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THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI: A RESPONSE TO DR MICHAEL HEISER

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Page 1: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

T H E L O C A T I O N O F M T S I N A I : A R E S P O N S E T O D R M I C H A E L H E I S E R

Page 2: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

• D r . H e i s e r o n h i s N a k e d B i b l e P o d c a s t p r o g r a m 2 6 0 r e p e a t e d l y a n d s o m e w h a t d o g m a t i c a l l y s t a t e d J e b e l a l L a w z c a n n o t b e t h e r e a l M o u n t S i n a i a n d s h o u l d b e a b a n d o n e d a s a c a n d i d a t e .

• I n d o i n g s o , h e m a d e s e v e r a l s i g n i f i c a n t e r r o r s .

Page 3: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

• I d i d e - m a i l h i m t o d i s c u s s t h e s e e r r o r s , b u t h e w a s n o t r e c e p t i v e .

• I t h e n i n v i t e d h i m t o h a v e a p u b l i c d i s c u s s i o n a b o u t t h i s e i t h e r o n h i s o w n p o d c a s t o r o n m y p r o g r a m , b u t h e w a s n o t w i l l i n g t o d o s o .

• I t h e n i n v i t e d h i m t o a p u b l i c d e b a t e , b u t h e w a s d i s m i s s i v e .

• T h u s b e l o w w e w i l l r e s p o n d t o s o m e o f h i s e r r o r s .

Page 4: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

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Page 5: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

• F i r s t , H e i s e r m i s i n t e r p r e t s a s e r i e s o f t e x t s ( D e u t 3 3 ; J u d g e s 5 ; H a b a k k u k 3 ) t o b e p a r t o f a “ Y a h w e h f r o m t h e S o u t h ” t r a d i t i o n .

• T h e v i e w h o l d s t h a t g r o u p s s u c h a s t h e E d o m i t e s a n d t h e M i d i a n i t e s w o r s h i p p e d Y a h w e h l o n g b e f o r e H e r e v e a l e d H i m s e l f t o M o s e s a t t h e b u r n i n g b u s h .

• T h i s v i e w e s s e n t i a l l y i n t e r p r e t s t h e s e t e x t s a s r e f e r r i n g t o Y a h w e h ’ s s o u t h e r n o r i g i n .

Page 6: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

• T h e s e a r e n o t “ Y a h w e h f r o m t h e S o u t h ” t e x t s .

• I n s t e a d , a s w e w i l l s e e , t h e y a r e p a r t o f a l a r g e r t r a d i t i o n t h a t u s e E x o d u s l a n g u a g e w h i l e u l t i m a t e l y p o i n t i n g t o t h e G r e a t e r o r t h e S e c o n d E x o d u s .

• T h e N e w T e s t a m e n t w r i t e r s i n t e r p r e t t h e s e a s p o i n t i n g t o t h e R e t u r n o f J e s u s .

Page 7: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

• S e c o n d , H e i s e r a r g u e s t h a t b e c a u s e t h e s e t e x t s u s e p a r a l l e l i s m s , S i n a i , S e i r , E d o m , P a r a n , T e m a n a l l o f t h e s e m u s t b e w i t h i n t h e s a m e g e n e r a l r e g i o n .

• J e b e l a l - L a w z h e a r g u e s , i s s i m p l y t o o f a r s o u t h t o b e i n c l u d e d a m o n g t h e s e o t h e r m o u n t a i n s a n d l o c a t i o n s .

Page 8: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

• T h e s e t e x t s d o n o t s p e a k o f a s i n g u l a r , s t a t i c , n o n - c o m p l e x e v e n t , r a t h e r t h e y s p e a k o f Y a h w e h a s a v i c t o r i o u s w a r r i o r m a r c h i n g f r o m t h e s o u t h , i e . , t h e E x o d u s .

• A l t e r n a t e l y , t h e y s p e a k o f Y a h w e h s h i n i n g f o r t h a n d r a d i a t i n g l i k e t h e d a w n o v e r a b r o a d a r e a .

• W h e t h e r w e a r e s p e a k i n g o f t h e e x o d u s , o r t h e s u n r i s e , b o t h e x t e n d o v e r a v e r y l a r g e r e g i o n .

Page 9: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

“ Y a h w e h i s d e p i c t e d a s c o m i n g f r o m S i n a i a n d r i s i n g l i k e t h e s u n u p o n I s r a e l f r o m S e i r , s h i n i n g f o r t h f r o m M o u n t P a r a n , a p p r o a c h i n g f r o m R i b e b o t h - K o d e s h … w i t h a f l a m i n g f i r e a t h i s r i g h t h a n d .” — J . A . T h o m p s o n , D e u t e r o n o m y : A n I n t r o d u c t i o n a n d C o m m e n t a r y , T y n d a l e O l d T e s t a m e n t C o m m e n t a r i e s , p 3 3 4 .

