UG 6)) SP 109

THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS LEGISLATIVE REFERENCE SERVICE

FACTS ABOUT UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECTS

Robert L. Chartrand Specialist in Science ond Technology

Scienoe Policy Research Division

Asaisted By: William F'. Brown

Analyst in Science and Technology Science Policy Research Division

1-tay. 5' 1966

Washington, D.C.

The Congressional Research Service works exclusively for the Congress, conducting research, analyzing legislation, and providing information at the request of Committees, Mem­bers and their staffs.

The Service makes such research available, without partisan bias, in many forms including studies, reports, compilations, digests, and background brieOngs. Upon request, the CRS assists Committees in analyzing legislative proposals and issues, and in assessing the possible effects of these proposals and their alternatives. The Servlce•s senior specialists and sub· ject analysts are also available for personal consultations in their respective Oelds of expertise.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pase

SUMMARY 1

INTRODUCTION 4

THE UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECT 4

Description of Various Types of UFO's 5

Trends in UFO Activity 5

Historical Sightings or Aerial Phenomena 7

Identification of ilying Objects (versus UP0 1s) 7

U. S. GOVERNMENT MONITORING OF UFO ACTIVITY 9

Air Foroe Establishes a 3pecial ProjGct 10

$pecial Studies or UFO 's 14

Special Briefings on UFO Activity 23

' PUBLIC REACTION TO UF0 1s 25

FOO'mOT&l 27

APPDfDICES

A - Air Force Regulation 200-2

B - u. s. Air Force Teoru.ioal Intor.mation

0 .. , Biographical Information

D- Unidentified FlJing Objeotsa Selected Bibliography

SUl.O.tARY

For almost two decades, there has been high public interest in

the reported sightings ot many kinds or ~eterious objects in the

:Jky. These aerial phenomena have bean called 11 £lying saucers" or

"Unidentified n,ing Objects" (UFO's) both in tho public press and

in official documentation.

A series of sighting& early in 1966 ~aused renewed interest in

tho subject, and the Seore~ary of the Air torco wna requested !I to

provide infornation concerning Air iorce ~otiVitieo in the area ~r

reported UF0 1 d to the ~ed Services Committee or tho U. s. House

of Representatives. f'ne essential elements of hio report are included

in this study, togotho~ with an historical perspective and details

regarding the development of reporting and evaluation procedures

tor handling UFO sighting information.

Public avareness of unusual flying objects cotm1enced in 1947,

nov considered to be the beginning of the "modem ora" ot sightinga,

and has continuati with periodic "waves" of activity to the present.

·or the 10,147 oases invastigated 6/b,y the u.s. Air Ioree proJect

establicheu to analyze such reports, 9,501 objects have been identi­

fied officially as bright stars and planets, com~ts anct meteors,

satellites, balloons, aircraft, and other known causes. This study

is concerned with those sightings in vhich the flfing object remained

unidentifiedJ i.o., in which the intormation available to the investi­

gators is not adequate for analysis, or for vhicb the existing in!orma­

tion suggests a bfpothesia but the object or phenomenon explaining it

cannot be proven to have been present or taken place at the recorded

time of the sighting.

Late in 194?, the Department of the Air Force vas designated as

the official nechanism of the United States Government tor invest!-

gating and evaluating reports on unuxplained £lying objeots and of

determining any latent threat to the national security. The organiza­

tion then established, known for many years as Project Blue Book, is

charged with monitoring, investigating, documenting and ~valuating

alleged UFO sightings within the continental United States.

In addition to Air lorce in-house efforts to document and

analyze the broad spectrum of sightings, special non-government con­

sultant panels periodically have been formed to review investigatory

procedures and findings ot the best documented UFO oases. Also, an

industrial consultant firm was directed to conduct an exhaustive

oxwnation o1~ the procedures adopted for reducing sighting data to

a form useable in later statistical manipulation and graphic depiction.

The puhlished findings of the study efforts, both by the Air

~orca and independent consultants, contain five major points:

1. UFO's do not pose a threat to the nation;

2. UFO's do not represent developments or principles beyond present-day scientific knowledge;

J. 'fhere is no evidence of extraterrestrial vehicles under the control or an intelligent being;

4. There is no evidence of physical matter left behind b,y a reported UFO;

5. Some small fraction of total sightings remain "unidentified."

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Todq 1 numerous WlOtfioial organizations exist wbioh colleot intorma­

tion and pulJlisb news on UFO sightings. Many ot these groups allege that

the Air Force is not revealing all of the truth about unidentified t'l.finl

objects. No evidence of such concealment has been developed. However,

to strengthen its investigatory capabilitr, the Air Force has announced

that a now "blue ribbon" panel or scientists has been appointed to con­

duct an independent, comprehensive studr or data pertaining to sigbtings

that so far have beon denoted as 11Unident:t.fied. 11

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INTOOOOCTION

Shortly after the end of the Second World War, the inhabitanta

of various countries reported observing unusual aerial phenomena. The

news media publicized many of these sightings -- including opinions as

to their possible extraterrestrial origin -- and a high degree of

public interest developed. Although numerous reports of unexplained Jl

flying objects were reported throughout Europe in 1946, attention in

the United States vas focused on the subject as the result of businessman

Kenneth Arnold. flying his private plane on June 24, 19471 reporting t.l

that he had seen "a chainlike formation of disc-shaped objects" near

MOunt Rainier, Washington. Due to the vide circulation of this story,

and the use of the descriptive phrase "flying saucers•, nationwide

interest quickly developed and vas sustained by numerous other alleged

sightings of unidentified flying objects.

"Unidentified flying objects," the terms used in all official and

most popular references to the subject today, are defined by the United

States Air Force as "any aerial object which the observer is unable to !V

identify." Dr. Carl Sagan of the Department ot Astronomy 1 Harvard

University, prefers to consider "UFO" as a "generic term for atmospheric

phenomena, detected visually or by radar, of a nature not immediately 21

understood."

THE UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECT

It is not possible to state that there is 8 •typiaal" UFO but, 88

discussed later, such aerial phenomena may be aeparated into several

categories. The numerous reports on sightings, which number more than

lv,ooo· in tbt United Stat•!la alone for the period 1947 through 1965,

haYe been described b7 Dr. Donald H. Menzel, Director of the Harnrd

Univerait7 Observator,r, as •a heterogeneous collection ot tacts, 11 . tiotion, and gue1ees." The .lir Force indicates that reports ot

unt•ailiar objects in the sk7 have been made b7 a vide range of

obsernrs1 milt tarr and civilian pilots, amateur astronomers, houee-

vine, etc. I

~sorMlt,lgD of Vtrious Types of UfQs

Descriptions uf UPOs often are inadequate for subsequent explana­

tion due to the conditions under which the sighting vas made, the

qualitications or the observer, or the dlfficultr or translating the

ele.ente ot the sighting into meaningt\ll terms. Basic descriptive

data usuall1 at6 expressed in these categories (vith examples):

Shape (cigar, propeller, aircraft, disc) Size (varies widely) Color (red, green, white, etc) MOtion (hovering, supersonic, vertical, zigzag) Means of propulsion (unknown -- flaming exhaust or

none; various noises or s!lent) Incidence (day or night; seldom ovar v~ter ~r

touohin~ the earth) Structure (unknown: apparently solid to "invisible~} Purpose (unknown) !V

Trend! in U.K> Activity

Experience derived from nearly twenty years (post-1947) of UFO

sighting activity indicates that act! vi t.y m.'ly he rP.porteti in "vavos"

of observations, sometimes in a localized area. The activity in Europe

in 1946, in the United States in 1952, and the high number or sip.htings

in 1957 after the launching of Sputnik reflect such patterns (see Figure 1).

