THE LIFE-BO AT,OR

JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION.

VOL. V.—No. 57.] JULY IST, 1865.PRICE 3D.

With Illustrations.[ISSUED (JDABTEKLI.

OUR LIGHTS AND LIGHTHOUSES." How far that little candle throws his beams!

So shines a good deed in a naughty world."Merchant of Vawx,

IF the faint twinkling of a candle's lightwas calculated to awaken so beautiful anidea in the mind of our great dramatist andpoet, to what shall we liken that noblelight which not only so far transcends thelittle candle in magnitude and beauty, andin the distance to which its beams arethrown, but whose mission is to protect andsave,—which pierces the midnight gloom,lighting the seaman's path along the tracklessdeep, to warn Mm of the hidden shoal, thesunken rock, the beetling cliff—to be, as itwere, " a light to his feet and a lamp to hispath—to guide him to the haven where hewould be?" It may be likened to religion'sholy light, which reveals to man the roadto Heaven, and warns him of the manyhidden dangers on which moral shipwreckmay befall him on his way.

So calculated, indeed, is the beacon-lightto awaken elevated and even holy thoughts,that it seems somewhat strange so humble,and indeed unsuitable, a name as "light-house " should have been adopted to signifythe shrine of so splendid a jewel, and espe-cially as such buildings have rarely theappearance of a house at all. A tower, ormore often a spire, their tall and grace-ful forms resemble, and accordingly theirnames in some' other European • languageshave such a signification—as the " Tour afea," in the French, and the "Torre deluces," in the Spanish language. Theirmore frequent name is, however, taken fromthe Greek "Pharos;" the celebrated light-

tower of Alexandria, erected there, on asmall island of that name, by Ptolemy Phila-delphus, about 300 years before the birth ofChrist; thus " phare" in French, and, inour own language, the term " pharology"has been adopted to signify the science oflighting up sea-coasts with beacon or warn-ing lights.

The most ancient light-tower of whichthere is any authentic record is the oneabove named, which endured for 1,600years. Others were erected at Ostia, Ka-venna, Apamea, and at Capio, or Apio, asrecorded by Pliny, Strabo, and other wri-ters. The oldest existing light-tower isthat at Corunna, in Spain, said to have beenerected in the reign of Trajan, and nowfitted with one of the finest modern light-apparatus. The celebrated Colossus ofRhodes has also been supposed by someto have had a light at its summit, but onno certain evidence. Various ruins of towerson the coasts of Great Britain, and on theshores of Europe, have likewise been sup-posed to be the remains of ancient light-houses ; and, if such be the case, they maybe looked on as fitting emblems of the de-parted light of the earlier civilization of ourrace, which was followed by a long periodof barbaric darkness.

The subject of pharology, although itmay not be of universal interest, shouldat least be so to every Englishman who issensible of the vast commercial intercoursebetween his island-home and the worldaround it, and of the immense effect of thatintercourse in promoting the prosperity andadvancement not only of his own countryand its numerous dependencies, but directlyand indirectly of the whole world.

LIFE-BOAT JOURNAL.—Vol. V.—No. 57. 2 u

698 THE LIFE-BOAT. [JtjLT 1, 1865.

The slight 'sketch, which is all that wecan attempt, of this to us interesting subject,we will divide into the three heads underwhich it seems naturally to fall, namely—

1st.—The towers or buildings containingthe lights.

2nd.—The lights themselves.3rd.—The positions in which such lights

are placed.

1. The Buildings.—The character of thebuildings in which the beacon-lights areplaced is dependent on their situation.They may be placed on lofty cliffs at a con-siderable height above the sea, as at Flam-borough Head and the North and SouthForeland, in which case the building itselfneed not be lofty, but only of such peculiarshape and colour as to make it conspicuous

Via. 1.—THE TOUR DE COBDUAN.

from the sea by daylight, and to make iteasily distinguished from the dwelling-housesor other buildings in its neighbourhood. Orthey may be situated on low promontoriesbut little above the sea-level, as on the flatbeds of shingle at Orfordness and Dunge-ness, where they must be raised to a con-siderable elevation, that the light by nightand the building by day may be discernibleat long distances from the land. Or they

may be fixed on the isolated and even sunkenrock, as the celebrated Eddystone in theEnglish Channel, in which case the wholeskill and science of the engineer must beexpended, hot only on their foundations, buton their entire structure, to enable them tostand the mighty shocks of the ocean-waves.Or, lastly, they may be required to stand in thevery midst of the " great deep " itself, wherenot even a sunken rock will afford a founda-

JULY 1,1865.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 699

tion on which to build; and then they mustbe either erected on open work of piles, oron a floating-vessel, strongly moored tothe ground below, many of which invaluablethough non-locomotive craft may be seenaround our coasts, warning the mariner fromthe treacherous sandbanks that are so nume-rous in our tidal sea.

The principal class of buildings of thisdescription to be noticed are those of the thirdclass above alluded to, which are erected onoutlying rocks, or on softer ground in shallowwater; for such edifices are invested withpeculiar interest, from the skill and energy

that have been engaged in their construction ;as being amongst the most striking illustra-tions of the conquest of mind over matter;and as being invested with a certain wildromantic interest from their isolated ex-ceptional positions, eternally surrounded bythe great watery waste, and cut off fromthe busy haunts of man.

The Tour de Corduan (Fig. 1). — Per-haps the first light-tower that has claim onour attention, as far as architectural grandeuris concerned, is the Tour de Corduan.It is erected on an extensive reef at themouth of the river Garonne, in France, and

iO -O .TO 4-0

FIQ. 2.—THE EDDYSTONE.

serves as a guide to the shipping of Bordeauxand the Languedoc Canal, and, indeed, of allthat part of the Bay of Biscay. It wascommenced in the year 1584, and not com-pleted until 1610. It is 197 ft. high, andaround the base is a wall of circumvallation134ft. in diameter, in which the light-keeper's apartments are formed, somewhatin the style of the casemates in a fortification.Its first light was obtained by burning billetsof wood in a chauffer at the top of the tower,which was no doubt the mode by which allthe earlier light-towers were illuminated.

It has since gone through all the gradationsof improvement of the several modern dis-coveries, viz., from a fire of wood to one ofcoal, and the subsequent addition of a rudereflector; next, in about the year 1780, thesubstitution of improved reflectors and lamps;and lastly, in 1822, by the introduction ofthe dioptric apparatus, first proposed byour distinguished countryman SIK DAVIDBKEWSTER, in 1812, and subsequently inFrance by M. FRESNEL.

The Eddystone (Fig. 2).—Of the Britishlight-towers of this class, that on the Eddy-

2 D 2

700 THE LIFE-BOAT. [JULY 1,1865.

stone rock, 9 miles off the coast of Cornwall,is the most celebrated, although muchlarger ones have been since built on the samedesign. The first light-tower on these dan-gerous rocks was designed by Mr. Wis-STANLEY, and was formed of wood; it wascommenced in 1696 and completed in 1698,It was 60 ft. high; but as the sea brokefairly over its top, its height was subse-quently increased to 120 ft. In November,1703, some considerable repairs were beingexecuted, when the storm of the 26th ofthat month swept the entire edifice away,and Mr. WISSTANLEY and the whole of hisassistants, 30 in number, unhappily perishedon the occasion ; a proof of the danger anddifficulty attending the construction of suchworks. Shortly after its destruction, theWinchelsea ship-of-war was wrecked t>nthese rocks, and most of her crew weredrowned. In 1706, another tower, likewiseof wood, was commenced under the directionof Mr. JOHN RUDYEED, of London, and wascompleted in 1708. This one lasted untilthe year 1755, when the whole edifice wasdestroyed by fire. The height of this towerwas 92 ft., and the diameter at its base 23 ft.

The great importance of a light on thesedangerous rocks having been long recognizedby seamen, no time was now lost in re-placing it, and Mr. SMEATON was intrustedwith its re-erection. On the 12th June,1757, the first stone of the present edificewas laid, and the last on the 20th August,1759. The whole structure is 93 ft. inheight, and has 26 ft. diameter at the base.The first twelve feet above the rock is asolid mass of masonry, the stones beingunited to each other by means of stonejoggles, dovetailed joints, and oak tree-nails.This beautiful tower, which, after the lapseof more than a century, stands as firm asthe rock on which it rests, has been themodel of successive structures in similarpositions.

The Bell Rock.—Amongst the chief of theselight-towers is the Bell Rock tower, on theEast Coast of Scotland, on a dangerous reef,right in the fairway to the Friths of Forth andTay, which had long been a terror to mari-ners ; the task of erecting a durable edifice

on this reef was a. still more difficult onethan had been that in the case of the Eddy-stone, since there was a depth of 12 ft. ofwater over the rocks at every spring-tide.All difficulties, however, were overcome, anda splendid stone tower, after the model ofthe Eddystone, was successfully erectedunder the direction of Mr. ROBERT STEVEN-SON, the engineer to the Lighthouse Boardof Scotland. This tower is 100 ft. high,42 ft. in diameter at the base, and 15 ft. atthe top. The foundation having been ex-cavated, the first stone was laid on the 10thJuly, 1808, and the light was first exhibitedon the night of the 1st February, 1810.Its base is of solid masonry to the height of30 ft., at which height is the door for ingressand egress, and which is reached from theoutside by a massive copper ladder. It cost60,000?.

The Skerryvore.—Another coble specimenof sea-architecture, if we may use the term,is also to be found on the coast of Scotland.—The Skerryvore Rocks on the coast ofArgyleshire, 12 miles W.S.W. of the Isleof Tyree, were long known as the dread ofseamen, owing to the numerous shipwrecksthat had occurred on them, fatal alike to thevessels and their crews.

The Commissioners of the NorthernLighthouses had for many years entertainedthe project of erecting a light-tower on theSkerryvore reef, and with that object hadvisited it in the year 1814, in company withSm WALTER SCOTT, who has given a graphicdescription of it in his " Diary." It was not,however, until the year 1834 that a minutesurvey of the reef was undertaken by thatBoard, and the work was not actually com-menced before 1838. In illustration of thedanger attending the construction of suchedifices we will describe some details regard-ing the commencement of this light-tower.

The Skerryvore reef, which stretches overa surface of nearly 8 miles from W.S.W.to E.N.E., is composed of the very hardigneous rock called gneiss, the surface ofwhich is worn as smooth as glass by theperpetual motion of the water. In numerousplaces it rises above the surface of the water,forming small rocky islets, the principle one

JULY 1, 1865.] •THE LIFE-BOAT. 701

of which alone presents sufficient surface toform the base of a light-tower; and it is sosmall, that at high water little of it remainsabove the surface but a narrow baud of afew feet in width, and some rugged lumpsof rock, separated from it by gullies, throughwhich the sea almost incessantly plays. Thecutting of the foundation alone, in this irre-gular flinty mass, occupied nearly two sum-mers; and the blasting of the rock in sonarrow a space, without any shelter from theflying splinters, was attended with muchhazard.

In such a situation, of course, everythinghad to be provided beforehand, and trans-ported from a distance; and the omissioneven of a little clay for the tamping of themine-holes might for a time have stoppedthe works. Barracks had to be built at theworkyard in the neighbouring island ofTyree, and also on the Isle of Mull, wherethe granite for the tower was quarried. Piershad to be built at both places, to facilitatethe shipment and landing of materials ; anda small harbour or basin, with a reservoirand sluices for scouring the entrance, had tobe specially formed, for the accommodationof the small vessel required to permanentlyattend on the light-keepers. A steam-tughad also to be provided, to expedite thetransport of the building materials, and whichalso served, in the early stages of the work;as a floating-barrack for the workmen, inwhich service she and those on board he;had to incur many risks, the tug being mooredoff the rock on foul and rocky ground, onwhich the anchor often tripped.

In the summer of 1838, Mr. ALANSTEVENSON, the engineer who designed thetower, commenced by erecting a woodenbarrack on the rock, as far as possible re-moved from the foundation ; but in the greatgale of the 3rd November following, it wasentirely destroyed and swept from the rockleaving nothing but a few twisted iron stan-chions to mark its site. For the greaterpart of two seasons, the men then lived onboard the vessel moored off the rock; at theend of which time they erected anotherwooden barrack, more strongly secured thanthe former one, and which fortunately enduredthrough the winter's storms, until the com

pletion of the building, and indeed till manyears afterwards, notwithstanding that, as

Mr. STEVENSON describes it, they were oftendisturbed in their beds by the sea pouringver the roof, by the spurting of the water

through the doors and windows, and by the•ocking of the whole edifice on its supports.

The Skerryvore light-tower was com-pleted in 1844. It is 138f ft. high, ex-;lusive of the lantern, 42 ft. in diameter at:he base, and 16 ft. at the top. It was anidaptation of Smeaton's Eddystone-tower,with such modifications in the size and;eneral arrangements of the building as were

called for by the peculiar situation and othercircumstances, while it embodied such im-provements as later knowledge had sug-gested.