Page 10: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

• W h i l e I a g r e e w i t h H e i s e r t h a t t h e t e x t s u s e p a r a l l e l i s m s , a l l o f t h e s e t o p o n y m s ( S i n a i , P a r a n , S e i r , T e m a n , E d o m , B o z r a h , e t c . , ) w e r e p a r t o f t h e E x o d u s r o u t e .

• T h e y a r e a l s o a l l w e l l w i t h i n t h e l a r g e r r e g i o n o f b i b l i c a l E d o m .

Page 11: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

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Page 12: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

• H e i s e r a c k n o w l e d g e s t h a t a l l o f t h e s e p l a c e s w e r e i n t h e g e n e r a l a r e a o f E d o m .

• H e i s e r , h o w e v e r , d o e s n ’ t k n o w w h e r e t h e b i b l i c a l E d o m a c t u a l l y i s .

• H o w d o e s t h e B i b l e d e f i n e E d o m ?

Page 13: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

“ T H E R E F O R E T H U S S A Y S T H E L O R D G O D , “ I W I L L A L S O S T R E T C H O U T M Y H A N D A G A I N S T

E D O M A N D C U T O F F M A N A N D B E A S T F R O M I T . A N D I W I L L L A Y I T W A S T E ; F R O M T E M A N E V E N

T O D E D A N T H E Y W I L L F A L L B Y T H E S W O R D .” ( E Z E K I E L 2 5 : 1 3 )

Page 14: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

“ E Z E K I E L P R O P H E S I E D T H A T T H E W H O L E C O U N T R Y W O U L D B E L A I D W A S T E . T E M A N W A S T H E E X T R E M E N O R T H E R N D I S T R I C T O F E D O M W H I L E D E D A N W A S I N T H E S O U T H ; T H U S T H E M E N T I O N O F T H E S E T W O C I T I E S W A S A W A Y O F R E F E R R I N G T O T H E W H O L E N A T I O N .

— L A M A R E U G E N E C O O P E R , E Z E K I E L , N E W A M E R I C A N C O M M E N T A R Y P. 2 4 8 .

Page 15: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

C O N C E R N I N G E D O M . T H U S S A Y S T H E L O R D O F H O S T S , “ I S T H E R E N O L O N G E R A N Y W I S D O M I N

T E M A N ? H A S G O O D C O U N S E L B E E N L O S T T O T H E P R U D E N T ? H A S T H E I R W I S D O M D E C A Y E D ? F L E E

A W A Y, T U R N B A C K , D W E L L I N T H E D E P T H S , O I N H A B I T A N T S O F D E D A N , F O R I W I L L B R I N G T H E

D I S A S T E R O F E S A U U P O N H I M A T T H E T I M E I P U N I S H H I M .

( J E R E M I A H 4 9 : 7 – 8 )

Page 16: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

D E D A N : A S E T T L E M E N T I N N O R T H W E S T E R N A R A B I A K N O W N F O R B E I N G A C E N T E R F O R T R A D E A N D C O M M E R C E ( E Z E K 2 7 : 2 0 ; 3 8 : 1 3 ) . T H E R E F E R E N C E T O D E D A N I N E Z E K 2 5 : 1 3 S U G G E S T S T H E S I T E S E R V E D A S A C O N V E N I E N T L A N D M A R K T O A L L U D E T O T H E F A R S O U T H E A S T E R N E X T E N T O F T H E T E R R I T O R Y O F E D O M ( I N C O N T R A S T W I T H T H E R E G I O N O F T E M A N M A R K I N G T H E N O R T H E R N E X T E N T O F E D O M ’ S T E R R I T O R Y ) . — T H E L E X H A M B I B L E D I C T I O N A R Y

Page 17: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

T h e L a n d o f E d o m a c c o r d i n g t o S c r i p t u r e :

Page 18: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will
Page 19: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

M i c h a e l H e i s e r ’ s M a p o f t h e L a n d o f E d o m

Page 20: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will
Page 21: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

H e i s e r ’ s L a n d o f E d o m ( i n B l u e ) v s

T h e a c t u a l L a n d o f E d o m ( i n G r a y )

Page 22: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will
Page 23: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

• T e m a n a n d D e d a n w e r e t h e n o r t h e r n a n d s o u t h e r n c i t i e s o f b o t h E d o m a n d t h e N a b a t e a n A r a b K i n g d o m .

• T o d a y T e m a n a n d D e d a n c o r r e s p o n d s t o P e t r a ( i n J o r d a n ) a n d a l - U l a o r M a i ’ d i n S a l e h ( i n S a u d i A r a b i a ) .

• T e m a n a n d D e d a n a r e 4 0 0 m i l e s a p a r t .

Page 24: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

P E T R A

Page 25: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will
Page 26: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will
Page 27: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

D E D A N

Page 28: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will
Page 29: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will
Page 30: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

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Page 31: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

• H e i s e r c i t e s s e l e c t t e x t s w h i l e i g n o r i n g s e v e r a l o t h e r v e r y i m p o r t a n t r e l a t e d t e x t s w h i c h e s t a b l i s h t h e S e c o n d E x o d u s / t h e S e c o n d C o m i n g t h e m e .