In the aftermath of the Sputnik I 1BunehinP. in October of 1957, official

1

Total UFO Sightings

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FIGURE 1 UFO Sightings by Year

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records show that 701 sightings were recorded between October and CJJ

December or that year.

Historical Sightings of Aerial Phenomena

Prior to the so-called •modena era• (i.e., post-1947) of UPO

activity,unexplalned flying objects were reported less frequently.

Peaks of activity are discernible in the 1882-1886 period, as vel] .as

in 1887, 19o6 and 1909 (see Figure 2). Written sourees, raneing from

ancient manuscripts to noted newspapers tell of pre-twentieth centur,y

UFO sighting&; Jacques Vallee, author of Anatomy of a Phenomenon, has MJI

assembled a file ot more than 300 such reports for that period.

Arter 1800, sigbtings became more numerous and were better doc­

umented, both in the public and professional press. The explanations

or such phenomena involved much conjecture, but observers increasingly

sought rational criteria against which to test observations.

The great lesson of western civilization is that such a relation, between natural phenomena, cannot be adequately understood on the basis of introspection, speculation or superstition, but requires investigation. The ~ethods and techniques of investigation are vhat we mean by science. li/

Identification of FlYing Oblectg (yergys UFOs)

To evaluate UFO sightings, the Air Force hns estnhltshed categories w of identification, based upon previous experience that usually permits

conversion of an unidentified flying objoct to an identifiable one1

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Aircraft -- evaluations are made on the basis of des­cription and flight characteristics. Essential performance elements are delineated for conventional, jet, photo, and advertising aircraft; helicopters, and refUeling missions.

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YEARLY NUHBKR OF UPO RER>RrS -·· 1815-1915

18)0 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910

Figure 2

Chart reproduced vith permission or Henry Regner,r Com~, troa AnatomY of a Phenomenon b7 Jacques Vallee (Chicago, 1965h tolloving P• 116.

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Balloons -- evaluations are made on the hBsis of descrip­tion and flicht characteristics. Essential performance elements are delineated for weather (low level) balloons, upper research balloons, other research balloons (e.g., pillow, oluster, mrlar), and miscellaneous (toy, "hot air") balloons.

Astronomical sightings -- bright stars, planets, comet~, fireballs, meteors, auroral streamers, etc.

Satellites -- eval•lation will be basert on four elements of data: time of sighting, description of object, dit~ction of flight, and duration of sighting.

Other -- missiles, reflections, mirages, searchlights, birds, kites, spurious radar indications, fireworks, flares.

Those UFO reports which are not relegated to c,ne of the "Identified"

categories (above) are designated either undor "Insufficient Data" or ~a

"Unidentified•. Reports categorized as "Insufficient Data" lack one or

more elements of oritioal informationJ every effort h made to obtain this

data 1n order to perform a meaningfUl analysis.

A sighting is considered to be "Unid~ntif~ed" when "a report apparently

contains all pertinent data nocesaar,y to suggest a valid hypothesis concern­

ing the cause or explanation or the report but the description C)f the objec't. ill

or its motion cannot be corr9lat~d with any known object or phenomenon."

The role or the anal)·~t vho must evaluate tho sighting reports is . oa~oially demanding bacausa1

The attempted identification of the phenomena observed is genar&lly derived rrom human impressions and inter­pretations and not from scientific devicos or measure­ments. ltv'

The French student or UFO's 1 Vallee, agrees, but cautlons that "We must

anulyze the ovidence already gathered in such a VQY that·ve neither pre-. lil .

suppose nor preexcluris any possible conclusion."

U.S. GOV&RNMI'Ft JoDNITORING OF UA:> ACTIVITY

As the result of the flurry of s1eht1ng~ through()Ut the United States

toll~wfns A~ld'~obo~rvation or sovoral d~sc-shaped obje~ts, a letter . ' .

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was sent September 23, l947 by Lt. Gen. Nathan Twinin~, Commander ~r tho

Air Materiel Command, to the Office of Ghiof of Staff of the U. S. Air

Force, expressing the opinion that there was "surficient nubstance to the l2/

reports to warrant rietailed study." On Decembe~ JO, 1947 the Chief of

Staff, Gen. Carl SpaRtz, directed G~n. Joseph T. MeNnrney, Chief of tho

Air Materiel Command, to establish a special proje~t for the purpose of

collecting, collating, evaluating, and distributinP. information concerning 1 l:L u•"' sightings. Thus, "Project Sign'' came into being on. February 11, 1948.

Air Force Establishes a Special ProJect

In February of 1949, the Project Sip,n report was publi~hed, stating

that on the basis of 243 of tho "best documonted" reports studlerl, "no

definite evidence was available to confirm or disprove the actual

existence of unidentified flying objects as new and unKnown types of w

aircraft."

On December 16, 1?48, the project name was chanced to "Gntdge~;

the conclusions roached after sturlying 241~ reports (best rlocumontert)

was that tho phenom~na presented no throat to the se~urity of the United

States and that tho vast majority of sightings were m1st"terpretati~ns of l:!JJ

conventional objects. The newly formed Department of the Air force,

then, was designated as the Federal Government's inst.rumont for "tnves-

tigating reports on unidentified flying objocta and of evaluating any ~I

possible threat to our national security t.hnt such ohjcu~ts rnip.ht pose."

In March, 1?52, the Air ~'or~e project n11me be~an:o "Pro.Ject Blue

Book", •~hich re1'1141ns its current official design'ltion.

The objectives of Project Dlue Book are twofold: first, to determine whethor u•us pose a threat to the.security of;'the Unitod States; a:-ad o&cond, to deter~1ne vh~thnr /

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UtUs exhibit any unique scientific information or advanced tochnology •o~hich could contribute to ~clentU'ic or tech· nical research." ~

lnv?stigotgrY Progedyres

When a sightine 13 rep~rted, it is the responsibility of the air

ba~e commander closest to the scene to investigate the occurrence, inter·

view tho wltness(os), and complete the requisite form. The documento­

t.lon (FTD lo'onn 164) is forwarded to the Aer1al Phenomena Dranch, Foreign

Technolo'3 Divisiont Air Force Systems Commnnd 1 at Wright-Patterson Air

Force Baso, Chic. There l t io carefully rovifJ\Ie-i hy ProJect Blue Book 1

J)4Jrsonnel, and o chAok is mado, as appropriate, with the c:ognhnnt

specialty g~ups noted below If a second investigation is deemed

neoessar,y, either Air Force or consultant personnel vlslt the scene of

the incident, and submit a further report.

Since 19S5, Project Blue Book oontinues'to investigate 2D!l those

sightlnRS vhich ore reported either direotly to the Air Force, or via

some lnw onrorcAmant agency. Only sightings within the continental w United States oro included in these investi~ator,y efforts. Informa-

tion is prepared by tha USAF Office of Information tor the general

public in tho form of news releases and "Fact Sheets".

Cor.sul tonts fro vide ~xper~J_so in Manx Am as

In thP. day-to ·tlay t-reatment of tTro sightin~s, tho Air fo"orce teu

utilizes the expert,ise ,,.r many organizations and individuals (see w

Flp,ure 3 '• For a9':.ronornical sightil'lgs, such scientists as Dr. J •

Allen Hynek, Dr. Charles 1,. Ollvier, and Dr. Donald Menzel are used;

alao, the statts ot soientifio magazines (§kx and Telescope, etc.) are

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Figure )I REPORJ'ING, INVESTIGATING, AND ANALYZING U.ro SIGHTIHGS

r UFO

SIGHriNG

LT___:_. I '

......

r ST;:-& LOC~ "! I LAW OFFICERS . f ~D PUBLIC i ~FFICULS

r. ·-MILITARY SERVICE OR

, FEDERAL GOVERIM!XT

p/ r , , !ERIAL PHg{()MENA · BRANCH, WRIGirr- .,...__.,.