The tower contains a mass of stoneworkof about 58,580 cubic feet, being more thandouble that of the Bell Rock, and nearly fivetimes that of the Eddystone. Its cost, in-cluding all the contingent and preliminaryexpenses, was 86,978/.

The other light-towers of this descriptionmost worthy of notice are the Bishop Eock,off Scilly, the New Smalls, that on theHanois Rock on the Jersey coast, and per-haps that at Carlingford on the east coast ofIreland. The three first named have beenall erected by the Trinity House, under thesuperintendence of the Messrs. DOUGLASS,who are now engaged on the difficult taskof erecting a tower on the Wolf Rock offthe Laud's End. The Carlingford towerwas designed by Mr. GEORGE HALPIN, theinspector of the Irish lights ; it was firstexhibited on the 20th December, 1830.Its figure is that of a frustrum of a cone,111 ft. high, and 48 ft. in diameter at the base.

Some idea may be formed of the diffi-culties in the way of erecting light-towers ofthis class, from the circumstance that inworking at the tower on the Wolf Rock,82 working hours is said to have been thewhole time that was available to work onthe rock during the year 1862. Someidea may likewise be formed of the tremen-dous strain to which they are subjectedfrom the fact that, at Skerryvore, where aninstrument to test the. force of the waveshad been exposed, it was found to hayeequalled, in the maximum case, no less than

702 THE LIFE-BOAT. [JULY 1,1865.

6,083Ibs. on the square foot; also fromthe fact that, at the Bishop Rock Light-tower, off Scilly, a massive bell, which wasfixed with strong iron supports, built intothe masonry, at 120 ft. above the level ofthe sea, was struck with such force by awave which ran up the tower, that it waswrenched from its position, while its ironsupports were broken. It will be readily felt,then, that the greatest possible strength thathuman ingenuity can devise must be re-quisite to resist the impact of such enormousforces. This strength is obtained in thestone-towers by a solid mass of masonry, toa height of 30 ft. in some towers, above thesea-level, the stones being all dovetailedtogether, both laterally and vertically, andunited by hydraulic cement, so that thestones cannot be separated without beingbroken, and the whole base is literally assolid and indivisible as if it were a natural,solid rock.

A novel class of towers has been designedand erected by Mr. ALEXANDER GORDON,consisting of iron plates bolted together.There are several fine examples of his light-towers at Jamaica, Bermuda, the Bahamas,and other places. They are well adaptedfor positions and countries where skilledlabour and suitable materials are wanting.

Another description of light-tower, or

lighthouse, deserving of notice, is that onthe ingenious plan of Mr. ALEXANDERMITCHELL, supported on screw-piles. Build-ings of this class are especially applicable to

shallow waters, at the estuaries of rivers,and such-like situations, over flat, soft groundof mud or sand. The Maplin, at themouth of the Thames, was the first of these,begun in 1838. It stands on nine piles,secured to as many iron screws, which werescrewed down to a depth of 22 ft. into thesand (Fig. 3). These screws consist of asingle turn of a flange, 4 ft. in diameter, onthe lower end of the iron pile (Fig. 4).

Fio. 4.

They were fixed in nine consecutive days,under the personal direction of the blindinventor. The piles are secured in placeand bound together by suitable ties, and thedwelling-room and lantern are placed abovethe reach of the sea, which breaks harm-lessly through the open work of iron piles,&c., beneath. Similar buildings have beenconstructed at Fleetwood, Belfast, and otherplaces.

Lastly, there remains to be described thefloating-lights. It is, we believe, an axiomin pharology never to place a floating lightwhere a suitable position can be had for afixed building; the reasons being, that theirlights must be comparatively small; thatthey are liable to drag their anchors inviolent storms, and thus, by their change ofposition, to mislead instead of guiding, al-though this does not often happen; thatthey are much more expensive, requiring 11men to work them, whereas 3 men are allthat are necessary to occupy a first-classlight-tower ; the cost of management of theformer being about 1,3001. per annum, andof the latter 350Z.; also that they are muchmore troublesome, requiring to be periodi-cally taken into dock to refit, on whichoccasions they have to be replaced by similarvessels. There are 51 floating lights onthe coasts of the United Kingdom, beinga greater number than appear in any othercountry, the United States of Americahaving only 39 lights. These craft are ingeneral ordinary-shaped vessels, and are now

JULY 1, 1865.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 703

expressly built for the purpose. The float-ing light-vessels of Mr. GEORGE HERBERT'Sdesign are, however, circular, and are mooredfrom their centre of gravity. They haveimmense stability, and are comparativelymotionless; they have been found to answeradmirably where adopted for floating bea-cons, &c. (Fig. 5.)

Light-vessels are ordinarily painted of adark-red colour, to make them readily dis-tinguishable from all other craft, and thatcolour, which is the opposite of green, beingmore conspicuous than any other on thesurface of the water.

The greatest depth of water in which anyof these vessels at present ride, is aboutforty fathoms, as is the case with the one atthe station of the Seven Stones, betweenthe Scilly Islands and Cornwall.

The lights on land, or lighthouses, whichare at the highest elevation, with the dis-tances they command in clear weather, aregiven in the following table, compiled fromthe general return published by the Ad-miralty :—

.Yearerected.

Height of DistancesLaatetn at viMsk

above High the LightsWater. are seen.

Feet lliles.Lizard . . . 1751 224 20Needles . . . 1786 469 27Beachy Head . 1828 285 22South Foreland 1793 372 25Cromer . . . 1719 274 22Flamborough Head 1806 214 19Inchkeith . . 1804 220 18Isle of May. . 1816 240 21DunnetHead . 1831 346 23Suraburgh Head 1821 300 22Cape "Wrath . 1828 400 25BarraHead . 1833 680 32Kintyre . . . 1787 297 22Mull of Galloway 1830 325 23Calf of Man . 1818 375 22St. Bee's Head . m& S33 23Lundy Island . 1820 540 30Cape Clear . . 1817 455 27Clare Island . 1806 349 27Skellig's Kock 1826 372 25

The figures which are appended, togetherwith the above brief sketch, will, perhaps,give a sufficient general idea of the natureof the buildings which enclose and protectthe beacon-lights that encircle our shores.In our next Number we hope to give adescription of those lights themselves.

704 THE LIFE-BOAT. [JULY 1,1865.

ADDITIONAL STATIONS AND NEW LIFE-BOATS.

NORTH DEAL.—A new life-boat stationhas been established by the NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION, at the north end of thetown of Deal on the Kentish coast, as it wasthought that a life-boat placed there mightbe useful on occasions of wrecks on thenorthern part of the Goodwin Sands; for,by running through an opening in the sandscalled the Swashway, she might reachdistressed vessels in some positions beforeeither the Ramsgate or Walmer life-boats.As it was most essential that the boat shouldsail fast, a very fine life-boat, 40 feet longand 10 feet wide, has been built expressly forthis station. The boat sailed from Londonto its destination manned by the coxswainand some of the crew; and in this and subse-quent trials she proved to be very fast undersail, as well as manageable under oars, andto have great stability. A handsome boat-house has been provided for this life-boat.E. W. COOKE, Esq., R.A., F.R.S., haskindly contributed 200Z. towards the ex-penses of the life-boat establishment, and hascollected about 1502. in addition from hisfriends and others in aid of the same bene-volent object. The life-boat is named theVan Kook.

TRAMOEE, IRELAND. — A new 32-feetdouble-banked life-boat and transporting-carriage have been forwarded to Tramore,near Waterford, by the Institution, to re-place a smaller 6-oared boat formerly there,which was thought not to have sufficientpower to be pulled oat to the bay on occa-sions of heavy storms. The expense (250Z.)of this new life-boat was defrayed from afund collected amongst the Members of theCambridge University Boat Club. At theirdesire the boat is named the Tom Egan, aftera former President of the Club, who hasbeen for a long period a zealous and valu-able coadjutor of the NATIONAL LIFE-BOATINSTITUTION, and who partly originated inthe Club the project of raising the cost ofa life-boat. Messrs. MALCOLMSON readilygave, as usual, a free conveyance on board

their vessels to the new and old life-boatsbetween London and Waterford.

ARDMORE, IRELAND.—The Institution hasjust placed a 32-feet 10-oared life-boat atArdmorej on the coast of Waterford, in-stead of a small boat previously there. Thecost (300Z.) of the new life-boat was thegift of "A Friend," through B. B. MAX-NION, Esq.; and the boat is called theSalomon, at the request of the generousdonor. The British and Irish Steam-packetCompany readily carried the new and oldlife-boats and carriages between Londonand Waterford on board their vessels.

SUNDERLAND.—The seamen of this porthaving expressed a wish that the NATIONALLIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION would furnish themwith one of its self-righting life-boats in lieuof their present boats, and Miss BURDETTCOUTTS—rwho had generously given the sea-men one of their boats—having readily givenher consent to the exchange, the Institutionhas forwarded to this important station a first-class 33-feet 10-oared life-boat, with a trans-porting-carriage. These have been placedin a boat-house temporarily prepared forthem, in readiness for active service. Theexpense of the new life-boat was defrayedfrom a fund raised for that purpose in thetown and county of Derby by THOMAS ROE,Esq., Mayor of Derby, WILLIAM PEAT,Esq., and other gentlemen. The boat is*called the Florence Nightingale, after thedistinguished lady of that name, who is anative of Derbyshire. The life-boat waspublicly exhibited in Derby on its way toits station, and subsequently on arriving atSunderland, a grand demonstration tookplace, the boat being received with accla-mation by the seamen and others. TheMidland and North Eastern Railway Compa-nies, kindly forwarded the boat and carriageto their destination from London vi& Derby.

HOUY ISLAND, NORTHUMBERLAND.—TheInstitution has just renovated this life-boatstation, which was formerly under the

JULY 1, 1865.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 705

management of Lord CREWE'S trustees, and ithas placed there a new 32-feet double-bankedlife-boat, provided with a transporting car-riage, in the boat-house which has been pre-pared for their reception. Lady W ,through Sir W. G. ARMSTRONG, K.C.B.,F.R.S., placed 600?. at the disposal of theSociety to defray the expense of renovatingthis life-boat establishment. The new life-boat has been named the Grace Darling,after the heroine who many years ago dis-tinguished herself in saving life from ship-wreck near Holy Island. The GreatNorthern and North Eastern Railway Com-panies readily conveyed the boat and car-riage over their lines as near as possible totheir destination.

We append from the " Book of Days "—a most valuable work, published by Messrs.CHAMBERS, Edinburgh—a brief narration ofthe circumstances connected with the wreckof the Fwfarshire, which first brought GRACEDARLING and her father prominently beforethe public •—" It was on the 6th of September, 1838, that the

event took place which has given the family cele-brity. The Forfan/tire, a steamer of about 300tons, JOHN HUMBLE, master, was on her way fromHull to Dundee. She had a valuable cargo, and

I sixty-three persons on board—the master and hiswife, a crew of twenty men, and forty-one pas-sengers. A slight leak, patched up before herdeparture from Hull, broke out afresh when off1'lamborough Head, and rendered it difficult tomaintain the fires of the engine. She passedbetween the Farne Islands and the mainland aboutsix o'clock in the evening of the 5th of September,and then began to encounter the high sea and astrong north wind. The leak increasing, the en-gine fires gradually went out, and, although thesails were then used, they could not prevent thevessel from being driven southward: wind, rain,fog, and the heavy sea all beset the hapless vesselat once. About four o'clock on the morning ofthe Gth, she struck, bows foremost, on a preci-pitous part of the rocky island. Some of. the crewand one of the passengers left the ship in one ofthe boats; two other passengers perished in theattempt to throw themselves into the boat. Thefemales on board clustered round the master,shrieking and imploring aid which he could notafford them. A heavy wave striking the vesselon the quarter, raised her from the- rock, and thencaused her to fall violently on it again; she en-countered a sharp ledge, which cut her in twain,about midships; the fore part remained on therock, while the hinder part was carried off by arapid current through a channel called the PiperGut. In this fearful situation the remainder ofthe passengers and crew awaited the arrival ofdaylight, no one knowing how soon the wavesmight destroy them altogether. At daybreak WIL-LIAM DARLISO descried them from the LongstoneLighthouse, about a mile distant, and it soon be-came known at Bamburgh and Holy Island thata ship had been wrecked. So fearfully did thewaves beat against the rock that the boatmen ofNorth Sunderlaad refused to put off; and DARLING,accusto»ed to scenes of danger as he was, shrankfrom the peril of attempting to reach the wreck

in a boat. Not so his gentle and heroic daughter,GRACE. She could see, by the aid of a glass, thesufferers clinging to the wreck; and, agonized atthe sight, she entreated her father to be allowed togo with him in a boat to endeavour to rescue them.At last he yielded: the mother assisted to launchthe boat into the water, and father and daughtereach took an'oar. And so they rowed this fearfulmile, at each instant in danger of being swampedby the waves. They reached the wreck, andfound nine survivors; one of whom, a weaver'swife, was found in the fore cabin, exposed to theintrusion of the sea, and two children lay stiffenedcorpses in her arms. The whole nine went withDARLING and his daughter into the boat, andsafely reached the lighthouse, where, owing tothe severity of the weather, they were forced toremain two days, kindly attended to by DARLING,his wife, and daughter.