• I s a i a h 6 3 • P s a l m 6 8 • P s a l m 1 1 0 • 1 E n o c h 1 : 1 - 1 1 • J u d e 1 4 - 1 5

• L e t ’ s l o o k a t a l l o f t h e p a s s a g e s i n q u e s t i o n :

Page 32: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

N O W T H I S I S T H E B L E S S I N G W I T H W H I C H M O S E S T H E M A N O F G O D B L E S S E D T H E S O N S O F I S R A E L B E F O R E H I S D E A T H . H E S A I D , “ T H E L O R D C A M E

F R O M S I N A I , A N D D A W N E D O N T H E M F R O M S E I R ; H E S H O N E F O R T H F R O M M O U N T P A R A N , A N D H E C A M E F R O M T H E M I D S T O F T E N T H O U S A N D H O L Y O N E S ; A T H I S R I G H T H A N D T H E R E W A S F L A S H I N G

L I G H T N I N G F O R T H E M .” ( D E U T E R O N O M Y 3 3 : 1 – 2 )

Page 33: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

T H E N D E B O R A H A N D B A R A K T H E S O N O F A B I N O A M S A N G O N T H A T D A Y, S A Y I N G , “ T H A T T H E L E A D E R S L E D I N I S R A E L , T H A T T H E P E O P L E V O L U N T E E R E D ,

B L E S S T H E L O R D ! H E A R , O K I N G S ; G I V E E A R , O R U L E R S ! T O T H E L O R D , I W I L L S I N G , I W I L L S I N G

P R A I S E T O T H E L O R D , T H E G O D O F I S R A E L . ( J U D G E S 5 : 1 – 5 )

Page 34: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

L O R D , W H E N Y O U W E N T O U T F R O M S E I R , W H E N Y O U M A R C H E D F R O M T H E F I E L D O F E D O M , T H E E A R T H Q U A K E D , T H E H E A V E N S A L S O D R I P P E D ,

E V E N T H E C L O U D S D R I P P E D W A T E R . T H E M O U N T A I N S Q U A K E D A T T H E P R E S E N C E O F T H E

L O R D , T H I S S I N A I , A T T H E P R E S E N C E O F T H E L O R D , T H E G O D O F I S R A E L .

( J U D G E S 5 : 1 – 5 )

Page 35: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

A P R A Y E R O F H A B A K K U K T H E P R O P H E T , A C C O R D I N G T O S H I G I O N O T H . L O R D , I H A V E H E A R D

T H E R E P O R T A B O U T Y O U A N D I F E A R . O L O R D , R E V I V E Y O U R W O R K I N T H E M I D S T O F T H E Y E A R S , I N T H E M I D S T O F T H E Y E A R S M A K E I T K N O W N ; I N

W R A T H R E M E M B E R M E R C Y. G O D C O M E S F R O M T E M A N , A N D T H E H O L Y O N E F R O M M O U N T P A R A N . S E L A H . H I S S P L E N D O R C O V E R S T H E H E A V E N S , A N D T H E E A R T H I S F U L L O F H I S P R A I S E . H I S R A D I A N C E

I S L I K E T H E S U N L I G H T ;

Page 36: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

H E H A S R A Y S F L A S H I N G F R O M H I S H A N D , A N D T H E R E I S T H E H I D I N G O F H I S P O W E R . B E F O R E H I M G O E S P E S T I L E N C E , A N D P L A G U E C O M E S A F T E R H I M . H E

S T O O D A N D S U R V E Y E D T H E E A R T H ; H E L O O K E D A N D S T A R T L E D T H E N A T I O N S . Y E S , T H E P E R P E T U A L

M O U N T A I N S W E R E S H A T T E R E D , T H E A N C I E N T H I L L S C O L L A P S E D . H I S W A Y S A R E E V E R L A S T I N G . I S A W T H E

T E N T S O F C U S H A N U N D E R D I S T R E S S , T H E T E N T C U R T A I N S O F T H E L A N D O F M I D I A N W E R E T R E M B L I N G .

( H A B A K K U K 3 : 1 – 7 )

Page 37: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

W H O I S T H I S W H O C O M E S F R O M E D O M , W I T H G A R M E N T S O F G L O W I N G C O L O R S F R O M B O Z R A H , T H I S O N E W H O I S M A J E S T I C

I N H I S A P P A R E L , M A R C H I N G I N T H E G R E A T N E S S O F H I S S T R E N G T H ? I T I S I W H O S P E A K I N R I G H T E O U S N E S S , M I G H T Y T O S A V E . W H Y I S Y O U R A P P A R E L R E D , A N D Y O U R G A R M E N T S L I K E T H E O N E W H O T R E A D S I N T H E W I N E P R E S S ? I H A V E T R O D D E N

T H E W I N E T R O U G H A L O N E , A N D F R O M T H E P E O P L E S T H E R E W A S N O M A N W I T H M E . I A L S O T R O D T H E M I N M Y A N G E R A N D

T R A M P L E D T H E M I N M Y W R A T H ; A N D T H E I R L I F E B L O O D I S S P R I N K L E D O N M Y G A R M E N T S , A N D I S T A I N E D A L L M Y

R A I M E N T . F O R T H E D A Y O F V E N G E A N C E W A S I N M Y H E A R T , A N D M Y Y E A R O F R E D E M P T I O N H A S C O M E .