~ __.,, 4 W¥J'J4.J c.'¥ .... p&•TTODao'\N AIR ._. r_.-.r..,.;. 'j ¥ fOJiCY _. .,..,... A Dl\6liU

P U B L I C i_ .. FORCE BASE, OHIO

// ~ WITNESSES ./

RADAR SPECIALisrS

'·· .... '

I AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS

/ / .... . /

FAA, NASA, INVESTIGATION LOCAL AIR OTHER GOVT. COMPILATION --fORCE BASE AODfCIES ANALYSIS'- ltfVESTIGATOR

~.,/ I ., PHOTO .• ,., I AIU«' SPECIALISTS I NAVY

CONSULTANTS

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queried. In the case of suspected aircraft sightings, contact is made

with the Air Defense Command, the Strategic Air Command, local airports,

and the Federal Avi~tion Agency.

Balloon sigh~inp.s are referred to one or more of the following:

Balloon Control Center (Hollorr~n AFD), U.S. Weather Bureau (Ashville,

N.C.), local airport~~ and weather stations, and various industries

(e.g., General Mills) and universities which ~ro conducting balloon

research a~tivities: Satellite information is chocked by t~ference to

printed ECHO (the large reflector satellite) schedules, NASA satellite

reports, Smithsonian North and South Equatorial Crossings, and the

Space Detection and Tracking Systems (SPADATS). Missile information is

obtained by contacting Cape Kennedy (Fla.), Vandenberg AFB (Calif.),

Point M8gu (Calif.), Wallops Island (Va.), or military units involved

in special exercises,

Speci~l. Air Force ~nnlytical groups, and on occasion Eastman

Kodak Co., handle the technical aspects of radar sightings and most

photographic reports. Physical specimens suspected of connection with

the sightinp,s nre proces3ed by such groups as Battelle Memorial Institute

(ceramic~), the Air Fore~ Materiel Laboratory, the U.S. Food and Drug

Administration, Libby Owens and Corning Fibrep,lass companies (glass),

and certain academic groups (e.g., Northwestern University Department

of Geology).

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§pecipl Stud!~§ oj(UFOs

In addition to in-house studies, the Air Force contt·acted with an

industrial consulta~t in 1951, tor an independent analysis leading to1

Special Report No, 14 (6nalY§i~ of Reports pf Ynidentif!gd Aarial Objects),

dated May 5, 1955. The methodology use in the preparation or this report

is discussed below.

Concurrently with this independent study, the Air Force appointed a

Scientific Advisor,y Panel chaired by the late Dr, H. P. Robertson (Califor­

nia Institute or TeohnoloaY)• This five-man panel met during the week of

Januar,Y 14, 195), and examined 75 of the best documented UFO oases. The

panel concluded that the phenomena presented no threat to the security ~f

the United States. It further recommended that the Air Forcd deprive the

,' project or its spacial status, which would aid in decreasing the ~ster,y

attached to the subject. Neva releases and all matters dealing with the

public would be handled by the Office of Information at the Seoretar,r w

level.

Air Force fiesulation ~

In 1953, Air Force Regulation 200-2 (see Appendix A) vas issued,

which established the responsibility ~ procedures for reporting infor­

mation and evidence on UF0 1s, and tor releasing information to the gen-

eral public.

This regulation established the UFO Program to investigate and analyze UF0 1s over the United States. Such investigation and analysis are directly related to Air.Force responsibility for the defense of the United States. ~

A questionnaire (see Appendix B) was prepared for use in documenting

aightings or unidentified aerial phenomenon, entitled "U. s. Air Force I :·

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Technical Information" (FTD Form 164). The essential elements of infor-

mation to be reported by observers include such it.ems as time and place

of sighti~ veaUer conditions 1 object size and motion, anrl location of

observer. Procedures were establisherl -- JANAP 146, Cirvis, M~rint

to guide the other military servi~es in reporting UFO sightlngs.

Special Report No. 14

Throughout the period of preparation of Special Report N9. 14 by the

industrial consultant study teamf emphasis vas placed on a step-by-step,

rational analysis or sighting data, and care vas taken to place the reports

ln a standardized; ~arefully structured form. A pr,cerlure then vas devel-

oped for reducing the rlata to useable form. to be accomplished tn four

major steps:

1)

2)

1)

4)

a systematic listing of the factors necessary to eval~ate the observer and his report, and to irlentlfy the unknovn object observed a standard scheme for the transfer of data to a mechanized ~omputation system an ordet•ly moans of relating the original rJat . ., to all subsequen~ forms a conslstent procedure for the identification of the phenomenon described by the original data. ~

A qUestionnaire form and a coding system vith appropriate vork sheets

\/ere designed anrl a serial numbedng system \las established for sighting

data. Key terminology then vas agreed upon, \lith the term "Unit Sighting"

referring to the actual sighting, and "Objgct Sighting" referring to the ~

assumed number of phenomfna.

Eyaluatioo of sighting reports in preparation of data for later sta­

Ustical treatment has been consirlered to be critical. The standardized

procedure in Special Report No. 14 featured:

1)

2)

3)

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the deduction or discrete facts trom data vhloh depended on human impressions rather than scientific measurements the rating of the observer and his report as determined trom available information the determination or the probable identification of the phenomenon observed. 22/

Categories of identification includsdl balloon~ astronomical, aircraft,

light phenomenon, birds, clouds (dusts etc.), insufficient information, ~

psychological manifestations, unknown, and other. Identifications

vere performed in tvo phases, first by the individual vho first made the

transcription ot the sighting data, and second, by a conference of four

porsons (tvo from the Air Force, tvo from an outside consultant group)

in order to maximize objectivity and thoroughness 1n the handling of this

data.

Thus, the study team vorked to ensure that the collection, collation,

and interpretation of sighting data vere performed according to the proper

procedures. The relationship b&tveen the observed faot per se and the

subsequent interpretation is noted by Henzel and Boydt

In the study of UPO phenomena this question of 'evidence' is crucial. The carefUl investigator tries always to distinguish sharply betveen an observed tact, which is evidence, and an interpretation of that fact, which is not evidence no matter hov reasonable ~t may seem. ll/

Vallee, in his discussion of report handling 1 goes one step fUrther

in urging that "the tvo operations -- maintaining a file of reports in

accordance with official regulations, and doing research on the informa­

tion contained in the reparts -- should be very clearly separated, and w

separate cod~s should be used."

To beat analyze sighting data on unidentified aerial objects, §ptcigl

Beport No, 14 declares that the Air Force should engage in a "systematic

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sorting and tabulation pror.ram t.o give rr,quency anct percentaP.e dist.ribu-J)/

tiol"l~ of the important charact.,ristics of Ritthtin,:s. '' In thl3 way,

90rtlng, counting, and tabulating or information from the punnhed cord

~bstracts could be executied, and fUrther, any emerging patterns

trends might be identitied and used in ruture, more sophisticated t.reat­

ment U9ing statistical methods.

Attempts to Create a "Flying Saucer" MOdel

An attempt to discern meaningfUl trends and patterns in UFO sight­

logs then was made b7 analyzing the d,scriptiono or the phynlcal appear­

ance, flight characteristics, and other significant attributes of var­

ious classes of UFOs. Of the 434 object si~htings identified ~s "Un­

knowns", only 12 were described in enough detail that th~y could serve w as the basts for the creation of a "flying saucer model". Other

~ich~ing data did, however, sometimes coincide with certuin features of

the reported UPOs in these four categories. JjJ .

These 12 sightings could be placed in four categories on ~he

basis or their shapes&

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Figure 5

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Aircraft Shape_~

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figure 6

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Fit-ure 7

Lighted Windo\Js ---

~ .............. ,. , __ .....,__ .. ·,

.. ~ .... , __ .)