" YThen the news of this daring exploit ieachedthe coast, all Northumberland was filled withadmiration, and speedily the whole kingdom wassimilarly affected. The name of ' DARLING r be-came everywhere known; and their gallant ex-ploit became the theme of every tongue. GRACEherself received attention from all quarters; andtourists innumerable came to see the LongstoneLighthouse, but still more to see GRACE herself.The Duke and Duchess CHARLOTTE of Northum-berland invited DARLING and his brave daughterto Alnwick Castle, and gave her a gold watch;the silver medal of the National Shipwreck (nowLife-boat) Institution was presented to her andher father; and testimonials came from variouspublic bodies. A purse of 700J. was presentedto her by public subscription: portraits of herwere eagerly sought and purchased; and thespeculating manager of a London theatre evenoffered to her a large sum, said to have been201. a night, if she would merely sit in a boaton the stage for a few minutes, during the per-formance of a piece -written for the occasion,the subject of which was the heroic adventure ofDARLING and his daughter. But her modest andretiring disposition revolted from this last-namednotoriety; she rejected the offer, and throughoutthe whole of her novel, tempting career, she neveronce departed from her gentle womanly de-meanour. About four years after the event whichhas given her name an everlasting fame, she diedat Bamburgh, of consumption, on the 20th ofOctober, 1842,81 the early age of twenty-seven."

We may add that Mr. WM. DARLINGdied on the 21st May last, at Bamburgh.He was in his eightieth year, and was muchand deservedly regretted. About a fort-night previous to his decease, the HolyIsland life-boat, bearing the name of hisDrave daughter, arrived on its station; andt could not have failed to soothe his lastlours to reflect that her memory was stillremembered and cherished.

SERVICES OF THE LIFE-BOATS OFTHE NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT IN-STITUTION.

NORTHUMBERLAND. — Oh themorning of the 17th November; while aarge number of fishing-boats were out, thewind rose, on the turn of the tide, to a

706 THE LIFE-BOAT. [JULY 1, 1865.

strong gale from S.E. The sea was alsovery rough. The cobles that were nearestthe shore managed to get in safely, when theircrews immediately manned the life-boat,and went oft' to the help of their fellow-

• fishermen. One boat was out at a distanceof two miles; but with the assistance of thelife-boat, she and all the other boats withtheir crews were safely got -into port. TheHon. Sec., the Rev. F. H. ASHHURST,thought that nearly 100 persons were re-leased from imminent peril by the timelyhelp and presence of the life-boat.

NEW QUAY, CORNWALL.—On the 18thNovember, the schooner Heroine, of Milford,was driven on the Bar near New Quay Har-bour, from loss of sails and stress of weather,The Moses life-boat was at once launched,and brought safely ashore the vessel's crewof 5 men.

TENBY, SOBTH WALES.—On the morn-ing of the 18th November the sloop Active,of Carmarthen, was observed with signals ofdistress flying, in Caldy Roads, off Tenby.There was a heavy gale of wind blowingfrom W.N.W., and the sea was breakingheavily over the vessel. The Tenby life-boat was quickly launched, and jescued thecrew of 3 men from the sloop. Subse-quently the gale moderated, and a fishing-smack succeeded in bringing the .vesselsafely into port.

PESTARTH, SOUTH WALES.—About ,7o'clock on the evening of the 18th Novem-ber, information was received at Penarththat a large ship was stranded on theS.W.. Patch. The life-boat at once proceededto the spot in tow of a steam-tug. On ar-riving alongside, some of the life-boat's crewboarded the ship and assisted in getting her•from her perilous position. They receivedithe hearty thanks of both owner and master'for so promptly coming to their help. The•vessel proved to be the ship Far West, ofNewport, Monmouth, -bound from Callao to(Queenstown with, a cargo of guano.

iBLAKENEY, NORFOLK.—-On the morningof .the 23rd November the schooner Fer-nand,, of St. .Male, stranded on the WestSand, at the entrance of Blakeney Harbour.;In the evening it came on to blow heavilyfrom E.S.E., causing a very bad sea, which.placed the crew, who bad hithesto refusedto leave their vessel, in very great danger.The Blakeney lifeboat went out and broughtsafely ashore the crew of 5 men.

On the 20th February, 1865, the Blake-ney life-boat again went out,i \andi-rescued theerew of 13 men from the'barque Arnfino,, of

Sunderlaud, which was totally wrecked,during thick weather, about 3 miles eastof Blakeney Harbour. The life-boat alsobrought ashore 5 men who had previouslyboarded the vessel in their own boat, andwere unable to reach the land again in her.

WINTEKTON, NORFOLK.—On the 24thNovember, at 5'30 A.M., signals of distresswere observed to ,the northward. Astrong gale from the E.S,E. was blow-ing at the time, accompanied with rain.The Winterton Jife-boat was launched, andwith great difficulty succeeded in taking thecrew of 6 men from the rigging of the brigJohn, of Hartlepool, and afterwards in landingthem safely.

BERWICK-ON-TWEED.—On the 24th No-vember three fishing-boats were seen makingfor the harbour. The weather at the timewas very stormy and a heavy sea was runningon the Bar, through which it was feared theycould not pass safely. The Albert Victorlife-boat was accordingly launched, and pro-ceeding over the Bar, piloted the boats safelyinto harbour.

GREAT YARMOUTH,—About 5 A.M., onthe 24th November, the barque Sea Serpent,of South Shields, was observed ashore op-posite the Wellington Pier, the wind blow-ing a gale from the E. at the time. TheYarmouth small surf life-boat was im-mediately launched, and with great difficulty,after lying alongside for half an hour, owingto the crew refusing to leave the ship,rescued 3 of their number from their peril-ous position, and landed them safely on"Yarmouth Beach. The remainder .of thevessel's crew, numbering 16 omen, weresaved by ,the rocket-apparatus.

,Abowt -9'30 P.M., on the 7th December,the St, Nicholas lightship was observedthrowing .up rockets, and a light was seenas if from a vessel in distress «n the JScrobySands. The Yarmouth large life-boat wasimmediately launched, and proceeded in thedirection of '.the signals of distress, whichwere found to .proceed from the Austrianbrig Zorniza, of Lucine, which had strandedon the Scroby Sands. Every exertion wasmade by the • life-boat's crew to save thevessel, and they ultimately succeeded ingetting her off" the sand-; but having pre-viously lost her rudder, she was quite un-manageable, and again gat on the sand. Thecrew, consisting of 12 men smd a pilot, werethen taken on board the life-boat with greatdifficulty, and afterwards brought safelyashore. The sea was very heavy, and oneof the beachmen's yawls, the Bravo^ w,as

JULY 1, 1865.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 707

damaged to such an extent in endeavouringto assist the vessel, that her crew of 7 menleft her and gladly got into the life-boat,fearing their own boat would sink.

NEW ROMNEY, KENT.—On the night ofthe ,24th November the barque LouisFourteenth, of Dunkirk, parted her cables inDungeness Roads, and afterwards became atotal wreck, on Rornney Hoy, during astrong gale of wind from the S.S.E., withheavy rain. The N«w Rbmney life-boatwas quickly launched through a heavy sea,and brought safely ashore the whole of theship's crew, consisting of 15 persons.

DROUGHTY FERRY, DUNDEE.—About 3A.M. on the 25th November the MaryHartley life-boat was launched, and pro-ceeded, in tow of a steam-tug, down theriver to Buddonness, to. the rescue of thecrew of a vessel reported to be in distress.At daylight the schooner David and John,of Montrose, was seen amongst the brokenwater, near No. 2, Gaa Buoy, in a dangerousposition. The life-boat immediately pulledto her, and with considerable difficulty gotalongside, and took off the crew of 4 men,and afterwards landed them in safety. Theweather was very stormy. The schoonerwas left at anchor, but sunk soon after thecrew had been taken off. The life-boat be-haved remarkably well in the heavy seathat was running at the time.

Soon after the life-boat returned to herstation, the S.S. Queen, of Dundee, re-ported a wreck on the Abertay Sands. Afresh crew was mustered, and the life-boatat once proceeded again, in tow of the Queen,some distance down the river, when themasts of a wreck were observed a long dis-tance off to the south of the bank. Assome doubts existed as to whether some ofthe vessel's crew might not be clinging tothe rigging, the life-boat's crew resolved topull over the Banks. After going througha tremendous sea, which repeatedly filledthe life-boat, she arrived alongside thewreck, which proved to be that of theS.S. Dalhousie, of Dundee, trading betweenthat port and Newcastle. No one wasfound in the rigging, and it was afterwardsdiscovered that the whole of the crew andpassengers, numbering between 30 and 35persons, had unhappily perished.

On the 8th February, 1865, the MaryHartley life-boat again went off, and ren-dered important services to the Norwegianschooner Anga, which was in a perilousposition during a strong easterly wind, withsignals of distress flying, between Nos. 1

and 2 buoys in the River Tay. The life-boat men boarded the vessel, slipped heranchor, had her taken in tow by a steam-tug, and brought her to a safe anchorage.

LLANDDWYN, ANGLESEY.—On the 27thNovember signals of distress were observedbetween 3 and 4 miles distant from thisplace. The crew of the Llanddwyn life-boatwere at once assembled, and the boat wentoff and found the vessel riding with twoanchors down. She proved to be thebarque Devonshire, of Li verpool. The captainsaid his crew were nearly all disabled bysickness, and requested the services of someof the life-boat's crew to assist in getting hisvessel to Liverpool. Five of them accord-ingly boarded the ship, and having got herunder weigh, proceeded with her to Liverpool,where she safely arrived the following day. *

PAXEFIEI,T>, SOTEOIX. — On the 28thNovember the brig Davenport, of SouthShields, was seen in a sinking state in Pake-field Gatway. The- Pakefield life-boat wasat once launched; but before she could closewith the vessel, the crew had taken to theirlong-boat, and were picked up by a steam-tug. About the same time the barqueJenny Lemelin, of Quebec, was seen in dis-tress on the Newcome Sands* The life-boat went to her assistance, and with theaid of the steam-tug Powerful, of Lowestoft,succeeded in getting her off the sands, andafterwards in bringing her and her crew of9 men safely into harbour.

ORME'S HEAD, NORTH WALES.—On the7th December signals of distress were ob-served on a vessel near the Little Orme'sHead. The Sisters' Memorial life-boat waslaunched, and found the vessel at anchor,with her mast carried away. She provedto be the flat Morning Star, of Carnarvon.With the assistance of the life-boat, thevessel and her crew of 3 men were broughtsafely into Llandudno. It blew very hardfrom S.S.W. at the time.

PENMON, ANGLESEY.— On the llthDecember, during a heavy gale from theS.W., the smack Pearl, of Carnarvon, atanchor near the Dutchman's Bank, hoistedsignals of distress. On these being observedfrom the shore, the life-boat was launched,and reaching the vessel, took off her crew of3 men. While returning to the shore,another smack, the Speedwell, also belongingto Carnarvon, was seen showing signals ofdistress. The life-boat immediately boredown to her, and also brought ashore hercrew of 2 men.

708 THE LIFE-BOAT. [JULY 1, 1865.

N O L I F E - B O A T T H E E E !

BY NICHOLAS MICHELL, ESQ.*

(With Ittuslration.')

IT was a wild and lonely shore,Girded by rocks; the sea-bird's cry,

The billow's everlasting roar,The tempest, howling through the sky,

The only sounds—as though DespairSat throned, a gloomy monarch there.

ii.The sun -went down, Wack, threatening clouds

Quenching his wonted golden light,And still they spread, like hanging shrouds,

Storm riding on the wings of night;And the high rocks the billows lashed,While, rolling answer, thunders crashed.

Above the thunder and the gale,The minute-gun is booming now;

See, as the lightnings shimmer pale,Yon vessel with half-buried bow!

Her cable snaps—all hope is o'er,Her course is tow'rd that fatal shore.

She strikes!—the breakers o'er her sweep;The hapless crew, so stoutly brave,

Are powerless now ; the foaming deepMust be their cold unhonoured grave;

Hark to their anguish-cry—their lastWild prayer to God that swells the blast!