( I S 6 3 : 1 – 4 )

Page 38: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

O G O D , W H E N Y O U W E N T F O R T H B E F O R E Y O U R P E O P L E ,

W H E N Y O U M A R C H E D T H R O U G H T H E W I L D E R N E S S , S E L A H . T H E E A R T H Q U A K E D ; T H E H E A V E N S A L S O D R O P P E D R A I N A T T H E P R E S E N C E O F G O D ; S I N A I

I T S E L F Q U A K E D A T T H E P R E S E N C E O F G O D , T H E G O D O F I S R A E L … T H E C H A R I O T S O F G O D A R E M Y R I A D S ,

T H O U S A N D S U P O N T H O U S A N D S ; T H E L O R D I S A M O N G T H E M A S A T S I N A I , I N H O L I N E S S …

( P S A L M 6 8 : 7 – 8 , 1 7 )

Page 39: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

S U R E L Y G O D W I L L S H A T T E R T H E H E A D O F H I S E N E M I E S , T H E H A I R Y C R O W N O F H I M W H O G O E S O N I N H I S G U I L T Y D E E D S . T H E L O R D S A I D , “ I W I L L B R I N G T H E M B A C K F R O M B A S H A N .

I W I L L B R I N G T H E M B A C K F R O M T H E D E P T H S O F T H E S E A ; T H A T Y O U R F O O T M A Y S H A T T E R T H E M I N B L O O D , T H E

T O N G U E O F Y O U R D O G S M A Y H A V E I T S P O R T I O N F R O M Y O U R E N E M I E S . T H E Y H A V E S E E N Y O U R P R O C E S S I O N , O G O D , T H E P R O C E S S I O N O F M Y G O D , M Y K I N G , I N T O T H E S A N C T U A R Y.

T H E S I N G E R S W E N T O N , T H E M U S I C I A N S A F T E R T H E M , I N T H E M I D S T O F T H E M A I D E N S B E A T I N G T A M B O U R I N E S .

( P S A L M 6 8 : 2 1 – 2 5 )

Page 40: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

T H E W O R D S O F T H E B L E S S I N G W H I C H E N O C H B L E S S E D T H E R I G H T E O U S C H O S E N W H O W I L L B E

P R E S E N T O N T H E D A Y O F T R I B U L A T I O N , T O R E M O V E A L L T H E E N E M I E S ; A N D T H E R I G H T E O U S W I L L B E

S A V E D . A N D H E T O O K U P H I S D I S C O U R S E A N D S A I D , “ E N O C H , A R I G H T E O U S M A N W H O S E E Y E S W E R E

O P E N E D B Y G O D , W H O H A D T H E V I S I O N O F T H E H O L Y O N E A N D O F H E A V E N , W H I C H H E S H O W E D M E …

( 1 E N O C H 1 : 1 - 3 )

Page 41: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

“ T H E G R E A T H O L Y O N E W I L L C O M E F O R T H F R O M H I S D W E L L I N G , A N D T H E E T E R N A L G O D W I L L T R E A D F R O M

T H E R E U P O N M O U N T S I N A I . H E W I L L A P P E A R W I T H H I S A R M Y,” H E W I L L A P P E A R W I T H H I S M I G H T Y H O S T F R O M

T H E H E A V E N O F H E A V E N S . A L L T H E W A T C H E R S W I L L F E A R A N D Q U A K E , A N D T H O S E W H O A R E H I D I N G I N A L L T H E E N D S O F T H E E A R T H W I L L S I N G . A L L T H E E N D S O F T H E E A R T H W I L L B E S H A K E N , A N D T R E M B L I N G A N D G R E A T

F E A R W I L L S E I Z E T H E M ( T H E W A T C H E R S ) U N T O T H E E N D S O F T H E E A R T H … T H E R E W I L L B E J U D G M E N T O N A L L .

( 1 E N O C H 1 : 4 - 7 )

Page 42: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

… L O O K , H E C O M E S W I T H T H E M Y R I A D S O F H I S H O L Y O N E S , T O E X E C U T E J U D G M E N T O N A L L ,

A N D T O D E S T R O Y A L L T H E W I C K E D , A N D T O C O N V I C T A L L H U M A N I T Y F O R A L L T H E W I C K E D

D E E D S T H A T T H E Y H A V E D O N E , A N D T H E P R O U D A N D H A R D W O R D S T H A T W I C K E D S I N N E R S

S P O K E A G A I N S T H I M . ( 1 E N O C H 1 : 9 - 1 1 )

Page 43: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

I T W A S A L S O A B O U T T H E S E M E N T H A T E N O C H , I N T H E S E V E N T H G E N E R A T I O N F R O M A D A M , P R O P H E S I E D ,