~"'ig'.lre 8

Claar Sh3p~s

r--.. I I ,_ •• ..,...,1

Flashing light

Figure 9

Porthole a

Figure 10

Elliptical or Disc Shapas

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Figure 11

(~ide View)

Figure ll.

Elliptical or Disc Shapes

LR5-22

As a result of ~t.'Jdying intensively the 12 subject cases, the study

team vas unable to develop a verified model of! "flying saucer". Hov­

ever, the four cat~gories of reported flying obj~cts (as shown in

Figures 4 through 12) did ~volve and could be used for future referencee.

The conclusions contained in Special Report No. 14 noted that•

it is considered to be highly improbable that reports of unidentified aerial objects examined in this studY represent observations of technological developments outside of the range of present-day scientific know­ledge. It is emphasized that there has been a complete lack of any 'IRlid evidence of physical matter in any case of a reported unidentified aerial object. l2/

Ad Hoc Cpuyn1.tte-2,...Q..f' ••. USA.f 3oiontifio Advisory Board

Early in 19~6, an id hoQ committee of the USAF Scientific Advisor.r

Board reviewed the resources and methods of investigation prescribed by

Project Blue Book, at the request of Maj. Gen. E. B. LeBailly, Seoretar,y l1J

of the Air Force Oflic~ cf Information. After reviewing the findinga

of the l9S) Robertson panel, and hearing briefings by Air Force Project

Blue Book p~rsonnel, th~ committee then reviewed selected case histories

of UFO sighting&.

The committee felt that 1t wes significant tha~ in spite of thousands •

C\f hours of astror.c-ildcal obs~rvation and photographic coverage, "not a

single llnident 1t1~~td bb,teet h-!lu beer. reported as appearing on any of these .l!V

plates or b~~n stghted viAually in all these observations." Finallr,

te was eoneluded tho~ tttn the 19 years sincft the f1rst U.lo"O vas sighted

then has be~n no ~tv1dence that unidentified flying objects are a threat JV .

. to our national security.~ However, in order t~ reduce the number of

reported flying objects olassified as "Unidentified", the reports included

recommendations ft>r st-r~ngth&ning the-·project staff, contracting with a I ,

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fev selected universities to assl~t in UFO investigations, initiation of

studies in dnpth of selected cases, an expanded form (questionnaire) for I&

reporting, and vidor distribution or UFO official literature. w

It was announced on April 21, 1966 by Rep. Garnld R. Ford th~t

the United States Air Force has contracted with a group of 9cientists ~)

perform an independent s;;udy or UFOs. This ''in depth" anolysh will

commence after July 1, and vlll concentrate on some or the rePorts vhtch

remain unexplained after investigation through established Air Force

procedur4s.

Spegial Briefinas on UFO ActivitY

Periodically, the attention r.iven to UFO activity by the pu~llc h~d

neva media has causad various high level milltBr,y and civilian rP.quP.sts

for speciol briefings. In October, 19S6, a briefing was given by Pro­

ject Dlue Dook personnel for Maj. Gen. Millard Levis, Director of Air

Force Intolligenco (DeS/Operations). Loss than a yonr later, on Sep­

tember 16, 1957, the 09fense Science Board was briefed on the status o~ {,2j

uro activity.

In thQ p9rlo~ followlnP. tho launching of Sputnik I, th~ numbor or

reporte~ UlO sightin~s roso spectncularly. A sp~cial brleflng waa c~n­

ductod durin& JnnuarJ, 1958, for tho Sl)nate Commit too on Government w Operations (Hon. John L~ lfcClellan, chairman). In AIJ\\USt o.r tho some

year, a briefing o,.ras hold for the Subcommittee on Atrnospherlc Phano!~l'lna

of the Hnuse Sglect CoJTLrnitt.oa on Astronautics and Spnco E~:')loratlon <. Hon. w· John W. HcCormack, chairman).

The next rsquest for a special briofinp, vas not r~c•>rderl by Project

Blue Book until Jul:f, 1961, whP.n Rllbrtrt:.Smart, "chior counsel'', to Congren-/ ' . w man Joseph _s( Korth, was given s sto~u~ report on tho UFO program.

Ln$-~4

On J\prll "~ 1966, Dr. Harold Brovn, Secretary of the Air Force,

accompani~d by Dr. J, Allen Hynek and Maj. Hector Quintanilla, Jr., UPO

project officer, appearec before the House Committee on Armed Services.

Dr. Brown assu~ed tho Co~ittee that:

Although tho past 18 years of investigating unidentified flying objects have not identified any threat to our national security, or evidence that the unidentified ,_,\)jects represent developments or principles beyond ,resent-day scientific knowledge, or any evidence of extra­terrestrial vehicles, the Air Force will continue to in­vestigate such phenomena with an open mind and with the finest technical equipment available. ~~

Later in the teet1mony 1 various Committee members raised questions

regarding UFOs sighted on radar, or photographed. Dr. Hynek estimated w

that "only about 1 percent, or less" of the cases reported to the Air

Force h&ve included photographs. When asked what percentage of the

reported incidents in the United States have been viewed on radar screens,

Maj. Quintanilla indicated "about 1.5 percent", and la~~r noted that "We !&/

have no radar cases which are unexplained."

It has be9n shown that several groups -- Congression~ senior mil­

itary, and sctentlfic -- have taken an interest in and examined evidence

relat9d to UFO Bi«htings. The great majority of UFOs have been identitied

as known objects or natural conditions. In no instance has the Air

Force or any other official group purported to have the answer regarding

the existence or life in outer space. Lt. Col. Lawrence J. Tacker, author

of FlYing 5aucers~nd the U. S. Air Forcg, emphasizes this:

It is important to state once again that tt.e United States Air Force does not deny the possibi:Lity that lifo could exist on other planets or in other solar systems, or that conditions for life as ve k1'0W it on earth could not exist somewhere out in space. ZQ/

PUBLIC REACTION TO UfO'S

For nearly tvo decades, people throughout the vorlrl have evinced a

strong, though cyclical interest in UFOa. Tho reported presence or

aerial phenomena has held psychological significance for some, quasi­

scientific importance for others, and a religious connotation for 10t

others. In general, there are tvo main groups or persons vho study UF0 1 ~1

1. •UFOlogists 1 -- serious, scientific students or tho exciting phenomena nov taking place in our hcavenn ••• among such intellectuall1 curious students are numbered toda1 man1 outstanding aviators, space scientists, engineers, radar experts, colle~e pro­fessors, ministers, high-ranking officers of the armed service3, and others.

2. 'contactees' or saucerians -- many or these people purport to have made contact vith those vhom they call the space people -- either by physical means or utilization of mfSterious and mystical techniques vhich are never subject to objective scientific analy­sis or other kinds or demonstrable proof. 2Q/

Dr. Carl Jung, the psychologist, points out that d!lspito tho rr.a~·

of observational data which has been accrued, ''tho physlcol reollty o~·

UrUs remained a problematical matter."

The longer tho uncertainty lasted, tho gr~alor bocamo the probability that this obviously complicnteti phenomenon had an extremely important psychic comp:mllnl :1~ well as a possible physical basis. ~

The psycholo~ical significnnco of the Ur'O, then, b n factor to r.,

r!~r1ves, perhaps, ~ot ::;c r:rurh from scientlfic curio:Jlty ~:> fr~m unf'ulfil: ~-: w

rolir,ious noecis." 'Nhatevor tho !Hgnificancc 'J!' U~·U!1 to ·.rnrious pers m:·,

dozens of orr,ant ?.at ions r.ave been orranizerJ throu'!hout thn •mrld "to c'l-

lect UFO reports nnci publish • the truth • nllep,tHHy suppri)~:H.Hi by govem-~

rnent sources." Soma of theM prou~s mnlntain extP.nslvo ctnta files,

disseminate nevs on UFO sightingo, atld send their ovn investigators to

interview citizens vho have seen unidentified aerial objects.