No arm to save—no Life-boat near;Oh, had that boat—a thing of power,

That fronts all dangers, mocks at fear,—Come, angel-like, at that dread hour,

Haply no soul had darkly died—Each safely wafted o'er that tide!

VI.

They struggle with the raging billow,They shriek, they sink—then all are still,

Laid coldly on their ocean-pillow,The bleak winds o'er them whistling shrill!

They perished, asking aid in vain—No Life-boat on that stormy main.

VII.

A dog, strong swimmer, reached the strand;He only baffled ruthless death j

He found his master, licked his hand,And on him breathed his loving breath;

Looked on that form, stretched cold and low,And e'en death's meaning seemed to know.

VIII.

Fond, faithful brute, he stood and whined,And would not quit that lifeless clay •

The drowned one had been gentle—kind;He watched and howled till dawn of day :

Man's friend, true mourner of the dead,Oft true when human friends have fled.

IX.

They came at last, and on that shoreFound the poor victim of the deep;

The dog, exhausted, howled no more,But by his master seemed to sleep;

The wave-beat sands their mournful bed,Winds wailed their dirge—for both were dead.

x.Oh, had man's wealth and mercy given

A Life-boat to that shore of gloom—Where storms so oft sweep angry heaven—

Each soul might have been snatched fromdoom!

Stout hearts still battled through the years,No widows, orphans, shedding tears.

Author of ' The Wreck of the Homeward Bound, ' Ruins of Many Lands/ ' Pleasure,' 4x.

NO

L

IFE

-BO

AT

T

HE

RE

!

JULY 1, 1865.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 709

LIFE-BELTS ON BOARD OURMERCHANT-SHIPS.

IT is uow thirteen years ago that the NA-TIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION, called pre-viously to that time the " NATIONAL INSTI-TUTION FOR THE PRESERVATION OF LlFEFROM SHIPWRECK," seriously undertook andcommenced the national work of renovatingand multiplying the life-boat establishmentson the coasts of our sea-girt islands. Thesplendid success which the sympathy andopen-handed support of the British^ public,the cordial and hearty co-operation of thedwellers on our shores, and the assiduity ofits own Committee of Management \ andofficers have enabled it to achieve, is nowknown to nearly every one.

It would, however, be a mistake to sup-pose, as we believe is sometimes done, that,in devoting its more especial attention tothis chief vehicle for rescuing our drowningfellow-creatures, the Institution has in theslightest degree restricted the sphere of itsoperations. From its first foundation in theyear 1824, its mission—we may truly say,its glorious mission—has been to save humanlives from death by shipwreck, by any andevery available means from the shore.

This it has effected by the establishmentof life-boat stations, and by rewarding, withhonorary and pecuniary awards, those whohave been instrumental in saving lives fromshipwreck by any means whatever. Butnow that the shores of our country arenearly everywhere provided with Life-boats,or with the Rocket and Mortar Life-savingApparatus, the Institution has turned itsattention to another subject, viz., aiding toprovide some simple and inexpensive meansof safety on board our Merchant-ships, sothat, in the event of their meeting with acci-dent, whether by stranding or collision, orfoundering in positions where no help can bereceived in time from the shore, or in thehours of darkness when they may not beseen from it, their crews may in many casesbe saved, when without such aid they mustbe drowned.

As every merchant-vessel is private pro-perty, the Institution could of course takeno action in the matter without the consent,and indeed co-operation, of the owners ofships. Its Committee of Management havetherefore thought that their best mode ofproceeding would be to introduce an efficientdescription of life-belt of a cheaper chatracter than those hitherto in use, jind to sup-ply them to the ship-owners without profi-

on them, at the same time making an appealto them to embrace the opportunity ofrelieving themselves of the great responsi-bility of lives being lost in their employ,without any, even the most simple, meansbeing provided to save them.

The Committee have accordingly issuedthe following Public Notice to the ship-owning community of the United Kingdom,and they now earnestly appeal to it tosecond their efforts in this humane cause.The general community on the land is noblydoing its share—and more than its share—of this great work. Inland towns, andbenevolent individuals living far from theview of the sea and the sounds of itswaves, are providing life-boats at their soleexpense, whilst the fishermen and pilots andboatmen on our coasts are every winternobly [risking their own lives to save ourshipwrecked seamen. We trust that thislaudable example may now be emulated bythe shipping community also:—

"LIFE-BELTS FOB SHIPWRECKED SAILORS." The Committee of the ROYAL NATIONAL LIFE-

BOAT INSTITUTION have for several years beenpainfully impressed by the fact that, notwith-standing all tiie efforts made to rescue shipwreckedseamen by means of the numerous life-boats androcket and mortar establishments which nowhappily surround our coasts, there are yet largenumbers of sailors, amounting to several hundredsannually, who miserably perish on our shores." After a full consideration of the subject, and

taking for their data the results of accidents tolife-boats, the crews of which have been providedwith efficient life-belts, and of others which havenot been so, the Committee have come to theconclusion that many of the unfortunate menwho are thus every year lost to their friendsand their country might have been saved if theyhad been invariably supplied with really efficientlife-belts.

" With a view to bring about so desirable anend, the Committee of the NATIONAL LIFE-BOATINSTITUTION have, in the first place, caused to beprepared by their Inspector of Life-boats, Capt.J. K. WARD.,R.N.,an efficient cork life-belt of sosimple and inexpensive a character that its costli-ness, at all events, should be no barrier to its univer-sal supply to our merchant-seamen. Secondly,—They have decided to make an appeal to theowners of all merchant-vessel^, but especially ofthose in the home and coasting-trade, on behalfof the seamen who work their craft, and whoselives are risked in their service, and to implorethem to provide their servants with this importantmeans of safety. Thirdly,—The Committee havedetermined to undertake, at least for a time, thesupply of life-belts of the description above re-ferred to, at cost price, with a view to bring abouttheir general use on board our merchant-ships.

" It is proposed to supply these belts in chests,containing the requisite number for every size ofvessel, through the Custom Houses, ShippingOffices, and Sailors' Homes, at the principal ports,and to which sample chests have been forwarded.

" Lest any shipowner should, without referenceto amount of cost, think that it is not his duty to

710 THE LIFE-BOAT. [JULY 1, 1865.

provide his men with such a means of safety, it iisuggested that, whilst he should provide, in thefirst instance, the chest of belts, as a part of theship's furniture, he should require his master andcrew to pay Ed. each man annually, or Id. eachon short voyages, in consideration of being thusprovided for, which amount would be a good in-terest on the sum thus invested; and it is thoughtthat it would rarely happen that men woulddecline to insure their lives at so trifling a cost.

" It had at first occurred to the Committee thatthe Life-boat Institution might undertake the

gratuitous supply of life-belts to the crews of mer-chant-vessels ; but, on further consideration, themagnitude of the undertaking appeared so greatas to be likely to interfere with the present amplesphere of its operations on the coasts of theUnited Kingdom.

" It is hoped, however, that those immediatelyinterested in the movement, namely, the owners ofships and fishing-vessels, and the crews them-selves, will so readily undertake its directionthat there will be no need for the more directaction of the Society.

View of the Life-belt, with the Shoulder-strings tied a» worn.

Life-belt as worn—Front and Sack View.

" INSTRUCTIONS AS TO THE MANNER OF PUTTING ONAND TYING TOE BELT.

" The life-belts should be kept in the chest, whichshould be stowed and lashed on the upper deck,each belt with the upper or shoulder-strings readytied in a half-bow, so that it can be put quicklyon over the head without untying, the head beingput through the central opening (1) and the armsthrough the side openings (2). The lower orwaist-strings are then brought round from behind,and tied in front. The shoulder-strings, it will beobserved, cross behind like trouser-braces. Theyshould be drawn tightly over the shoulders, so as

to keep the belt close up under the arms, andbeing tied c\ose to the breast-corks in ftont,they can be readily pulled up tighter and re-tiedat pleasure. They will not interfere with thefree use of the arms either in rowing or swimming.The belts are to be occasionally examined and ex-posed to the air in dry weather, and the crewto be shown the manner of putting them on.

" Should these life-belts, or any of them, be themeans of saving lives, it is requested that theSecretary of the NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITV-TION be at once informed of the same, with theattendant circumstances.

"Applications to be supplied with chests of

JDLY 1, 1865.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 711

life-belts are to be made to the Institution, throughthe Collectors of Customs, Shipping Masters, andSuperintendents of Sailors' Homes at the severalports to which the vessels belong, or from whichthey sail; the Honorary Secretaries of theBranches of the Institution; or direct to thewholesale manufacturer, Mr. JOSEPH BIRT, 4Dock Street, London Docks, London, E.

Sample chests of two sizes may be seen at someof the principal Custom Houses, Shipping Offices,and Sailors' Homes of the United Kingdom.

The smaller chests contain six belts; thelargest ones twelve. The cost of these belts is4«. each when bought in chests, or in numbersabove six; and that of single belts, 5s. each.

The belts are of two sizes, and are distinguishedby the colour of the shoulder-strings.

THE PRICES Or THE CHESTS AND BELTS ABE ASFOLLOWS:—'

Containing 6 belts . . . £1 19 08 „ . . . 2 9 0

„ 10 „ . . . 2 19 0I, 12 „ . . . 3 9 0

NOTE.—It has been proposed by Mr. CHARLESKILBURN, of Richmond Hill—who has taken muchinterest in this subject, and has himself planneda very ingenious description of life-belt, composedof used bottle-corks—to establish a special Societyfor providing life-belts, and placing them onboard merchant-vessels. The field of operation,however, is large, and there is room for all coad-jutors in this good work.

THE LATE ADML- FITZROY, F.E.S.ADMIRAL, FrrzRoy, the skilful sailor, thetravelled naturalist, the earnest Christian,and the best friend of the population whichfringes our sea-girt isle, and the zealouscoadjutor of the NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT IN-STITUTION, has gone to his rest. Death hasprevented the continuation of those laboursa cessation from which would have pre-vented death. Rarely has anything beenheard more touching than the account givenof this heroic man's struggle to do the workhe had set himself to do. " Impaired inhealth from excessive mental study, reducedin body from mental fatigue," he still asked" to what extent will it be safe to go on ?"and when his medical adviser bade him restfrom his labours, he still begged permission0 to finish some matters he had on hand;"among them, to reply to M. LE VEKRIER,who, second only to himself, has helpedhumanity at large by bringing meteorologyto bear practically on the safety of oursailors and fishermen.

Would that the advice had been taken!While we mourn his untimely loss, let tishope that it will be eloquent to many ofour overwrought thinkers and workers, who,in their limitless enthusiasm, forget theirlimited powers of endurance, and discountthe future.

A hasty glance at the busy life of the lateAdmiral will show that his more recent workis by no means his only claim to be reckonedamong the friends of science. Born on the5th of July, 1805, he entered the Navy inOctober, 1819, and in 1824 obtained hiscommission as lieutenant. After serving onthe Mediterranean and South American sta-tions, he became, in 1828, flag-lieutenantto Rear-Admiral OTWAT, at Rio Janeiro.On the arrival at this station of the twovessels Adventure and Beagle, appointed bythe Admiralty to survey the Southern coastsof America, he was commissioned in Decem-ber of the same year as Commander of theBeagle, acting under Captain KING, thesenior officer of the expedition. And nowbegan the great work of the early portionof Admiral FrrzRoy's life. After takingsurveys and making important hydrogra-phical observations in South America, hereturned to England in 1830, completinghis official duties in connection with the sur-vey in 1831.

In this year occurred a striking instanceof the kind and honourable character of theAdmiral. He had brought to England threeFuegians; and being unable to send themback by other means, for he would not per-mit them to return alone in a merchant-vessel, from which they might have beenlanded away from their tribe, he chartered asmall vessel to convey the natives, under hisown charge, to Terra del Fuego. Happily,he thought of extending the object of thevoyage, and for this purpose succeeded inobtaining the help of the Government, whoagain commissioned him to proceed toSouth America in command of the Beagle.Prompted by his love for science, AdmiralFrrzRoY spared no pains to render thisexpedition as complete as possible. It washe who proposed to the Admiralty that anaturalist should accompany the expedition.Mr. DARWIN was appointed; and thus,indirectly as well as directly, he has ren-dered the second voyage of the Beagle oneof the most famous on record. The im-portant scientific results of this expedition,which returned in 1836, after an absenceof five years, are known to all. WithMr. DARWIN'S celebrated journal, they formthe subject of an excellent work written bythe Admiral.