S A Y I N G , “ B E H O L D , T H E L O R D C A M E W I T H M A N Y T H O U S A N D S O F H I S H O L Y O N E S , T O E X E C U T E

J U D G M E N T U P O N A L L , A N D T O C O N V I C T A L L T H E U N G O D L Y O F A L L T H E I R U N G O D L Y D E E D S W H I C H T H E Y

H A V E D O N E I N A N U N G O D L Y W A Y, A N D O F A L L T H E H A R S H T H I N G S W H I C H U N G O D L Y S I N N E R S H A V E

S P O K E N A G A I N S T H I M .”. ( J U D E 1 4 - 1 5 )

Page 44: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

T h e s e t e x t s c o m b i n e s e v e r a l v e r y i m p o r t a n t m o t i f s , e s t a b l i s h i n g t h e i r

c o m m o n f o c u s .

Page 45: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

• T h e m o t i f o f t h e L o r d c o m i n g w i t h H i s h o l y o n e s :

• D e u t 3 3 : 2 ; 1 E n o c h 1 : 9 ; Z e c h a r i a h 1 4 : 5 ; M a t t h e w 1 6 : 2 7 ; 2 5 : 3 1 ; 2 T h e s 1 : 7 ; J u d e 1 4 .

Page 46: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

“ T H E L O R D C A M E F R O M S I N A I , A N D D A W N E D O N T H E M F R O M S E I R ; H E S H O N E F O R T H F R O M

M O U N T P A R A N , A N D H E C A M E F R O M T H E M I D S T O F T E N T H O U S A N D H O L Y O N E S ; A T H I S R I G H T H A N D T H E R E W A S F L A S H I N G L I G H T N I N G F O R

T H E M .” ( D E U T E R O N O M Y 3 3 : 1 – 2 )

Page 47: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

T H E G R E A T H O L Y O N E W I L L C O M E F O R T H F R O M H I S D W E L L I N G , A N D T H E E T E R N A L G O D W I L L T R E A D F R O M T H E R E U P O N M O U N T S I N A I . H E

W I L L A P P E A R W I T H H I S A R M Y,” H E W I L L A P P E A R W I T H H I S M I G H T Y H O S T F R O M T H E H E A V E N O F

H E A V E N S … L O O K , H E C O M E S W I T H T H E M Y R I A D S O F H I S H O L Y O N E S , T O E X E C U T E J U D G M E N T O N

A L L , A N D T O D E S T R O Y A L L T H E W I C K E D … ( 1 E N O C H 1 : 4 , 9 )

Page 48: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

I W I L L G A T H E R A L L T H E N A T I O N S A G A I N S T J E R U S A L E M T O B A T T L E …

T H E N T H E L O R D W I L L G O F O R T H A N D F I G H T A G A I N S T T H O S E N A T I O N S , A S W H E N H E F I G H T S

O N A D A Y O F B A T T L E . I N T H A T D A Y H I S F E E T W I L L S T A N D O N T H E M O U N T O F O L I V E S … T H E N T H E L O R D , M Y G O D , W I L L C O M E , A N D A L L T H E

H O L Y O N E S W I T H H I M ! ( Z E C H A R I A H 1 4 : 3 – 5 ) .

Page 49: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

“ F O R T H E S O N O F M A N I S G O I N G T O C O M E I N T H E G L O R Y O F H I S F A T H E R W I T H H I S

A N G E L S , A N D W I L L T H E N R E P A Y E V E R Y M A N A C C O R D I N G T O H I S D E E D S .”

( M A T T H E W 1 6 : 2 7 )

Page 50: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

“ B U T W H E N T H E S O N O F M A N C O M E S I N H I S G L O R Y, A N D A L L T H E A N G E L S W I T H H I M ,

T H E N H E W I L L S I T O N H I S G L O R I O U S T H R O N E .”

( M T 2 5 : 3 1 )

Page 51: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

A N D T O G I V E R E L I E F T O Y O U W H O A R E A F F L I C T E D A N D T O U S A S W E L L W H E N T H E

L O R D J E S U S W I L L B E R E V E A L E D F R O M H E A V E N W I T H H I S M I G H T Y A N G E L S I N

F L A M I N G F I R E , ( 2 T H E S S A L O N I A N S 1 : 7 )

Page 52: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

I t w a s a l s o a b o u t t h e s e m e n t h a t E n o c h , i n t h e s e v e n t h g e n e r a t i o n f r o m A d a m , p r o p h e s i e d ,

s a y i n g , “ B e h o l d , t h e L o r d c a m e w i t h m a n y t h o u s a n d s o f H i s h o l y o n e s , t o e x e c u t e

j u d g m e n t u p o n a l l . ( J u d e 1 4 - 1 5 )

Page 53: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

J u d e s p o k e h e r e o f t h e s e c o n d c o m i n g o f C h r i s t . T h e “ h o l y o n e s ” w i t h w h o m h e w i l l c o m e a r e h i s a n g e l s . T h e c o m i n g o f C h r i s t i s p a t t e r n e d a f t e r G o d ’ s t h e o p h a n y o n S i n a i , w h e r e h e “ c a m e w i t h m y r i a d s o f h o l y o n e s ” ( D e u t 3 3 : 2 ) … T h a t a n g e l s w i l l a c c o m p a n y J e s u s a t h i s c o m i n g i s c l e a r l y t a u g h t i n t h e N e w T e s t a m e n t a s w e l l ( M a t t 1 6 : 2 7 ; 2 5 : 3 1 ; M a r k 8 : 3 8 ; L u k e 9 : 2 6 ; 1 T h e s s 3 : 1 3 ; 2 T h e s s 1 : 7 ) .