A literature has developed on the subject, ranging from the serious

to the remotely relevant. Manr or the civilian organizations feel that

the Air Force effort to document and evaluate sightings is inadequate,

and that a full Congressional inquir,y on the subject should be held.

Menzel and Boyd state that "most UFO organizations cling to the belief

that a conspiraor exists to conceal the existence or extraterrestrial w

vehicles, but they disagree on its precise composition."

The Air Force steadfastly has stated that it "does not seek to

limit discussion on such reports and does not vit~h~ld or censor any ~

information pertBinlng to this unclassiiied program." Recommenda-~

tiona to expand the Air Force project now are under consideration

and a consultant group, as noted above, soon vill undertake an inten-

sive, comprehensive study or selected facets of UFO activity.

• LR5-27

1. U. s. Congress. House Committee on Arrnerl Sortti.cos, Yvidqnt1Ciod Flxlng ObJects. Ho3rinn by the Comn~lttee ota .\nned Services. (89th Cong., 2nd sass., April 5, 1966), p. 5991.

2 • .!.2!.d. , p. 5992..

), Jncquon Vallee, Anntomy of n Phenomenon (Chic:.go, lteney Regner/ Co., 1965), pp. 39-48.

4. Project Blue Book, S5o]t~t Re~rt No. 14 (AnalYsis of Itooort!J 2C Unidentified Aorinl ObjectS), Wright-Pntterson Air Forco Oase, Ohio: Air Technical Intelligence Genter, Hay 5, 1955), p. 1.

5. froiect BLUE BQOK (February 1, 1966), p. 1.

6. Cnrl Sagan, 11Unident1fiorl !-'lying Objects," reprint from Tho Encx­clopedta Americana (copyrir,ht 1963), p. 1.

7. Donald H. ~n1.ol and Lyle 0. Boyd, lbJ World of flyin~ Soucers (New 1orkl Doubleday & Company, 19 ) 1 p. 6,

8. I~irl., PP• 7, 9. Socan, gn. £11., p. 1.

9. Sagnn, 2a• £!!., p. ).

10. Vol)eo, ~· sll•t P• 5.

11. Lee Loovinr.or, ~Jur1metr1cs--Tbe Next Step Forward," Minnogota L&w Royt2y, 194?1 ))r455, p. 478 •

. 12. Prg tept BLU~ OOOK, $W• ill• 1 PP• 1-). 5oec1nl Report No, 14, gn. ~., p. 10.

1). Pro.toct RLUe OOOK, ~· ill·, p, 2.

11 •• Lt. Colonel L~wrence J. Tacker, FlYing Saucers ayd tbn y.s. Air Force (Princeton, N.J. r D. Von Nostrand Company, 1960 , p. 154.

1S. Vallee. Qn· ~J!,, P• 81.

16. ''The Unldont..ltiod Flyin6 Objoct ProgrAm,~ U.s.· Air r'or~e sunL"'&T)' out­llne proparod by Pro,ject. &l.US ~OK, p. 2 •

17. .Il21d·' P• 2.

18. ~ .. p. 2.

I . .. ~ : '

. '

':W

LRS-2.8

19. ~., P• 2,

20. Department of the Air Force, Office ot the Secretaey, Dr. Harold Brow letter to Ron. l, Mendel Rivers, Chairman, Collllllittee on Amed Services, House of Representatives, U.S. Congress (Wallhington, D.O.) April 5, 1966, p, 1.

21, ProJect 8LUE OOOK, 2R• ill•• P• 1.

22. !!WI., p. 4.

2), ttThe Unident.ified Flying Object Program, • 9ll• ~., pp. 4-6.

24. "The Unidentified Flying Object Program," 2D• gii., pp. 2-3.

25. Department of the Air Force, Ai~f,rge Beculation No. 200:21 (Washington, D.C.I Haroh JO, 1 4 1 p. 1 •

. 26, Department of the Air Force, U.S. Air Force Teohnioa1 lpforMtion

(rro Form 164), October 1962, pp. 1-5.

27.

28.

29.

30.

Special fteport No.

lliJl., pp. 6, 9.

§R.ecial fleoort No.

.!!?..~·. P• 10,

14, SUl• ill·'

u. SU2· ill·,

31. Menzel and Boyd, 2D• ~., p. 4.

)2, Vallee, 2P• ~., p. lOJ,

P• 4.

P• 10,

JJ, Special Report No. 14, 2R• gii,, p. 14.

34. ~ •• pp. 76-78,

35. ~ •• pp. 78-91.

J6, Special Report No. 14, 2P• ~., p. ix.

J?, Dr. Brien O'Brien and others, "Special Report of the USAF Scientific Advisory Board Ad Hoc Committee t~ Review Project 1Blue Book,'" March 1966, p. 1.

)8, lli.sl· 1 P• 2,

)9, ~., P• 2.

40. llli•, PP• 2-4.

, I

•

•

42.

LRS-29

~fO Sl~htlng~ Study Ordered• (headline), The Washington foat, April 22, 1966, p. A4.

~The Unldent1Cled Flying Objeot Program," 22• ~., P• ),

.!!llil·, P• ),

.!!l.Uto J Po ) I

45. .!!U.51·, P• I. •

~6. U.S. Congress. Houso Committee on Armed Servlcos, Unidentified Flrin, QbJects, 2R• ~., P• 5992.

1.7, lJWl., P• 6072.

I,'R. lJWl., PP• 6072-607),

~9. Tacker1 gR. ~., p, A?.

50. lion. Edr,ar W. lliestantt, The Gon,•r1J~S19nn1 Reet-r<l, .Tuly 15, 1959 (quoting Georr.o Todt), .SW• .£U., P• Alt8J),

51. c. J. June, Flying Soucers, A ModVtn HYth of Thlngg Y3en ln the 5kios (Lonrlonl Routledge & Kagan Paul, 1959) p. x111.

52. Sor.an, 2R• ~., P• 8,

5). Menzel onrl Boyd, 21!• ~., P•

5~ I l!Wl·, p. 278.

55. rro.ioct OW& OOOK, QR• ill·,

56. ill!!•, PP• 2-4.,

.·

275.

P• ~.

•

' .. . ,._.. , .. I

-30 ..

APPENDIX A CII,\NGE

.\lit J.'ORCE REGULATION :SO. 200-2A

AFR 2G0-2A

DEPARTMENT OF TUB AIR FORCE WubiDatoo, $0 Morell 1004

lntclllgenco Actblllctt

UNIDEI'\TIFIED FLYING OBJECTS (UFO)

.u·u 200-:l, 20 Jul1 19ft2, I• rl•on~:•·•l•• Collowu

:tal. Pimlit~g&. AFSG (F'l'l>) will prcpnro n finnl n·port em M•·h ~<i,:thtin~t aftt•r mllcction und aualy~<is uf tlntn. Wlu•n linal rl.'purt t•cmtnin!J in· furumtiun of fliJ:tnili••tmt. intclli~t'IU'C \'aluo, AFSC (FTJ)) will furwnrcl n ••opy uf thf' report to HQ t::;,u· (AF~lNDE), Wash DC 20330.

Jt·. ChniiJtC rdrrcnc<'oi to paragrnplut "7 nnd 8" tu "0 n111l 7 ."

lh. Chnn~;o "ur" to "of."