In 1841 Admiral FrrzRoY was electedM.P. for the city of Durham, and in 1843was appointed Governor of New Zealand,holding this appointment three years. But

712 THE LIFE-BOAT, [Jcwr 1,1866.

it is the meteorological researches of theAdmiral which have caused his name to beso widely known. His " forecasts " havebecome household words, and have beencommended to scientific men by the philo-sophic caution with which they were given,Admiral FrrzRoY did not speculate on theweather; he never pretended to prophesy.Day by day he slowly felt his way along

" that as a member of the Committee hetook considerable interest in the affiurs ofthe NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITOTIOS, andscience and the Life-boat cause bad lost asincere friend in the gallant Admiral."

The Committee unanimously passed thefollowing resolution, and ordered it to becommunicated to Mrs, FiTZRoY:—

" That this Committee desire to express theirished

. . . . . . ~ . i _ ! ^*****s*l5m* .t^uuiijjL'Ki J: j'i'itf£*u *, Jf.»*.o,, **>tv iiftd S Ological science, hoping to discover, as the I cordially and zealously co-operate.1 with them inend of patient research, some general law | carrying out the important objects of the ROTAI.

the dark and little-trodden paths of meteoro- si"f» ref ?* *4 f1^68*11 oi',,thrfl, . " . , colleague Admiral FrrzBor, F.B.8., who

leeted.in the

LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION, for the pre-servation of life from shipwreck on the coasts ofthe United Kingdom."" That the Committee also desire to tender their

heartfelt sympathy and condolence to Mrs. Jj'rrz-ROY, and other members of the late raueli-lamentedAdmiral's family, on the occasion of their irre-parable bereavement."

On the receipt of the foregoing resolution,Mrs. FixzRoY forwarded to the Secretary ofthe Institution the following feeling reply:—" DEAB SIB,—May I request the favour of your

laying before the Committee of the BOTAL NA-TiosAt LIFE-BOAT iNffrmmos my gratefulthanks, and those of the other members of mydearly-loved, and deeply • lamented lmsband*g

, . -. . . < . , , , , , , > gret and condolence expressed in the addressneglect them is regarded as foolhardy by his forwarded to me this morning? and to yourselfbrother seamen.

Admiral FITZROY was made a Fellow ofthe Royal Society in the year 1851; andelected a member of the Committee ofManagement of the ROYAL NATIONAL LIFE-

Mfe-boat to rescue their fellow-creatures—for hecontinually perilled his life; he gave himself, andail he held dearer than life, for his country; hestill held fast to his post—clung to the belin aslong as life lasted; and when that enthusiastic

General O'BdlEisr; and afierthe death of this spirit was all but worn out, his poor mind sac-

underlying the many scattered facts he col-Many of these researches he gavepages of the Life-boat Journal.

His system of " storm warnings," althoughbut a few years old, will soon be universallyemployed throughout Europe, thanks to theco-operation of sacli men as LE VERRIER,Boys BALLOT, and GLAISHKR. The resultsof the first year's use of them commandedthe appreciation of both scientific and prac-tical men, in spite of the very natural pre-judices of both; but now they are lookedupon as essential as a life-boat or a light-house at oar ports; and the man who would j

BOAT INSTITUTION in 1859. He was also aF.R.G.S., and a correspondent of the FrenchAcademy of Sciences. He was twice mar-ried—in 1836 to the daughter of Major-

let me express my aitseere thanks for the letteraccompanying it.

" My noble hnsband sacrificed his life far morethan the man who loses it on the field of battle, orthe deck of a man-of-war, hotly contending witha foreign foe—more even than those brave men ofwhom England is so justly proud, who man the

lady, he married the daughter of Mr, SMYTH,of Yorkshire, who survives him. A sonand two daughters remain by his first mar-riage, and an only daughter by the secondmarriage.

Besides a Government blue-book on me-teorology, the Admiral recently published alarge volume, entitled the Weather Book, inwhich he embodied his principal results,and detailed his method of " fore-casting."

The Admiral was the youngest son of thelate General Lord Charles FrrzRoY, by hissecond marriage with Lady FRANCES AHHESTEWART.

At a Meeting of the Committee of theNATIONAL LIFE-BOAT ISSTITXJTIOS on the4th of May last, Earl PKKCT, M.P., itsPresident, in the Chair, Mr. CHAPMAN,Deputy-Chairman of the Institution, calledattention to the sudden death, on the30th April, of Admiral FiTzRor, and said—

cum bed." All that is left for me to say is, * Ood's will be

done,* however mysterious in its working. Maymy dearest husband's memory be honoured to theutmost, is the crying wish of nil most disconsolatewidow,

11 May, 1885. " M. I. FazBoY."We may add that a benevolent lady, re-

sident in Cheltenham, has placed at thedisposal of the NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTI-TUTION 8001. for the purpose of establishing alife-boat station at Anstrather, N.B., accom-panied by a request that the life-boat maybe named the " Admiral FitzSoy, in com-memoration of bis scientific efforts to discoverthe Law of Storms, with the benevolent viewto diminish the Loss of Life on our Coasts."

Thus, while the noble man has ceasedfrom his arduous work, this humane under-taking will contribute materially to per-petnafe his memory amongst our sea-coastpopulation for whom he laboured so zealously.

JULY 1, 1865.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 713

SUMMARY OF THEMEETINGS OF THE COMMITTEE.

Thursday, 5th Jan., 1865. THOMAS CHAPMAN,Esq., F.R.S., V.P., in the Chair.

Read and approved the Minutes of the previousMeeting, and those of the Finance and Correspond-ence, and Wreck and Reward Sub-Committees.

Read letter from the Secretary of the ShorehamMaster Mariners' Mutual Benevolent Society, ofthe 4th Jan., forwarding a donation of 51. to theInstitution, with the following resolution:—" Resolved unanimously, that a cheque for 51. besent to the NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION, asa Donation from this Society, and with the earnestwish of the Members that its noble efforts mayalways be crowned with success."— To be thanked.

Read and approved the Report of Capt. WARD,R.N., on his recent visits to Birmingham, Derby,and Boston, on the occasion of life-boat demon-strations at those places ; and also to the life-boatstations at Donna Nook, Theddlethorpe, Sutton,Skegness, Barmouth, Portmadoc, Porthdinllaen,Llanddwyn, Rhoscolyn, Holyhead, Cemlyn, Moel-fre, Penmon, Orme's Head, Rhyl, Piel,Tynemouth,and Sunderland. He had also visited Liverpool,Leek, Maryport, and Newton (Northumberland).

Also the Report of Capt. D. ROBERTSON, R.N.,the Assistant-Inspector of Life-boats, on his visitto the life-boat establishments at Exmouth, Teign-mouth, Plymouth, Fowey, Lizard, Porthleven,Penzance, Sennen Cove, St. Ives, Newquay, Pad-stow, Bude Haven, Appledore, and Braunton.Also to Manchester, Leeds, Boscastle, and Clo-velly.

Produced extracts trom wills, in which the fol-lowing legacies were bequeathed to the Institu-tions—The late Hon. HANNAH FITZROT, 400Z.,for a life-boat, to be called the Arthur Frederick,after her late son; the late JAMES McNAB, Esq.,of Guildford, 1001.; and the late EDWARD KIRG,Esq., of the National Debt Office, 191. 19s.

Reported the receipt of 1001. from ELMS Bos-TOCK, Esq., of Hunter Street; 1001. from JOSEPHPEASE, Esq., of Darlington; and 50/. from MissJACOMB HOOD, of Lee, in aid of the funds of theInstitution.— To be severally thanked.

Also the receipt of 5(W. from " Hibernia." Thebenevolent donor had previously given threedonations, amounting to 1501., to the Institution,and had now suggested that a life-boat might benamed the Cross of Salvation.— To be thanked.

Also that Dr. H. W. WATSON, of Derby, hadpaid the Institution ISO/, promised it by his latesister. Miss WATSON, for a second life-boat forWhitby, to be named the William Watson. MissWATSON had died intestate, but Dr. WATSON hadbenevolently carried out her wish in this re-spect.— To be thanked.

Decided, on the application of the seamen ofSunderland, to take their life-boats into connectionwith the Society, and that one of the boats be re-placed by the Florence Nightingale life-boat, thecost of which had been collected in the town andcounty of Derby.—( Vide p. 704)

Read letter from the Secretary of the ColonialOffice, New Zealand, stating that steps had beentaken to circulate extensively in that colony theInstitution's New Instructions for the Restorationof the Apparently Drowned.

The Committee expressed their deep sympathywith the bereaved family of the late A. W. J AF-FRAY, Esq., V.P., of St. Mildred's Court. He hadbeen a warm friend of the NATIONAL LIFE-BOATINSTITUTION, having given it the cost of three life-boats, stationed respectively at Whitby, Thurso,and St. Andrew's, in addition to a liberal annual

subscription to its funds. The Whitby life-boatsaved, on the night of the 15th April, 15Jpersonsfrom the wrecked steamer Ocean Queen, of New-castle, and on the morning of the 10th May last,19 persons from the barque Maria Somes, ofLondon.

Ordered Barometers, on the application of ̂ theLocal Committees, to be supplied to the NorthBerwick and Porthdinllaen life-boat stations ofthe Institution.

It was moved, seconded, and carried unani-mously that the best thanks of the Committee betendered to THOMAS CHAPMAN, Esq., F.R.S., V.P.,for his able conduct in the Chair during the pastyear; also to Capt. Sir EDWARD PERROTT, Bart.,V.P., as Chairman of its preparatory Committees,accompanied with Models of the life-boats, re-spectively named the Thomas Chapman, stationedat Newhaven, Sussex ; and the Sir Edward Perrott,stationed at Fishguard, Pembrokeshire, as a fur-ther testimony of the Committee's high apprecia-tion of the long and valuable services rendered bythose gentlemen to the life-boat cause.

Paid 2,788/. 15s. 7d. for sundry charges onvarious life-boat establishments.

Voted 73/. 9s. 6d. to pay the expenses of theunder-mentioned life-boats of the Institutioniingoing off during heavy gales of wind, and savingthe crews, consisting of 43 persons, of the follow-ing wrecked vessels:—

Barque Jenny Lemetin, of Quebec, and her crewof 9 men, saved by the Pakefield life-boat.

Flat Morning Star of Carnarvon, and her crewof 3 men, saved by the Llandndno life-boat.

Brig Zorniza, of Lucine, and yawl Bravo, ofGreat Yarmouth: 20 men, saved by the Yarmouthlarge life-boat.

Smacks Pearl and Speedwell, of Carnarvon: 5men saved by the Penmon life-boat.

Schooner Idas, of Nantes: 6 men saved by thePalling life-boat.

The particulars of these services will be founddetailed in the Annual Report of the Institution,published in April last.

Voted also 561. 4s. to pay the expenses of variouslife-boats of the Institution, in going off in reply tosignals of distress from vessels which did not,however, ultimately require the assistance of theboats.

Also the Silver Medal of the Institution to Mr.ANDREW LUSK, farmer, and 11. each to five othermen, in testimony of their gallant and perseveringexertions in attempting to save, at much risk oflife, the crew of the schooner Havelock, of Preston,which was wrecked, with the loss of all hands, offRaeberry, near Kirkcudbright, during a heavygale of wind on the 30th Nov. last. One of themen on shore, named PETER McGuiN, unhappilylost his own life in his gallant endeavours to savethose of his fellow-creatures. Voted 101. in aid ofa local subscription for his widow.

Also 6/. to the crew of the smack Breeze, ofTenby, for going off and saving the crew of 7 menfrom the brig Union, of Milford, which was totallywrecked, during a heavy gale of wind, in CaldyRoads, Tenby, on the 18th November last.

Also 31. lOe. to the crew of 7 men of a dredge-boat for rescuing the crew of 5 men from theschooner Lydney Trader, of Cork, which was alsototally wrecked in the Caldy Roads on the 18thNovember last.

Also SI. 10s. to the crew of the steam-tug Rain-bow, of Lowestoft, for saving the crews, consistingof 16 men, from the brigs Mary Ann and Curlew,of North and South Shields, which founderedduring a gale of wind in Pakefield Gat, on the28th November last.

Also 61. to the crew of 6 men of a fishing-coble,

714 THE LIFE-BOAT. [JULY 1, 1865.

for putting off and saving, at much risk of life,the crew of 4 men from the schooner Euphemia,of Aberdeen, which was wrecked during a heavygale of wind near Fifeness, on the 17th Novemberlast.

Thursday, 2nd February. THOMAS CHAPMAN,Esq., F.R.S., V.P., in the Chair.

Bead and approved the Minutes of the previousMeeting, and those of the Finance and Corres-pondence, and Wreck and Keward Sub-Com-mittees.

Kead letters from THOMAS CHAPMAN, Esq., andSir EDWARD PERROTT, Bart., stating that they hadreceived, with much pride and gratification, theModel Life-boats presented them by the Com-mittee ; and adding, that they hoped they mightaccept them as a testimony of that personal regardand esteem which they had endeavoured to winfrom colleagues who had so long acted with themwith equal zeal, and an earnest desire to promotethe welfare of so noble a Society as the Life-boatInstitution.