T h o m a s R . S c h r e i n e r , 1 , 2 P e t e r , J u d e , v o l . 3 7 , T h e N e w A m e r i c a n C o m m e n t a r y , p 4 7 2 .

Page 54: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

• T h e m o t i f o f t h e L o r d m a r c h i n g t h r o u g h t h e w i l d e r n e s s / d e s e r t / E d o m :

• D e u t 3 3 ; J u d g e s 5 : 4 ; P s a l m 6 8 ; H a b 3 ; I s a i a h 6 3 .

Page 55: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

“ T H E L O R D C A M E F R O M S I N A I , A N D D A W N E D O N T H E M F R O M S E I R ; H E S H O N E F O R T H F R O M

M O U N T P A R A N , A N D H E C A M E F R O M T H E M I D S T O F T E N T H O U S A N D H O L Y O N E S ; A T H I S R I G H T H A N D T H E R E W A S F L A S H I N G L I G H T N I N G F O R

T H E M .” ( D E U T E R O N O M Y 3 3 : 1 – 2 )

Page 56: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

“A s m o s t s c h o l a r s h a v e n o t e d , t h e i m a g e r y h e r e i s t h a t o f t h e D i v i n e W a r r i o r m a r c h i n g a t t h e h e a d o f h i s a r m i e s o n b e h a l f o f t h o s e w h o m h e h a d c h o s e n … T h e s a m e m o t i f s a p p e a r e l s e w h e r e , e s p e c i a l l y i n t h e S o n g o f t h e S e a f o l l o w i n g t h e e x o d u s ( E x o d 1 5 : 1 b –1 8 ) ; t h e S o n g o f D e b o r a h ( J u d g 5 : 2 – 5 ) ; P s 6 8 ( e s p . v v . 7 – 1 0 ) ; a n d t h e p r a y e r o f H a b a k k u k ( H a b 3 : 2 – 1 5 ) .”

E u g e n e H . M e r r i l l , D e u t e r o n o m y , v o l . 4 , T h e N e w A m e r i c a n C o m m e n t a r y ( N a s h v i l l e : B r o a d m a n & H o l m a n P u b l i s h e r s , 1 9 9 4 ) , 4 3 3 – 4 3 4 .

Page 57: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

• T h e m o t i f o f G o d c o m i n g f r o m S i n a i ( D e u t 3 3 : 2 ; J u d g 5 : 5 ; P s 6 8 : 8 ) S e i r ( D e u t 3 3 : 2 ; J u d g 5 : 4 ) o r E d o m ( E x o d 1 5 : 1 5 ; J u d g 5 : 4 ; I s 6 3 ) ; P a r a n ( D e u t 3 3 : 2 ; H a b 3 : 3 ) ; a n d m o u n t a i n s ( E x o d 1 5 : 1 7 ; D e u t 3 3 : 2 ; J u d g 5 : 5 ; P s 6 8 : 1 5 –1 6 ; H a b 3 : 6 , 1 0 ) .

• “ T h e s t y l i z e d o r f o r m u l a i c n a t u r e o f s u c h h i s t o r i c a l r é s u m é s a l l o w s t h e m t o d e p a r t f r o m n o r m a l p a t t e r n s o f n a r r a t i o n i n w h i c h s t r i c t a d h e r e n c e t o c h r o n o l o g i c a l a n d g e o g r a p h i c a l s e q u e n c e i s e x p e c t e d .” ( E u g e n e H . M e r r i l l , D e u t e r o n o m y , v o l . 4 , T h e N e w A m e r i c a n C o m m e n t a r y , p . 4 3 4 . )

Page 58: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

• T h e m o t i f o f t h e c r u s h i n g o n e ( G e n 3 : 1 5 , N u m 2 4 : 1 7 ; P s a l m 6 8 : 2 1 ; P s a l m 1 1 0 ; I s a 6 3 : 3 , 6 ; R e v 1 9 : 1 5 ) .

• T h e m o t i f o f t h e o n e s o a k e d i n b l o o d o n t h e D a y o f t h e L o r d ’ s v e n g e a n c e ( I s a 6 3 : 4 ; R e v 1 9 )

• T h e e n t h r o n e m e n t o f G o d i n J e r u s a l e m ( P s a l m 2 , P s a l m 6 8 ; M a t 1 9 , 2 5 ) .