JU, ('o11lllds. l'ri\'ah~ intli\'icluals or organizn· 1 iuns tl<'l!iring Air Fun·c intcn·h•ws, bricfin~s h-•·lul'<'~'> 1 en· l,ri\'nto cli~rw•.~inns un UFO:t will h·· im;truc·tr< to direct tllf'ir rcqut•sts to tho c )lfic·o of Information, Onil'o of tho Sccrctnry of the Air I•' or<'<'. Air ~··nr<'o Jlcrsonn<'l, other thnn •lt•.:;ignatcd in\'t'Mi:;.tlnr~ (s('(' Jlanagruph 3b) und thu:o;c u! lht! Oint'!!"( ln!ttrmation, will nut con· t;~l'l JlriWtiC! indh·itluals nn UFO t•w .. cs, nor will 1 hl'y dist·uss t lll'ir "l't•ral~tms mul functions with ua•alll horizl'li prrsuns, unlt•s:; 110 dircctctl, nnd then ouly un n nccd·to·know basis.

I In, Chun~C! rc!crc:'ncc.ll to pamgruphs "2 und 6" to "1 und 4."

II c. Clmnge l"'ft'MU:€':t to parngr,tphtt "7, 8, 0, and b(2Y' to 111i, 7, 8, mad b(2)(b).'

Hv Ouocn m· Tilt: St:cnL"TAilY or Til& Am Fonc&

o .... acua.

H. J. PUOll Coloud, US,ll•' IJA'rcdor of ,\dmitti~tralit·c Scm'u•

DIS'l'RIDU1'ION: 8

J 2h. Submit. rcJlOrls of &il{htin~s 0\'(•1' 3 tlay:~ u),l by letter; however, kt'CJl the U!>C of lcttl'r n·rw•rts to n minimum in rcJlOrting initial sightina;s. Tlw clrlays often invoh·ctl in processing nntl trans· mitting c·orrr,s\)()lulenro through normal dtannrls mny mnko fol owup investigations diffi•~ult, pr••· durinp; only limited usnblo informntion. This fnctor is n nrcessary considemtlon. HCJlorting hy clertricnl mean~ will climinnto t.lrll\ys. Submit n foll·~WIIIl nnd/or complcto report on nil "ighting:-; I nit iully n•portcd dcctricnlly, if so requrl'itcd by AFSC(F'l'D).

13ui·t). Chnngo "AFCIN" to "AFNIN."

13h, Wrillrn lltlmTI&. Submit nil let h•r reports (hasio letters nml fullowup or r.omplcto roportl-i) dirc1·t to AFSO CFTJ>), Wright-Puttcr.-«m AFB, Ohio, 45133. AF:iC (l•vl'l>) will diHtributc tho rt!I)Orl.ot to interested intcllig<'nco nnti\'itics in the United Htntc.ot tmtl to the 011ico of l~tformntiou, j( llCCC88:lfY.

13h(l), Delete.

13b(2). Delete.

16, Chnngo rcrcrcnco to paragraph 116" to ".J.''

18. Chnngo 11TD-E" to "TDEW.''

CUU'l'JS E. LeMAY Chl't/ of StajJ

if ............. , ,.,.,., .,.u, .. ..

Rgprroduced by Librar,y of ConP.;oss, Lonislative hO erenco Service l·:ay 196o

AIR FORCE RJ;OULATION NO. 200-2

-31-

AFR 200--2

DEPARTMENT OF THE AJI'\ FORCE Waahin«ton, fO JtAlr JD6t

Jntelllgcnre Artlvlllt•A

UNIDENTIFIED fl,YING ODJECTS (UI-'0)

Thl• reRttlatlon ttltablulaea the UFO Protram to lnvl'.ellttale nnd annly•e VFO'• ot'h' lh«' Unltc1l Stale•• ~urh lnvellll•tlon and atUJ!yll• are dlredly relalttd to Air Fort'r. rl!apondhll'•y Jor ''"' defenae of tlae Unlltd SU.Iet. Til. VFO Prottram prc.,.,ldl!l Jor tlae prompt reporll,.,· u111l rapid ldenrlficallon neetlM Jor •uece,.Jul .,ldentiJirtlllon," ~hlch 11 the 1econd oJ the our phn1e1 of air de/tttUe--Jeledlon, ldemljicatltm, Interception, and de•lructlon • ..411 comrtUindlrl wUl t'omply •trlctly Wtllh thl• re1ukrllon.

8ECriON A-GENERAL P41'0f'ott/l Jo:xplanalion of Ternv .•••••.••...•...•••.•••.•..••..••.••..••..•......••..••••.•.•. ~ I ObJec:tlvM.... . • • . • . • • • • . • • • • • . • • • • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • . • . . . • . . . • . • • . • • . . . . . . . . • . . . . • . . . 2 RMIW'INibllitiee. • • • • • • .. • • • • • • . • • • .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .. .. .. • • .. .. • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • a Gui,janc:e ..••••.••.•..••.•.•.....•.••..••••.........••........•............ · . ·. . . • • 1 Rtporlln1 UFO Jnlormallon....................... . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . • . . . . • . • . . • • • • • • • • • 6

~1-:CTJON 8-l'UBLIC RRLATION8, INFORMATION, CONTACTS, AND llELEAHES .MAintl\lnlng Publie Relatione .................................................. , .. . . . (i lltleuinBinform•t!on. . • • • . • • • • • • • • • . . . • • • • • • • . • . . • • • • • • • . . . • . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Exc:epllona. • • • • • . • • . . . • • . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • . . • • • . • • . . . . . .. . • • . . . . . . • • • • . . • . • . R Release lly Non·Air Fu~e fioun:ee............................................... . . . . . 9 Contaeta ................. ·"................... .. • . . .. .. • .. . . . • .. . . . . . . .. . . • . . . . . . . Ill

SF.CTION C-PREPARINO AND SUOMITTINO REPORTS

0Pne~al lnfQimatlon................................. . . . .. • • . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II Meth,d~tlnr TrantmltUn1 RepnrUI................................................ . . . 1:.? WherC' To Submit Reporta.......................................... . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . I :I D&Mie Reportln« Data and Format....................... .. .. . . .. .. .. .. . . .. • . . . • .. . .. . II Ne~taUve or lnapplit'able Data....................................................... 1:, Comment,. ol Pr'tparing Olfic:er......................... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . I•> CI~-.Aifi<oation. • • • • • • • • • . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . • • . . . . . . • • • . . • . . . . . . . . . • . . . . • . . . . I? Reporting Pbyalral Evidenee......... ... • .. .. .• • • .. • . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lh

SECTION A-GENERAL 1. Explanation of Tennt. To Insure prop~r and •miform UBllltC in UFO aerccning111, lnvtetlg&tiOn!l, and ff'portinR&. an explanation of the objcets I olio\\·.~:

a. Fl1milinr or known o~jtcl&:

• II Airt.rnft. hnlloon~. l<itca, hirds, f!tRrrh· light~. ast ronomirnl I•Ofli<'lll (met toNI, piRnNII, Alnr11. cornets), r•ilotle~ nit<'r~lt. tni~'lilt'.!l, Mlcl· lill•!i in nrhit. ntul other,; illrntifirtl hy the oh· til'rwr ••M nnrmnl npfl<'Rrin~ objects.

l2t Flyin~ ohjrl'ts rlN<'rmint>d to he nir· wol:. ':'hc!it' ~rnrmlly nJlpMr M R rcsu It of AD JZ \'iulhttnn,. cuul often promrJt I hr. UFO ri'Jlortll :mlnnit'c•l t,~· tlw gf'ncrl\l pui,Jic. Tlu•y nrc r~nti· ily i!lt•ntHini•w l\'1, or known to hf', nirrralt, hut tlu-i:- type, f"Jrj!nw, orhdn. nrul ""~tinl\tion 1\rf' unknown. Air lJrfcn~c Command is rt'spoMiblt'

for rrpnrl11 of 11 un):nown" nirrrl\ft, whirh l'ho••lti not ht> rrportecl ns UJo'O't~ und~r thi~ r<'1ml:ltinn.