Decided, to give the Assistant coxswains of thelife-boats of the Institution a payment of 10s.each quarter.

Approved of an amended copy of the Life-boatRegulations accordingly, and of the same beingprinted and circulated.

Read letter from General W. T. KNOLLYS, ofthe 30th January, expressing the great satisfac-tion of their Koyal Highnesses The PIUNCE andthe PRINCESS OF WALES, to learn that the Berwicklife-boat (the Albert Victor) had been the meansof saving the lives of 6 persons on a recent occa-sion.

Reported, that Colonel FiTzRor CLAYTON, of theGrenadier Guards—a Member of the Committeeof Management of this Institution—had recentlydelivereda lecture on Life-boats, at the WellingtonBarracks, to the third battalion of his regiment.—To be thanked.

Also the safe transmission to their stations ofthe new life-boats for Girvan, Poole, Penzance,and Tramore. Also the return to her station ofthe Tynemouth damaged life-boat, which hadbeen repaired. In each case the boats were con-veyed free of charge by the several railwayand steam-packet companies.— To be thanked,

Also that the life-boats built under the super-intendence of the Institution by Messrs. FORRESTTand SON, for the Marseilles and South HollandShipwreck Societies, had been forwarded to theirdestinations, the General Steam Navigation Com-pany taking them free as far as their steamerswent.

Approved of a system of signalling, whichhad received the sanction of the Trinity Houseand the Coastguard, from the Caldy Lighthouseto the Coastguard Station at Tenby, a distanceof two miles and a quarter, on occasions of ves-sels in distress in the vicinity, and the directionof the same, with the view to the life-boatbeing promptly launched.

Read letters from H. LINDSAY, Esq., Collectorof Customs at Maryport, of the 6th and 14thDecember, making application for a life-boat tobe stationed at that place, there being a con-siderable shipping-trade at the port, and fromfifteen to twenty vessels having been wrecked inthe neighbourhood within the last seven years.Considerable local support would be afforded tothe establishment.

Also read the Report of the Inspector of Life-boats, recommending the formation of a life-boatstation at Maryport.

Also letter from ROBERT WHITWORTH, Esq., ofManchester, of the 30th January, stating that

HENRY NIXSON, Esq., of that city, had decided ongiving the Institution 5501. to defray the expenseof the Maryport life-boat station.

Decided to form a life-boat establishment forth-with at Maryport, and that Mr. NIXSON be thanked.

Produced an application from the Rev. CHARGESHARDY, for a lite-boat to be stationed on llaylingIsland, near Portsmouth, as wrecks occurred occa-sionally in the vicinity.

Reported that Messrs. LEAF, SONS, and Co., of OldChange, had undertaken to give 5501. to defraythe cost of the proposed life-boat establishment.

Decided to station a life-boat on Hayling Islandand that Messrs. LEAF be thanked.

Read letter from Captain R. TRYON, R.N., ofBristol, of the 20th January, stating that the totalamount of contributions he had collected to de-fray the cost of ,the City of Bristol life-boat was628/. 3s. Wd.— To be thanked.

Reported the receipt of 399/. 10s. lid. from W.BISHOP, Esq., Treasurer of the Commercial Tra-vellers' Life-boat Fund, to defray the cost of twolife-boats".—To be thanked.

Also a second donation of 1001. from "A Friend,in gratitude to God for having preserved his Wifefor another year."— To be thanked, [This bene-volent and affectionate husband had since diedhimself.]

Also that Lady MAXWELL had remitted1U. 13s. 3d., being the amount found in a con-tribution-box of the Institution in the hall of hermansion, Monreith House, N.B.— To be thanked.

Reported that the late Mrs. MORGAN, of Berke-ley Place, Cheltenham, had left the Society alegacy of 2CKM.

Read and approved the Report of Capt. WARD,R.N., Inspector of Life-boats, on his recent visitto Holyhead and Liverpool.

Also the Report of Capt. D. ROBERTSON, R.N.,Assistant-Inspector of Life-boats, on his visit tothe Bridlington, Poole, Lyme Regis, Girvan, andAyr life-boat stations.

Decided that the Penzance Life-boat be namedthe Richard Lewis, and that a model of the boatbe presented to Mr. LEWIS as a permanent me-morial of the Committee's high appreciation ofhis ability, and of his long and valuable servicesas Secretary of the ROYAL NATIONAL LIFE-BOATINSTITUTION.

Paid 2,337/. 13s. 3rf. for sundry charges onvarious lite-boat establishments.

Voted 111. 17*. to pay the expenses of the Holy-head life-boat, in going off and saving, during afurious storm, the schooner Henry Holman, ofPlymouth, and her crew of 8 men from destruction.After 4 of the life-boatmen had boarded thevessel and had taken her to a place of safety,the life-boat was returning to the shore thus short-handed, when the gale increased to a hurricaneand broke the clamp of her mainmast, whichcaused the mast to hang over to leeward, and theboat to fall off the wind, when she suddenly up-set, from the joint action of the wind and sea,and the weight of the men on her lee side gettingin the mast and sail. The life-boat immediatelyself-righted, her coxswain going round inside her,and 6 of her crew immediately again getting intoher. The remaining 4 were carried away by thesea, and 3 of them were picked up, at great risk,by the steam-tug Constitution, of Liverpool; butthe fourth man, named WILLIAM HUGHES, un-happily perished from exhaustion.—Voted a gra-tuity of tOl. to the poor man's widow and 3 youngchildren. Also the Thanks of the Institution, in-scribed on Vellum, to Mr. EDWARD EVANS, masterof the steam-tug, and 41. to his crew, for theirhumane and skilful conduct on the occasion. Theowners of the schooner had awarded the crew of

JULY 1,1865.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 715

the life-boat 190Z. for their valuable services insaving their vessel from destruction.

Voted the Silver Medal of the Institution toCapt. T. H. FELLOWES, R.N., Inspecting-Cora-mander of the Coastguard at Penzance, and\Sl. 5s., to pay the expenses of the life-boat at thatplace, in going off and rescuing the crew of 8 menfrom the brig Willie Ridley, of Plymouth, whichwas in distress during stormy weather and a veryheavy sea on the 29th Jan. Capt. FELLOWESand the crew of the life-boat behaved most gal-lantly on the occasion.

Also 6/. to pay the expenses of the Fowey life-boat, in putting off and saving from destructionthe French lugger La Maria Franfois Le fereSamson, and her crew of 4 men, on the 29th Jan.The vessel was observed, with signals of distressflying on a lee shore, in St. Austell's Bay, duringa gale of wind and in a heavy sea.

Also 121.14«. to pay the expenses of the Tramorelife-boat in going off during thick weather, in re-ply to signals of distress, and rescuing from avery dangerous position the brig Stefania, ofPalermo, and her crew of 12 men, on the 3rd Jan.

Also SI. 7s. 6d. to pay the expenses of the Ross-lare life-boat in going off and saving the crew of5 men and a pilot from the schooner Thomas, ofLiverpool, which was totally wrecked on the Dog-ger Bank, Wexford, during a heavy gale of windon the 14th Jan.

Also 105Z. 12«. 6d. to pay the expenses of thelife-boats at Bude Haven, New Brighton, Mid-dleshorough, Walmer, New Quay, St. Ives, Wex-ford, Arklow, Cahore,and St. Andrew's, in puttingoff with the view of saving the crews of variousvessels which were observed in perilous positions,with signals of distress flying during the gales ofJanuary.

Reported the services of the Albert Victorlife-boat, stationed at Berwick-on-Tweed, in goingoff and rescuing from destruction a fishing-yawland her crew of 6 men on the 24th Jan. The crewof the life-boat made no charge for helping theirfellow-fishermen.

Also the services of the Southwold life-boat ingoing off and bringing to a port of safety the brigElizabeth, of Shields, and her crew of 7 men.When the life-boat arrived alongside there was 7feet of water in the vessel's hold, and it was withgreat difficulty she was saved from destruction.

Voted the Silver Medal of the Institution toMajor F. W. TESTING, of the Royal Marine Ar-tillery, in admiration of his intrepid conduct inputting off in an open boat with 12 fishermen, andrescuing 3 of the crew of the schooner Ocean, ofPlymouth, which was wrecked during a heavy galeof wind on the Woolsiner Shoal, near Hay lingIsland, on the 14th Jan. The vessel was drivenin shore, and embayed by the force of the windand heavy seas, and in attempting to tack whenclose in upon the shoals, her heel caught the outeredge of the shoal and caused her to miss stays.The crew let go both anchors immediately; butthe vessel bumped heavily on the shoal and filled,and the crew were driven to the rigging for safety.The fishermen on shore launched their boat asquickly as possible, Major FESTING taking thehelm, and after waiting some little time to allowthe ebb-tide to run out at its greatest strength, theboat's head was laid for the schooner, and themen bent lustily to their oars. It was a matter oflife and death to all those in the boat, as it was tothe expectant men in the unfortunate schooner'srigging; and when the boat got at length fairlyin among the breakers and close to the vessel, aminute, or may be longer, passed, during whichthe watchers on shore thought all had gone to-gether—the boat, vessel, and their crews—all being

hid in the blinding gray whirl that sprung upfrom the broken water. Immediately afterwards,however, the cutter, with her gallant crew, wasseen leaving the wreck, and in a few minutes moreshe was high and dry on Hay Hug Island Beach,with the master, mate, and one man—part of theschooner's crew—safe on board. The remainderof the crew, one man and a boy, were washedoverboard and drowned before help could reachthem. The fishermen who so nobly assisted MajorFESTING on this occasion had received a large sumfrom a local subscription for their gallant services.

Voted also 31. 10s. to the crew of a Coastguardlife-boat for rescuing 2 of the crew of another boatof the same class, which had been completelysubmerged during a very heavy gale of wind offValentia, Co. Kerry, on the 26th Nov. last.

Thursday, 2nd March. THOMAS BARING, Esq.,M.P., F.R.S., in the Chair.

Read and approved the Minutes of the previousMeeting, and those of the Finance and Corre-spondence, and Wreck and Reward Sub-Com-mittees.

Reported the much-lamented death, on the 12thFebruary, of Admiral His Grace the DDKE OFNORTHUMBERLAND, K.G., F.R.S., who had beenthe active President of the Institution for thepast fourteen years.

A deputation from the Society had attendedHis Grace's funeral, and on that day the flagsof the life-boats had been hoisted half-mast highat the different stations of the Institution.

Decided that the following Vote of Condolencebe presented to the DUCHESS OF NOBTHBMBEB-LAND:—

" That this Committee, in recording the lamenteddecease of their President, Admiral His GraceALGERNON DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, K.G., whofor so long a period had cordially and unceasinglyco-operated with them in carrying out the greatand philanthropic objects of the ROYAL NATIONALLIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION, are bound by every prin.ciple of duty and respect to place on their minutesthe large debt of gratitude which the Life-boatcause owes to their late President. It will ever beremembered that his liberality in 1852 broughtinto practical use the Self-righting Life-boat,which is now placed in large numbers around thecoasts of the United Kingdom, and which hascontributed, during the past twelve years, to thesaving of thousands of Lives from Shipwrecks, notonly on our own shores, but also on those of manyForeign Countries—and that the kindly interestwhich His Grace uniformly evinced in the welfareof the Institution has tended greatly to bringabout the large amount of public support andsympathy now so generously extended to the Life-boat Society.

" That this Committee respectfully tender theirsincere sympathy and condolence to his sorrowfulwidow, ELEANOR DUCHESS OF NORTHUMBERLAND,with their earnest prayer that it may please theAlmighty to sustain her in her sad bereavement.

" By order of the Committee," THOMAS BARING, Chairman."THOMAS CHAPMAN, Deputy Chairman.

" Sealed with the Seal of the ROYAL NATIONALLIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION this 2nd day of March,1865.

RICHARD LEWIS, Secretary."

716 THE LIFE-BOAT. [JULY 1,1865.

To this Vote the DUCHESS OP NORTHUMBERLANDcaused the following acknowledgment to be

"Alnwick Castle,'•SiH, "March 6th, 1865.

"I am instructed by the DUCHESS OFNORTHUMBERLAND to thank the Committee of theROFAL NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION andyourself, for an Address to her Grace of condo-lence and sympathy with her in her bereavement.

" Identified as was the late DUKE OF NORTHUM-BERLAND with the ROVAL NATIONAL LIFE-BOATINSTITUTION, and deeply interested as he ever wasin its welfare, the warm and earnest language ofyour address could not but be most acceptable andconsolatory to his sorrowing Widow.