• F u r t h e r , t h e s e t e x t s p o r t r a y Y a h w e h i n a n a n t h r o p o m o r p h i c f o r m .

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4

Page 60: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

• H e i s e r ' s v i e w t h a t S i n a i , E d o m , S e i r , P a r a n , e t c . , a l l m u s t b e c l o s e c l e a r l y c o n t r a d i c t s o t h e r S c r i p t u r e s .

• F o r e x a m p l e , D e u t e r o n o m y 1 : 2 s a y s t h a t , “ I t i s e l e v e n d a y s ’ j o u r n e y f r o m H o r e b b y t h e w a y o f M o u n t S e i r t o K a d e s h - b a r n e a .”

• T h i s i n d i c a t e s a s u b s t a n t i a l d i s t a n c e f r o m H o r e b / S i n a i t o K a d e s h - B a r n e a .

Page 61: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

• B e y o n d t h i s , t h e r e a r e m a n y p a s s a g e s t h a t r e f e r t o t h e E x o d u s i t i n e r a r y , a n d t h e g e o g r a p h y o f t h e r e g i o n , w h i c h g i v e u s a f a i r l y r e a s o n a b l e u n d e r s t a n d i n g a s t o w h e r e t h e s e l o c a t i o n s a r e / w e r e .

• W h i l e w e d o n o t k n o w w i t h p r e c i s i o n w h e r e e v e r y l o c a t i o n w a s , t h e r e a r e s o m e t h a t w e h a v e v e r y g o o d c o n f i d e n c e o f , a n d o t h e r s w e k n o w f o r c e r t a i n .

• W e c a n b e s u r e t h a t t h e r e w a s a s u b s t a n t i a l d i s t a n c e b e t w e e n s o m e o f t h e m .

Page 62: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

• M i d i a n w a s t h e f u r t h e s t s o u t h . T h e n c a m e S i n a i , t h e n t h e d e s e r t o f P a r a n , t h e n S e i r , E d o m , t h e n M o a b , t h e n A m m o n .

• H e i s e r s a y s t h a t t h e s e p l a c e s w e r e a l l v e r y c l o s e t o a n o t h e r .

• T h e B i b l e s a y s t h a t s o m e o f t h e m w e r e s o m e d i s t a n c e a p a r t .

Page 63: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

• F r o m B o z r a h / E d o m t o t h e d e s e r t o f P a r a n i s a b o u t 8 0 - 9 0 m i l e s .

• F r o m P a r a n t o J e b e l a l - L a w z i s a b o u t 8 0 - 9 0 m i l e s .

• I t i s e n t i r e l y i n c o n s i s t e n t t o s a y t h a t t w o o r m o r e o f t h e l o c a t i o n s a r e m a n y m i l e s a p a r t , b u t n o t a l l o w t h e s a m e f o r S i n a i .

Page 64: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will
Page 65: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

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Page 66: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

• H e i s e r r e p e a t e d l y e m p h a s i z e d t h a t M t S i n a i m u s t b e w e s t ( o r n o r t h w e s t ) o f M i d i a n ) .

Page 67: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

N O W M O S E S W A S P A S T U R I N G T H E F L O C K O F J E T H R O H I S F A T H E R - I N - L A W , T H E P R I E S T O F

M I D I A N ; A N D H E L E D T H E F L O C K T O T H E W E S T S I D E O F T H E W I L D E R N E S S A N D C A M E T O H O R E B ,

T H E M O U N T A I N O F G O D . ( E X 3 : 1 )

Page 68: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

• H e i s e r a r g u e s t h a t t h e J e b e l a l - L a w z t h e o r y h a s S i n a i i n M i d i a n .

• T h a t i s f a l s e .

• H e i s e r a r g u e s t h a t S i n a i m u s t h a v e b e e n w e s t o f M i d i a n .

• T h a t i s f a l s e .

Page 69: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

ר חַ אַ a c h a r t h e h i n d o r f o l l o w i n g p a r t ( 1 ) , a f t e r ( 3 6 9 ) , a f t e r w a r d ( s ) ( 5 6 ) , a g a i n ( 4 ) , a w a y ( 1 ) , b a c k ( 2 ) , b e h i n d ( 4 9 ) , b e h i n d ( 9 ) , b e s i d e s ( 1 ) , b u t t e n d ( 1 ) , c a r e ( 1 ) , f o l l o w ( 1 7 ) , f o l l o w e d ( 4 0 ) , f o l l o w i n g ( 3 5 ) , f o l l o w i n g ( 6 ) , f o l l o w s ( 3 ) , f o r s a k i n g ( 1 ) , l a t e r ( 1 ) , l o n g ( 1 ) , p u r s u i n g ( 4 ) , r e a r ( 3 ) , s i n c e ( 3 ) , s i n c e ( 4 ) , s u b s e q u e n t ( 2 ) , s u c c e e d e d ( 1 ) , s u r v i v e d ( 2 ) , t h e n ( 1 ) , t h e r e a f t e r ( 1 ) , w e s t ( 2 ) , w e s t s i d e ( 1 ) , w h e n ( 1 ) . — N e w A m e r i c a n S t a n d a r d H e b r e w - A r a m a i c a n d G r e e k D i c t i o n a r i e s

