced
Influences of hydrology and geology dominate stream processes, forms and functions
Castro, J.. & Thorne, C. 2019. The Stream Evolution Triangle: linking Geology, Hydrology and Biology, River Research and Applications. 10.1002/rra.3421.
2019
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Biology
GeologyHydrology
Stream Evolution Trianglewith Schumm Stream Classification and stages in the Stream Evolution Model
Castro and Thorne, 2019.
Stage 0
Stage 8
Stage 1
Stage 7
Stage 5
Stage 6
Stage 3
Stage 2Stage 4
Influence of biology dominates stream processes, forms and functions
Influences of biology, hydrology and geology are dynamically balanced
Influences of hydrology and geology dominate stream processes, forms and functions
Castro, J.. & Thorne, C. 2019. The Stream Evolution Triangle: linking Geology, Hydrology and Biology, River Research and Applications. 10.1002/rra.3421.
2019
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Biology
GeologyHydrology
Stream Evolution Trianglewith Schumm Stream Classification and stages in the Stream Evolution Model
Castro and Thorne, 2019.
Stage 0
Stage 8
Stage 1
Stage 7
Stage 5
Stage 6
Stage 3
Stage 2Stage 4
Influence of biology dominates stream processes, forms and functions
Influences of biology, hydrology and geology are dynamically balanced
Influences of hydrology and geology dominate stream processes, forms and functions Biological
Uplift
Castro, J.. & Thorne, C. 2019. The Stream Evolution Triangle: linking Geology, Hydrology and Biology, River Research and Applications. 10.1002/rra.3421.
2019
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Think Outside the Channel
Mud Pool Meadow – UK’s 1st ‘Stage 0’ restoration. Holnicote Estate, Somerset. PoC Ben Eardley, National Trust.. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/oct/17/exmoor-river-reset-aims-to-cut-flood-risk-and-bolster-wildlife