" Sir, the Committee have her Grace's heartfeltthanks for this mark of respect to the Dead, andof kindness to the Living, and her assurance thatyour Address will be placed with her most prizedrelics of the past, and be looked upon as one ofher best treasures.

" I have, &c.,"COURT GRANVILLE.

" RICHARD LEWIS, Esq."

Approved of the Draft of the Annual Reportand the proposed list of Officers of the Society forthe coming year, and ordered the same to be laidbefore the Annual Meeting to be held at theLondon Tavern on the 14th March. ( Vide AprilNumber of the Life-boat Journal).

Reported that his Grace the DUKE OF ARGTLL,K.T., P.O., had, on the application of the Com-mittee, kindly consented to take the Chair at theforthcoming Annual Meeting.

Also that the Accounts of the Institution forthe past year had been audited by Mr. G. C.BEGBIE, Public Accountant, and had been foundcorrect.

Read letter from General W. T. KNOLL YS of the21st Feb., stating that their Royal Bignesses thePRINCE and the PRINCESS OF WALES would have" great satisfaction " in according their patronageto the Devon and Cornwall Bazaar, to be held atTeignmouth on the 9th and 10th August next, inaid of the funds of the NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTI-TUTION. — To be thanked.

Reported that Lord CREWE'S trustees had con-sented to the Institution renovating the HolyIsland life-boat station, and that Lady W - had,through Sir W. G. ARMSTRONG, K.C.B., F.R.S.,presented to the Society 600/. for the purpose ofcompletely renovating that life-boat establishment,and aiding in its future support. — To be thanked.

Read letter from Admiral HARGOOD, of Wor-thing, of the 6th Feb., suggesting that the Insti-tution might take under its charge the Worthinglife-boat station.

Produced the Report of the Inspector of Life-boats, on his recent visit to that place, concurringin that suggestion.

Decided that the life-boat establishment atWorthing be taken into connection with theInstitution, and that it be completely renovated.

Also read letter from STEPHEN CAVE, Esq., M.P.,of the 23rd Feb., forwarding a contribution ofSOW. from Miss ROBERTSON, of Lowndes Square, topay for a new life-boat, which she wished to benamed the Ramonet. — To be thanked.

Decided that the Ramonet life-boat be stationedat Shoreham.

Reported that the Secretary of the Institution,Mr, LEWIS, had attended a Public Meeting con-

vened by the Mayor of Reading, for the purposeof promoting the collection, in the county of Berks,of the cost of a life-boat, to be called The RoyalBerkshire.

Also that the late JOHN APPLETAKD, Esq., ofHalifax, had left the Institution a legacy of 2,OOOJ.

Also that 311. 10*. had been received by theSociety by favour of J. H. STEINMETZ, Esq., andJ. R. ELLIS, Esq., as a donation from an undis-tributed surplus of a fund subscribed by under-writers for services rendered to passengers, perthe Indian Queen, from Melbourne, 1859.— To bethanked.

Also that the North Deal life-boat (the VanKook) had been sent to its station. This life-boatis the largest self-righting boat of the Institution,and has been constructed principally with theview of being of service to the crews of vesselswrecked on the Goodwin Sands.

Read and approved the Report of the Inspectorof Life-boats, on his visit to North Deal and toKingsdown, near that place.

Read letters from Mons. DELVIGNE, of Paris, ofthe loth and 16th Feb., reporting that the FrenchShipwreck Society was making good progress,and stating that on the same day the lamenteddeath of his Grace the President of the NATIONALLIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION of England took place,Admiral RIGAULT DE GENOUILLEZ had acceptedthe office of First President of their Society.— Tobe acknowledged.

Ordered a new edition of the large WorkingDrawing of the life-boat of the Institution to beprinted forthwith.

Reported that Mr. W. WILKIE had recentlydelivered Lectures on the Life-boat, at Reeth, inYorkshire.— To be thanked.

Decided that the Thanks of the Institution, in-scribed on Vellum, be presented to WILLIAM A.FORRESTT, Esq., on his retirement from business,for his long and valuable co-operation in theconstruction of the large fleet of life-boats of theSociety.

Also to the Rev. R. E. EATON, in acknowledg-ment of his long and valuable co-operation asHonorary Secretary of the Arklow Branch of theSociety.

Ordered new life-boat houses to be erected atUpgang, near Whitby, and Piel, Lanchashire.

Paid 1,5237. 10s. 6d. for sundry charges onvarious life-boat establishments.

Voted 157. 19s. to pay the expenses of the New-castle (Dundrum) life-boat, in going off, during astrong gale of wind, and saving the crew of 4 menfrom the schooner Susan, of Dublin which wastotally wrecked in Dundrum Bay, on the 31stJanuary.

Also 141. 5s. to pay the expenses of the Ipswichlife-boat, stationed at Thorpeness, Suffolk, in put-ting off and rescuing 1 man from the smackLeader, of Harwich, which was stranded in aheavy sea off Thorpeness on the 4th February.

Also 11. lOi. to pay the expenses of the MaryHartley life-boat, at Broughty Ferry, Dundee, ingoing off in reply to signals of distress and saving,in conjunction with a steam-tug, from a veryperilous position, the Dutch galliot Anffa, andher crew of 4 men, during a strong easterly wind,on the 8th February.

Also SI. Is. 6d. to pay the expenses of the Blake-ney life-boat, in putting off and saving the crewof 13 men, and also 5 boatmen from the barqueAmana, of Sunderland, which was totally wreckedthree miles east of Blakeney harbour on the 17thFebruary. It was blowing very strong from theN.N.W. at the time, and snowing hard. Imme-diately the shipwrecked men were taken off bythe life-boat, the vessel completely broke up.

JULY 1, 1865.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 717

Also 42.6s. to pay the expenses of the Sir EdwardPerrott life-boat, at Fishguard, in going outthrough a heavy sea and rescuing the crews, con-sisting of 11 men, from the schooners Albion, ofTeignmouth, and Emma, of Barrow, which were indistress in Fishguard Bay, on the 19th February.

Also 6/. 2s. to pay the expenses of the NorthBerwick life-boat, in putting off and saving 3 menfrom the yawl Matchless, of Newhaven, which wasin distress off North Berwick on the 20th Febru-ary. The poor fellows were almost perished withcold and hunger, having been exposed in theirsmall boat for 28 hours.

Also 172. 8s. 6d. to pay the expenses of the Black-pool life-boat in going off, in reply to signals ofdistress, and assisting to save from destruction thebarque Lexington, of Nassau, which had struck onthe Salthouse Sandbank, on the Lancashire coast,during thick weather, on the night of the 6th Feb.On the life-boat arriving alongside, the captainof the vessel gave his crew leave to abandonthe ship, but said that he himself would stick toher while a plank remained if the life-boat wouldstay by her. The crew of the boat thereforeundertook to remain by the barque, whose crew,thereupon, also kept by their vessel, and ulti-mately, on the weather moderating, by using verygreat exertions, the ship was got off the bank,and finally taken into Liverpool in tow of asteam-tug. The captain of the Lexington heartilythanked the life-boatmen for their services, andhis crew cheered them when their vessel was gotoff the sandbank. The boat was away 28 hours,and the crew looked much worn when they cameashore. The vessel's cargo of cotton was valuedat 80,0002. For these important services the life-boat's crew received from the owners of thebarque the large sum of 301.! The" Southportand Lytham life-boats, belonging to the NationalInstitution, also went off to the stranded vessel, butfinding the Blackpool life-boat already there, theyreturned to the shore. Voted 151. to pay the ex-penses of the Southport and Lytham life-boats.

Also 722.11s. 6rf. to pay the expenses of the life-boats at Newcastle, Dundrum; Broughty Ferry,Dundee ; Ardmore, Rye, St. Andrew's, Skegness,Caistor, and Walmer, in going off with the viewof saving the crews of various vessels in distress. 3

Reported the services of the Ballycotton life-boat in going off and assisting to save from de-struction the brig Hants, which was in distressduring a gale of wind off Ballycotton on the 29thJanuary.

Voted the Thanks of the Institution, inscribedon Vellum, to Dr. CRAWFORD POOLE, HonorarySecretary to the Ardmore Branch of the Institu-tion ; and to Mr. THOMAS COVENEY, chief officerof Coastguard; and 32. 10s. to 7 other men, inacknowledgment of their prompt and laudable con-duct in wading into the surf and otherwise assist-ing to rescue 10 of the crew of the barque Sextus,of Malta, which was totally wrecked at the Cur-ragh Point, Ardmore, County Waterford, duringa strong gale of wind, on the 29th January.

Also the Thanks of the Institution, inscribedon Vellum, to Mr. WILLIAM MA INARD, master-mariner, and to THOMAS BATE, coxswain of theBude Haven life-boat of the Institution, withI/, to the latter, and also 22. to two other men, inacknowledgment of their gallant conduct inwading into the sea to a reef of rocks, and assist-ing to rescue 3 of the crew of the Spanish brigJuanito, of Bilboa, which was totally wrecked,during a heavy gale of wind, 5 miles north ofBude, on the 15th January. The remainder ofthe v-essel's crew were saved by means of therocket-apparatus, under the management of Mr.WILLIAM SIMPSON, chief officer of the Coastguard.•—Jtfr. Simpson to be thanked for his valuable services.

[We may add that .the QDEEH ,OP SPAIN hasordered the Gold Medal of Honour to be alsopresented to BATE for his intrepid services onthis occasion.]

Also voted 81. to the crew of a fishing-yawl, forputting off and saving the crew of 4 men fromtfie schooner Wave, of London, which was wreckedduring a gale of wind off Winterton, on the 26thJanuary.

Also 10s. to JOHN QUINE, officer of H. M. Cus-toms, at Douglas, Isle of Man, for wading into thesea and assisting to rescue the crew of 4 men fromthe schooner Jane and Agnes, of Douglas, whichwas wrecked off that place during a heavy galeof wind on the 29th January.

Also 11. 10s. to the crew of a fishing-boat forgoing off and saving the crew of 6 men from theschooner Artemas, which was wrecked during agale of wind on the Newcome Sands, off Lowe-stoft, on the 4th January.

Also 51. 10s. to 8 men for putting off in a shore-boat and rescuing the crew of 9 men from theRussian ship Libra, of Aland, which was totallywrecked during a storm from the S.S.E., on theSkerries Rocks, on the east coast of Shetland, onthe 24th November.

Also II. to 2 men for going off and saving,during squally weather, 2 of the crew of thesloop Elizabeth Cecilia, of Carmarthen, which waswrecked off Milford on the 28th January.

Also I/. 5s. to the crew of the steam-tug Im-perial, of Lowestoft, for putting off on the 21stFebruary, during a heavy snowstorm, with theview of towing out the life-boat from that placeto the rescue of a shipwrecked crew.

Tuesday, 14th March. The Annual GeneralMeeting of the friends and supporters of the ROYALNATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION was held thisday at the London Tavern, Bishopgate Street.His Grace the DUKE OF ARGYLL, K.T., P.C., V.P.,took the Chair.

The Chairman opened the Meeting with somevery appropriate and interesting remarks on theimportant operations of the Institution.

The Right Hon. EARL PERCY, M.P., P.C., wasunanimously elected President of the Institution.

The other officers of the Society having alsobeen chosen, the Secretary read the Annual Reportof the Committee.

Various Resolutions were afterwards moved,seconded, and carried unanimously, pledging theMeeting to renewed exertions on behalf of the be-nevolent and national objects of the Institution.

The Resolutions will be found in the precedingNumber of the Life-boat Journal, p. 563.

OUR COAST HEROES.*

THE following account of the rescue of thecrew and passengers of a shipwreck likethat of the steam-ship Stanley, off Tyne-mouth, on the fearful night of the 24thNovember last, is taken from an admirableand most interesting little volume, recentlypublished, on the intrepidity and skill of ourlife-boat men. i

A fine manly tone pervades the whole

* " The Life-boat: A Tale of our Toast Heroes." ByR. M. BAL^ASTYXE. Illustrated. London: James Nisbetand Co, Price 5s.

