the life-cycle of legal identity · adult identity: national id, driver license, voter id civil...
TRANSCRIPT
TheLife-cycleofLegalIdentity
Presentedby:KristenWenz,GlobalTechnicalLeadforCivilRegistration&LegalIdentity,UNICEF
ID4Africa19June,2019Johannesburg,SouthAfrica
Legalidentity:Wheredowestart?Theageoldquestion……
Healthsystem:Immunizationandchildhealth
services
Marriage/Divorce
Healthinformation
causeofdeath
Nutrition,Protection
Education
Adultidentity:NationalID,driverlicense,voterID
Civilregistration:Birth
Civilregistration
Civilregistration:DeathIdentityofyourourownchildrenincluding
adoption
Civilregistration
Inheritance,landownership
Employment,taxes,bankaccount
Higher-Education
CivilRegistrationSystemsLegalproofoffamilyties(parents,spouse,children)toclaim:
○ Inheritance○ Land○ Nationality○ Custodyofchildren
Howcanweproveachildisachildsotheycanenjoytheirrights?○ Tohealthcare○ Togotoschool○ Toreceivesocialsupport○ Notbemarriedbeforeage18○ Notberecruitedintoarmedforceschild○ Notbeforcedintoharmfullabor
Withoutabirthtodeathapproachtoidentity….
○ Howtoauthenticateidentityandeligibilityteenagers/adultsregisteringforadultIDschemes?
○ Howdoyouavoidfraudandmultiple“identities”?
○ Howto‘retire’identitiesupondeath?
○ Unverifiedentries,multipleregistrations,exclusionerrors,inclusionerrors,fakeidentities,anddeadvoters
Linkagebetweenthenationalidentificationdatabaseandthecivilregistrationsystem29countrieshaveanationalidentificationdatabase,butonly13islinkedtothecivilregistration
InformationfromthebirthcertificateistheprimarysourceforissuingnationalIDin33countries,andpassportsin35*Basedonresponsesobtainedfrom39countriesoutofthe54memberStates.
https://au.int/sites/default/files/newsevents/workingdocuments/33070-wd-en_-_report_on_the_status_of_civil_registration_and_vital_statistics_in_africa_25sept.pdf
In2000about40%ofAfrica’schildrenunderage5were
registered…
thisfigureremains
unchangedtoday.
Insub-SaharanAfrica,only25%ofnewbornshaveabirthcertificate Over20
milliondonothavetheirbirths
registered
28milliondonothavea
birthcertificate.80percentofchildrenU5 donothavebirth
certificatesintheeastandsouthernAfricaregion
10countriesinAfricarequireabirthcertificatetoaccess
publichealthorimmunization
Evidenceshows,bettercivilregistrationleadstobetterhealthoutcomes
28countriesinAfricarequirea
birthcertificatetoaccesssocialsupport
Childrenlivinginpovertyare1.5lesslikelytohavetheirbirthregisteredcomparedtochildrenlivinginweatherhouseholds
39countriesinAfricarequireabirthcertificateforeducation
Childrenwithoutbirthcertificatesfacemajorobstaclesenrollingineducationservicesandcompletingschool
Withoutabirthcertificate,byageofNationalIDchildrenmaybeexcludedfrom:
•Health&immunizationservices•Childhoodnutrition&development• Schoolenrollmentorcompletion• Socialsupportsystems
TheSustainableSolution:IntegratedCivilRegistrationandNationalIDSystems
• CostSavings• Reducesbarriersforaccesstoidentitysystems• Avoidsduplicative/fragmentedidentitysystems• Lowersriskforidentityfraud• Canassignauniqueidentitynumberfrombirth• Moreaccuratepopulationcoveragerates• Enablesaccurateandtimelydemographicdatageneratedbyvitalstatisticssystems• Greaterinclusion• Betterhealthoutcomes• Increasededucationalattainment• Reductioninpoverty
THANKYOU!KristenWenz:[email protected]
GlobalTechnicalLeadonCivilRegistrationandLegalIdentity
UNICEFHeadquarters,NewYork,NewYork
• Digitaltechnologiesprovideauniqueopportunitytoexpandreachthroughmobilephones,leveragefunctionalsystemslikehealthinformationsystemstoincreasebirthanddeaths.
• HOWEVER,theycannotleapfrogcivilregistrationsystems
Education39
SocialAssistance
19
Health,10
NumberofcountriesinAfricawhichrequireabirthcertificatetoaccessthefollowingservices
Source:ASnapshotofCivilRegistrationinSub-SaharanAfrica(2017)extractedfromdata.unicef.org
ThereisadirectinverserelationshipbetweenbirthregistrationandvoterIDcoveragebetweenlowandhighincomeeconomies.
37
9199.9
89
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
BirthRegistration VoterRegistration
BRvsVRbyGDP
LowIncome HighIncome