(:U Airctnft Rnrts, jrt t'Xhl\ust.~. C'Ohd('nsa· tion trnils, blinking or steady lhtht..c: oh!lf'rW•I :'t night, liRhh; circling or neat nirJlort~ nnd nir· ways, Rnfl other phenomena or ohj .. ,·ts known to 'br. emanating from, or to ht' in•lirl\tion" n(, Ritrrnft. Thc!ic 11hould not hl' rrrmrtf'd uwlrr thi~ rf'~ull\tion, ns they clo not fnll withi1. the definition of a UFO.

h. ( lrliflrntifird Flying Objul&. Any M•ril\l pilcuom('nR. nirhomf' ohjt>cl or ohjcrt~> wilirta nrl' unknown or RJlpC.\r out ol the ortlinnry tn r iu~ oh~el'\'f't hrc-nu~r. of )l('rforrnnnrt', 1\('rmtynamir rhnrartl'rJ!Ities, or •musut\1 ft'l\ttlrt's.

2. Oltj('t'llvrfl, Air Jo'orrr. hltf'r~·~L in UFO':' is thn·f'·foJ.J. Fir.~t. "~ R Jlll"-'lihlr lhrN.I to th" :', •• rurity of tlu• {;nitf'cl ::itatf's nntl its fnrrr~; ~>r.c-·

Thle re•ulallon tuperMCI~• AFR 200-21 I' S..plentber 1959, '" am~nd~d.

01•1: AFCIN OISTRIBtrflON: S

,

-32-

AFR 200-2

oncl, to •Mrrmlnt! the tr,.hnital or scirnUfic char· nrtrril'tir:c of nnv such lfFO'ei Unrrl. to cxpl"in or i•l~·ntify ••II l'FO t~i~-thtinn,. as dt't~rrihcd in JlM•l,i:rl\)lh I h.

a. ,tir IJt!rrl<:t. Thl' ~rrnt m"jorit)' of llying nhJn'l:- rt•t•ortt•cl hl\w hr.cn (On\'cntionRI, fnmil­inr I hinl!l' oi 1\0 ;,!ff'tll lhff'l\l to the ll('f'Urit)' Of tlw llnih•tl ~ll\t,•:~ nnd ile po~.o~l'.l't~iona. llowc•vcr, :>im·r 1 he liO~'iblliL!o' r).b\s tl•nl UFO's rrpnrtrd IU:\)' h1• ho~til<! or· new forci~;n nir vchirlrs of mu·om·('ntionnl clr~ign, it is itnllCrativc to r<'port ,.is:htinj:~ rnpidly, Cl\chmlly, nnd os complrtcly 1\l' JIO~:cihlc.

h. Tuhru·r.1l mul Sricr1ti{tr. The Air Force will r••ntinttr to tollrrt nntl nnnb'&r rellOrts ol UFO't' un1 il nil nrt! l'rirutilirnlly or trrhnirally ex· plninr.t or until tht' full polt'ntinl of tha tliAht· in·~~- h.h h.·,•n l'~ploitf'll. Tn rwr,orlllin~ tt.is tfU!k thl' folluwin~ fnc1ora nrc of grt'l\t importnncc:

(I) To meneuro st'ientifir ndvAncea, the Air Fnrct· lll\lllt hllVl\ tbr ll\l~AL expcrimcnlnl ll!VI ,tc­wlnpll:f'ntnl idurmntion on new or unique oir \'thiriu• or Wi'Rfl\lOa.

!21 1'hc> po~sihility cxi:.tli thRt. foreign t'llllnlrir~ llll\)' tlcvclo)l nir Vt"hiell's of rc\'nln· lil'nnty rnnfi~urntion or flrOJHII&iC!n.

(:\1 Thrr,• i~ nrNl (tlr '"rth~r ~cicntilic k•H,\\ J,••it!l' in :;111'11 ftclcia uro •;rOJlh)'Aicll, n~trnn· •Hn)', r\nd Jlhyt~irll of the UJIJlCr ntmo11phrre whl<'h thr :o.tudy nntl nnnh•11i11 of UFO'tt nnd Himilnr 1\trinl phrnomrM nu"ay Jmwhle. •

t4) Tht' rrport inJ{ of ~II l'•'rtinl'nt ft1t.tora will hRw a •lirf'rl lwnriu~ em f'rirntillr nnni)'I\C'I' . Hhl rtliU'IHlliun~ ,,( UFO ~j~i1ting~

••· Rrtlurtio" o)f/•,.rrrllltlflr fl/ l'f'O "l.'nitltn· tifir'i .•. " ,\ir l•'urr«' n~th·itif's nm~t rtclur«' lhr Jlt"r• ••,•r•la~t~ of unirl•·lllili~d.o; to the minimum Annly­!il:o 11111~ fnr hhl' rxplninerl nil hut n few of the '~<i;!l.tin~~' rrportrd. Thl'~t' uMxplniMd Bil!htln~ts :u•· •·arrht M~tli~tirally ns unirfcntiflrds. lf n1orc i•···•wclht•'. dN,\i)NI, ohjrtth·c rlntn on the un· known!' h:ul hrcn n\'1\ilnhlc, t•rohnhly lhl'5«', too, <'llUitl lm\'<' l'•'f'n t':<fllltin<'d. How"v~r. ht'rnu~c n( lht• lllllllhll ii"WIM~ in\'OIVNI, nn•l the ful'l thnt .waly~t·~ of lfli'O r.ightin~s tlCflNl•l primnrily on 1111' prr:conaJ im)JfCUiOhlS nun hu.r~)tdr.tlonA of t lu• ob~rr\·•~r~~ rnthtr tlu,n on Mrurnl<! 11cicntitic chtn nr fntll' ohlnincd uudcr controU~rl concli· h•ms. tht! l'liminnlion of nil unidcntifietlll ;, hn· l'rtllt:chlt'.

3. ilt\iJlnn:dhiHtltsl

n. lir.J•Orlit~?. Unsc tommnndcn. will rc1•ort. all inlormntion nnd evidence of UFO elghlingal in· tlurlin~ inlonnRtion and evidence received rom otl•cr eervices, Government. agencies, and civil·

inn sourt.t'a. Investigators arc •mthorl&ed to mnkc telephone calls from the inver.ligation art.n dircd to the Jo'orehtn Trrhnology Division (FTI'>l, ,,f the Air Force Systems Commnntl, Wrifthl·Pf\Ucrson Air Forfe Da$c. Ohin fCJ...cnr· wntt'r 3·71 tJ, ext 69216/66378). Thr pllrflo&o of thro cAII!I iA to report hiRh priorily findin~s. (Sc«' ,.cui on c. •

h. Tntlt~tiat~tion The tmmnander of the Air Force hase ncnrf'~l tho lo<'ntion of the rCJlorlt·d UFO 11i~hting will ton,Juct all investi~llti\'C M· tion nccc"nry to f.Uhmil a complete Initial reporl or n UFO Rightlnn. Tho initlnl investigation will inrludo l'VN)' effort to resolve tho 11ightlng. An Air Jt~oreo hnt~c other than that- elost'~t. to th~ sreno of n rcJ,Ottrrl UFO sighting will refer the .-ightmg inuncdi&tt'ly to the rommandcr or the nenrcst. Air Forrc hnsc for apJlrOJlriato 11rlion. (St'c r•arRgraph &.)

c. Anolu&i.t. Tht' Air Force Systems Commnnri Foml~tn Te<'hnology Dlvielon will ar.Rlyac nnd c 1alul\•.f':

(I) lnformntion nnd cvldcnec r<'JlOrtccl within tho Unit"'CI Stfttce after the lnvcstigC\ttn.s or the rct~J•onllihlc Air Force hnsl' nenrcst. tho eighting have c"hauatcd their c(t'nrts to irfcntily the UFO.

(2) lnformntion And cvld,mce tollectod in oventrn nrcns.