Page 70: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

1. “ t h e b a c k s i d e o f t h e d e s e r t ” K J V 2. “ t h e b a c k o f t h e d e s e r t ” N K J V 3. “ t h e f a r s i d e o f t h e w i l d e r n e s s ” N I V 4. “ t h e f a r s i d e o f t h e d e s e r t ” N E T 5. “ b e h i n d t h e w i l d e r n e s s ” Y L T 6. “ t h e f a r s i d e o f t h e w i l d e r n e s s ” C S B 7. “ t h e b a c k o f t h e w i l d e r n e s s ”A S V 8. “ b e h i n d t h e w i l d e r n e s s ” D B Y 9. “ t h e b a c k s i d e o f t h e d e s e r t ” W E B 10. “ t h e b a c k o f t h e w i l d e r n e s s ” H N V

11. T h e N A S B , E S V, R S V, u s e “ W e s t ”

Page 71: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

• A f t e r m a k i n g a b i g d e a l o f t h e n e e d f o r M o s e s t o h a v e g o n e w e s t , H e i s e r c o n t r a d i c t s h i s o w n v i e w a n d h a s M o s e s g o i n g N o r t h !

Page 72: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

6

Page 73: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

• I n o r d e r t o m a k e h i s t h e o r y w o r k , H e i s e r m o v e s M i d i a n m u c h f u r t h e r n o r t h t h a n a l -B a d i n S a u d i A r a b i a a n d p l a c e s i t n e x t t o m o d e r n d a y J o r d a n .

Page 74: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

• S o w h e r e i s M i d i a n ?

• S c h o l a r l y c o n s e n s u s p l a c e s M i d i a n o n t h e e a s t e r n s i d e o f t h e G u l f o f A q a b a .

• T h r o u g h o u t t h i s w h o l e r e g i o n , t h e r e i s o n l y o n e p l a c e w h e r e M i d i a n w o u l d h a v e l i k e l y b e e n .

Page 75: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will
Page 76: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

• I t i s a n O a s i s t o w n a n d w a s o n t h e a n c i e n t A r a b t r a d e c a r a v a n r o u t e .

• T o d a y t h e i n h a b i t a n t s o f t h e T o w n o f A l - B a d s t i l l c a l l i t M i d y a n , o r “ t h e C a v e s o f J e t h r o .”

• T h i s i s a l s o w h e r e t h e f i r s t c e n t u r y R o m a n g e o g r a p h e r C l a u d i u s P t o l e m y p l a c e d M o d i a m / M a d y a n .

Page 77: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

• T h e B i b l e a s s o c i a t e s M i d i a n g e o g r a p h i c a l l y w i t h S h e b a , K e d a r , a n d N e b a i o t h .

• T h e s e a r e a l l a r e a s i n c e n t r a l d a y S a u d i A r a b i a .

Page 78: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

A M U L T I T U D E O F C A M E L S W I L L C O V E R Y O U , T H E Y O U N G C A M E L S O F M I D I A N A N D E P H A H ;

A L L T H O S E F R O M S H E B A W I L L C O M E ; T H E Y W I L L B R I N G G O L D A N D F R A N K I N C E N S E ,

A N D W I L L B E A R G O O D N E W S O F T H E P R A I S E S O F T H E L O R D . A L L T H E F L O C K S O F K E D A R W I L L B E G A T H E R E D

T O G E T H E R T O Y O U , T H E R A M S O F N E B A I O T H W I L L M I N I S T E R T O Y O U ; T H E Y W I L L G O U P W I T H A C C E P T A N C E

O N M Y A L T A R , A N D I S H A L L G L O R I F Y M Y G L O R I O U S H O U S E .

( I S 6 0 : 6 – 7 )

Page 79: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

I N C O N C L U S I O N …

Page 80: THE LOCATION OF MT SINAI - Joel's Trumpetthe midst of the maidens beating tambourines. (psalm 68:21–25) the words of the blessing which enoch blessed the righteous chosen who will

• I n c o n c l u s i o n , H e i s e r ’ s m a k e s s e v e r a l s u b s t a n t i a l e r r o r s .

• T o b e v e r y c l e a r , H e i s e r h a s s o m e f a n t a s t i c m a t e r i a l , b u t i n t h i s p a r t i c u l a r c a s e , i n h i s e f f o r t t o d i s t a n c e h i m s e l f f r o m J e b e l a l - L a w z , h e m a d e s o m e v e r y s i g n i f i c a n t a n d s l o p p y b l u n d e r s .

• T h e l o c a t i o n o f J e b e l a l - L a w z a s t h e r e a l M t S i n a i r e m a i n s t o b e t h e b e s t o f a l l p o s s i b l e c a n d i d a t e s a n d h a s n o s u b s t a n t i a l p r o b l e m s .