718 THE LIFE-BOAT. [JULY 1, 1865.

book; and as stories of storm and ship-wreck—of perils bravely encountered, anddangers narrowly escapedr—have always pe-culiar attractions for the young, we stronglyrecommend a perusal by them of this littlevolume:—

" It would," says the author, "be a matter of someinterest to ascertain how many of the inhabitantsof this busy, thickly-peopled isle are aware of thefact that during every storm that blows while theyare slumbering, perchance in security and comfortin their substantial dwellings, there are hundreds—ay, thousands—of hardy seamen all round ourcoasts, standing patiently in such sheltered spotsas they can find, encased in oil-skin, and gazing

anxiously out into the dark sea, regardless of thepelting storm, indifferent to the bitter cold, intentonly on rendering aid to their fellow-men, andready at a moment's notice to place life and limbin the most imminent jeopardy. . . . No indi-vidual in the land, however far removed from thecoast, can claim exemption from the dangers ofthe sea. His own head may, indeed, be safe fromthe raging billow, but at any moment the sea maygrasp some loved one, and thus wreck his peaceof mind, or ingulf his property and wreck hisfortune. . . . If we could, by the exercise of super-natural powers, gaze down on our shores as froma bird's-eye point of view, and take them in withall their stirring incidents at one glance; if wecould see the wrecks, large and small—collierswith their four or five hands — emigrant-ships

with their hundreds of passengers, beating andgrinding furiously on rocks that seem to rise outof and sink into the sea of foam; if we couldwitness our life-boats, with their noble-hearted

crews, creeping out of every nook and bay in thevery teeth of what seems to be inevitable destruc-tion ; if we could witness the hundred deeds ofindividual daring done by men with bronzed faces

JULY 1, 1865.] THE LIFE-BOAT. 719

and rough garments, who carry their lives habi-tually in their hands, and think nothing of it:if we could behold the flash of the rockets, andhear the crack of the mortars and the boom of theminute-guns from John o'Groat's to the Land'sEnd at the dead and dark hours of night, whendwellers in our inland districts are a-bed, all igno-rant, it may be, or thoughtless in regard to thesethings; above all, if we could hear the shrieksof the perishing, the sobs and thanksgivings of therescued, and the wild cheers of the rescuers; andhear and see all this at one single glance, so thatour hearts might be more filled than they are atpresent with a sense of the terrible dangers of ourshores, and the heroism of our men of the coast,we might contribute more largely than we do tothe support of that noble institution whose workit is to place life-boats where they are wanted onour coasts, and to recognize, reward, and chroniclethe deeds of those who distinguish themselves inthe great work of saving human life."

On getting alongside they found the wreck tobe a very large ship. Its black hull towered highabove them, and the great yards swayed withfearful violence over their heads. A single glanceshowed that she was crowded with men andwomen.

The grapnels were thrown, and Guv, startingup, seized the immense boat-hook used by life-boats, and stood ready to hook on to the rigging.He succeeded in fixing the hook, but a violentlurch of the ship tore the handle out of his graspand cast him into the bottom of the boat. Justthen a man was seen to run out on to the main-yard, and slip down by a rope close to the sea.The boat sheered up towards him, and severalarms were stretched out to save; but the boatglided away, and the succeeding wave ingulfedhim. Only for a second, however: when itpassed, the man was still seen clinging to therope; the boat once again sheered up so closethat he was induced to let go his hold. Hedropped into the sea close alongside, caught oneof the life-lines, and next instant was in the boat.

" All right! Give me the boat-hook," he cried,seizing tne handle as he spoke, and affixing it,with the strength of a giant, to the chains of theship.

The tone of this man's voice thrilled to Gur'sheart. He sprang forward and seized him by thearm. One glance was sufficient.

"BAX!"" GUY!"There was no time for more. The astonish-

ment of both was extreme, as may well be sup-posed, and that of Guy was much increased whenhe heard another familiar voice shout—

"All right, BAX?""All right, TOMMY; let them look alive with

the women and children; get up a light if youcan" There were others in the life-boat whorecognized these voices, but life and death weretrembling in the balance at that moment; theydared not unbend their attention from the onemain obiect for an instant.

Some one in the Trident (for it was, indeed,that ill-fated ship) seemed to have anticipatedBAX'S wish. Just as he spoke, a torch made of tarand oakum was lighted, and revealed the crowdeddecks, the raging sea that sought to swallow themup, and the life-boat surging violently alongside.It was an appalling scene; the shrieks of thewomen and children, mingled with the howlingwind, the rush of the waves on the ship's side,and the shouting of men, created a din so hor-

rible that many a stout heart 'quailed. Fortu-nately the men who were the most active in thework of saving others were so taken up with whatthey were about that there was no room forthought of personal danger.

The first human being placed in the boat wasa little child. Its mother, despairing of beingsaved herself, pressed through the crowd, held herlittle one over the side, and cried out, " Save mychild!" BAX leaped on the air-chamber at thebow of the boat, and grasping the shoulder of aboatman with one hand, stretched out the othertowards the child; but the boat swooped forwardand brought him close under the chains, where asailor held a woman suspended in his arm, readyto drop her into the boat when it should comeclose alongside. It did not, however, approachsufficiently near. The next wave carried themback, and enabled BAX to seize the child and layit in a place of safety. The mother was soonbeside it, and in a short time the boat was quitefilled.

VARIATIONS OP THE COMPASS.—The Revue Ma-ritime el Coloniale recently published a letter on thedeviations to which the needle is liable in conse-quence of the substitution of iron for wood in ships.One of the latest contrivances for diminishing thisserious inconvenience is the correcting compass,which affords the means of taking the sun's posi-tion, whereby the deviation may be corrected. Ithas sometimes been supposed that fogs and certainother states of the atmosphere could influence theneedle; but this has not been borne out by obser-vation. Lightning alone exercises a decided in-fluence on the needle by reversing its points, sothat north becomes south, and conversely. Whena vessel is nearing land, the needle is said to beaffected; and certain rocks there are that exercisea decided magnetic influence on the compass, vol-canic rocks especially, but this influence is not felton board ships. But the action of the iron formingthe ship's sides is far different; nothing, not eventhe interposition of a thick non-magnetic body,will stop its influence; far less, as some have be-lieved, a copper coating or thick paint. But thereal danger proceeds from another source, sincethe ship herself, under her weight of canvas, mayincrease the deviation of the needle. From expe-riments made on board an iron-built sailing vessel,provided with iron rigging and lower yards of steeland with two binnacle compasses on her poops,and a third placed between the mizen and main-masts, the lower part of which was all of iron, thedeviations of the needle were respectively 56°,24°, and 35°. Without entering into further de-tails on this matter, the writer of the article con-cludes with condemning the imprudence of thosewho freight an iron vessel before she has been atsea for a considerable time, in order to ascertainhow her compass behaves. Moreover, a captainundertaking the command of an iron ship shouldbe called upon to show that he has previously beenon board such a vessel on a long voyage, so that hemay know how to deal with the deviations observ-able on board the vessel to be commanded.

Royal National Life-Boat Institution.Patroness—HER MOST GKACIODS MAJESTY THE QDEEN.

President— THE RIGHT HONOHBABLE THE EAEL PERCY, M.P., P.O.Chairman—THOMAS BARING, ESQ., M.P., F.R.S, V.P., Chairman of Lloyd's.

Deputy-Chairman—THOMAS CHAPMAN, ESQ., F.B.S., V.P., Chairman of Lloyd's Register.

APPEAL.THE COMMITTEE OF MANAGEMENT have to state that, during the year 1864 and the first five months of 1865,

the ROYAL NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION has expended jfc'29,088 on various Life-boat Establishments on the Coastsof England, Scotland, and Ireland. During the same period the Life-boats of the Institution have also been instrumentalin rescuing the Crews of the following Wrecked Vessels :-Barque King Oscar, of Norway... 15Sloop Annette Cathelina, of Gro-

ningen 8Barque Hamilton Gray, of Liver-

pool 2Steam Tug Rob Soy, of Sunder-

land 1Schooner Thetis, of London 4Brigantine Boa Nova, of Oporto—

Saved vessel and crew 5iSchooner Britannia—Saved vessel

and crew 4Brig Brothers, of South Shields ... 7Barque Iris, of Stavanger, Norway

-—Saved vessel and crew 13Ship Golden, Age, of Liverpool 13Schooner Water Lily, of Pwllheli . 4Sloop Barbara Hopeman, of Wemyss 3Barque Corea, of Guernsey—As-

sisted to save vessel and crew... 12Cutter Howard, of Grimsby 1Ship Contest, of Liverpool—As-

sisted to save vessel and crew .. 18Fishing Boat, of Withernsea—Saved

boat and crew 3Schooner Maria, of Milford 3Fishing Boats, of Southwold—Two

boats and their crews saved 4Brig Governor Maclean, of London. 7Brig St. Michael, of Havre—Assist-

ed to save vessel and crew 14Ship Edinburgh Castle, of Glasgow

—Assisted to save vessel andcrew 18

Schooner Victoria, of Teignmouth—Assisted to save vessel and crew. 6

Sloop Liver, of Carnarvon 3Yawl Hero, of Teignmouth l

Schooner Sate, of Liverpool . *.... 5Lugger Costletown, of Belfast—

Saved vessel and crew 7Brigantine Highland Mary, of Fleet-

wood 5Brig Richmond Packet, of Middles-

bro' 6Schooner Agnest of Lossiemouth .. 3Steam Ship Ontario, of Liverpool—

Took off labourers to the numberof 55

Chasse-mare'e Eleanore, of Nantes 6Barque Arethusa, of Liverpool .. 6Schooner Sarah, of Waterford ... 6Schooner Heroine, of Milford 5Ship Far West, of Newport^-As-

sisted to save vessel and crew.. 22Sloop Active, of Carmarthen 3Schooner Fernand, of St. Malo... 5Barque Louis the Fourteenth, of

Dunkirk 15Barque Sea Serpent, of South Shields 3Brig John, of Hartlepool 6Schooner David and John, of Mont-

rose 4Barque Devonshire, of Liverpool—

Assisted to save vessel and crew. 17Fishing Boats, of Newbiggin, and

their crews 40Flat Morning Star, of Carnarvon—

Saved vessel and crew 3Brig Zorniza, of Lucine, Austria .. 13Barque Jenny Lemetin, of Quebec—

Assisted to save vessel and crew. 9Yawl Bravo, of Great Yarmouth.. 7Smack Pearl, of Carnarvon 3Smack SfeedweU, of Carnarvon.... 2Schooner Idas, of Nantes 6 !

Brig Stejfanict, of Palermo—Savedvessel and crew 12

Schooner Henry Holman, of Ply-mouth—Saved vessel and crew .. 8

Schooner Thomas, of Liverpool ... 5Fishing-boat, of Berwick-on-Tweed

•—Saved vessel and crew 6Brig Elizabeth, of Shields—Saved

vessel and crew 1Lugger La Maria Francois, U Pere

Samson—Saved vessel and crew 4Brig Willie Ridley, of Plymouth .. 8Schooner Susan, of Dublin 4Smack Leader, of Harwich 1Schooner Anga, of Norway—Saved

vessel and crew 4Barque Amana, of Sunderland .... 18Schooner Albion, of Teignmouth .. 6Schooner Emma, of Barrow 5Yawl Matchless, of Newhaven —

Saved vessel and crew 3Brig Hants, of Odessa—Saved vessel ..Barque Lexington, of Nassau—As-

sisted to save vessel and crew ... 14Brig .Border Chieftain, of Hartlepool 8Schooner Delila, of Nantes 7Brigantine Eclipse, of St. Ives 2Schooner Pfeil, of Blankanesse.... 7Schooner Kate, of Lynn 4Schooner Teazer, of Goole lShip'BDoatinBedwharfBay.Anglesey 1Brigantine Burton, of Wivenhoe... 1Steamer Ocean Queen, of Newcastle 15Lugger, Peep O'Day, of Wexford.. 6Barque Maria Somes, of London .. 19Schooner Speed, of Wexford 6

Total lives saved by Life-boats..Number of lives saved by shore-boats and other means, for which the Institution has granted t

rewards, during 1864 and the first five months of 1865 JT

614

Total 1,004SUMMARY FOB 1864 and 1865-to 1st June.

614Number of Lives rescued by Life-boats, in addition to 26 vessels saved by themAmount of Rewards to Life-boat CrewsNumber of Lives saved by Shore-boats, &c. . . . . . .•Amount of Rewards to the Crews of Shore-boats . . . . .Honorary Rewards: Silver Medals . . .

Votes of Thanks on Vellum and Parchment

£. s. d.

1,870* 6 6

13

Total . . 34 1,004 £2,208 19 6

The number of lives saved either by the Life-boats of the Society, or by special exertions, for which it has grantedrewards since its formation, is 14,572 ; for which services 82 Gold Medals, 746 Silver Medals, and £20,082 in cash havebeen paid in rewards. The Institution has also expended about £120,000 on its Life-boat Establishments.

Donations and Annual Subscriptions are earnestly solicited, and will be thankfully received by the Bankers "of the-Institution, Messrs. WILLIS, PEKCIVAL, and Co., 76 Lombard Street; Messrs. COUTTS and Co., 59 Strand ; Messrs. HERKIES,FARQTTHAB, and Co., 16 St. James's Street, London ; by all the Bankers in the United Kingdom; and by the Secretary,RICHARD LEWIS, Esq., at the Office of the Institution, 14 JOHN STREET, ADELPHI, London. W.C.—1st July, 1865.