EXC(c;l•'riON: The AJo"SC (Jo'Tl>l, intlt'ptnd· rntly or an )lnrtirlpl\tion with JH'rtint"nl Air l•'orcc Rl'lh•itit'll, muy conduct tmy o'\l(ditlonnl itwtRiialltion" nl.'l'<'!i~nry to furthtr or tonchul<' ill' I\IIRI)'it':4 or 11 nfthlJt~ .

d. /o'imlitlp~. AJ•-::;c •I•'TD) willJlft'J,Rrc C\ liual n•port on eMh sh;hting nftcr collt'tlion nnd Rhfll· ysls of dntR, Rllfl will forwnrd R COJlY of lhl' l"l'• port to HQ USAF CAFCIN).

<'. l•tthlic Rtlotiona onrl ln/ormtatinn ,C)t,,irr.~. The Officf' of lnfnrmntion, Offic~ of th~ Scefl'l:.ry of the Air l<~orce, will be rcs1lon~ihlt' for rf'· lcft!lling mfonnnlion on 11ighlings, and, in coonli· nntion with AFSC (FTD). nnawcring corrc'­IIJlOndt'nr~ lrom the public regarding UFO'a. (Sre parn~mph11 7 nnd 8.)

· I. c,nort&&~oranl lnq••iriu. 1'hc Offiro of I.c~­illlRtiva J.iRil'nn will:

0) In coorr\inntiun with the Al·~G U:i'D) 1.1nd/or the Office o( lnformntion, when n•·ccs·

, sa!'X, nnawt'r nil congreuionnl ma\1 re~tnrdin~-t UI•O'e ndrlre86ed to tho ~~uetary of the' Air Fore~ Rnd HcRdquartera USAF.

2

(2) Forward tho~o inquirit's which arc sci· entllic and technical to tho FTD for informa· tlon on whieh to bl\10 a reply. The FTD will re·

•

-33-

tum thia informption to the Offiee of Ltgiala· Uve L;aison for reply to the Inquiry.

(3l PrOt('~S rt'qucsta rrom tOnrtrC'NiOnal aourc:ca in ac:rordanre with AFR 11-7.

R· Cooptmtion. All Air Force nrth·ilit's will tOOlltrAtc with Air lo'ortc UFO invc:sli,;l\ton to insure the cc:onomirnJ ond prompt 5UC:Ct'~ ol in• \'t'&liRRtiOnl' and An~lysca. \Vhrn ll'aaiblc, this tOOiltrntlon will include furnlahln~ air or ground transportation and other nsslstnn~c.

4. Gufdanee. The lhoroughnc11.1 nnd quali~y of a report or InvestigAtion of UFO's arc limited on1y by the skill nnd rcsourccfulnrss of the per· son who rctelvra the initial lnformotinn and/or ltr<'I'Arcs the l't'port. The usC'fulnrN nncl \'Riuc of nny report or lnvr•li~Rtlon df'pr.nd on thl' nt• c:urnev und thnolintN of ita ('nnttnts. fo'nllowinR 1\rt' ni•lli for 8etccnlng, <'ValuntinK, nml «port· ing sightinga:

n. Carelul11turly of tlw lo~tif'. ron!'liAttrecy, nnd cohertnc:o of the oh~crvcr's rc1t0rt. An intcrvh•w with tho obaervca· hy pcr•onnt'l ttrC'pnrinR the rc· port is cspct'ially valuoh)" in «trtl'nninlng tho eourco'a rcliRbilltv nnct th~ vnlidity of the In· formntlon Rivrn. · FRttor~ lir~il'F\'ing JIGrttculnr nttcntion are the ob~rv,r'a ago, Ol'tUflAUon, And education, and whothtr his occupntlon Involves observation rttJnrtlng or tcchnieal knowlttd~tf. A report atatlnil that a wltnt'~fl Ia completely fa· millnr with cortnin a1pccta or a 8ightin~t ahould indieAta his or her tpociftc qunJificCltiona. . h. ThMdolitc lnl'l\~nrcmt'nts or ('hRIIJtCj or aaimuth, nmt elevAtion nn!l 1\nJlUiar 11iao.

e. Interception, idtnlifirAtinn, ''' nir t;tnrth. If apJaroa1rh•tc and within t-hl' ~eoJIIl of nir dcfcneo regulntiona.

d. When feasible, ('nntnd with local nirerAft control nnd warning ( ACW) unit.&, and with pilo~ Rn•l erew11 of airr.rl\ft nloft. nt the timo anti place or ~tlt:hting. A IHO, conUlct wil h fthY other rcr11ons or OfJ!IlRi&&tions thl\l may hRVO fntlul\ dnta nn lh<' Ul-'0 M cnn ofTflr torroho· rnting twidl·ncf'-\'i~tu\1, dttlronir, or othrr. .

e. Cnnsultntiun wilh milltat\' or civtlinu Wfnthfr 'forP.cnatl'N for dnta on trAC'k5 flf WeRther bnllcutns relra••'CI in the arc•' j\Jtd nny IIIHI!IIll\l Jntteorolo~icnl AttivaLy whith wny hRvt. u henr. tnl; on ""' tjFO.

f. Cttnllultutifm \\'ille. naVIJ;I\lOill nnd n!\tronn· llll'1'6 in the urt1• to dctcrmin~ whcth~r nny B&· tronomical body or phcnomrnon would account lor the alghting. .

g. Cont.ac~ with rnllit.ary and civilian \()Wcr optraton, air operation• unite, anrl aii'Unea to

8

AFR 2()0-J

determine whether the eightlng could have bttn an aircraft. Loral unite of the Federal Aviation Agency I FAA) arc oftcp of aaaiatanca in ~hia rc"ard.

h. ContllC' wilh ftl'r60118 who may know or CXIlCtimcntal nircra(L of UIIUIUDI conrigura.lion, rotkrl nn•l guhltd miiJ!oiJC firings, or MriRI trsts in the n rl't\.

i. Contntt with photo~trnrhle unitll or ll\horn· torirl'. UsunUy, thrsc instnllntions have ~ti'Vrrnl cameras ft\'Ailnblc for s(ltci/\lilrd lntclliccnrc or lnvcatlgAtivc work. Photo&er"\'hy is nn lnvaluahlo tuol for usc, whert' ftOMiblc, n invcstigatin~ nnd annlyaing UFO aighlingt. (~ parn~traJlh 18).

;. Whcncvtr JlO&. .. ibJc, aelcc:lin" . as a UFO sh':htln~ ln\'C5tigntor '"' indivlt.Junl with 1\ ~cicn· tific or tcchnienl hnck~round na wdl KS CXJI~'· ricnr(' "" nn invr~tigntor.

k. Submission of rcporlll on nU sightin~tll C\'en tfaouRh idrnURcation ml\y he as.~mnoo hy tho

lncpArlntt offi"er 1mdr.r pRrn~rnph 16 ()f this r<'r.u· at ion.

S. Reporlln~e UFO lnformallon, Bollh the As· lli5tnnl Chief of :;taO', lntclligrm·•~. llrRd'l•uutrra liSA F, nnd th<' Air l>rf<'laKe Gommnnd have n dir<'rt 11nd immcdintc inl<'rl'r-t. in the fl\tts lt<'r• talnin(C to UFO'e reported \Vithin the Unitf'd Statca. All Air l•'ortC' octh•itit~ will contluet UFO lnveaUgl\tions to the extent netrMRty fnr their required r.cJ»>rting 1\Ctlon (sco pnragruph~ 14, 16, and 10). No nctivity t~huuld carry nn ira\'<'Sth~a· tlon hcvond thla pomt, male~ the prrpnrin~ olli· ccr hcllcvrtt the maRnitthlo (int.tolh~enr•• ~i'lnira. en nrc or puhllc rclation~e n~opetts• of 1 hr M~o wnrrnnt full 11cnlc lnvc~tlllntiolt, Th<' olficcr Ill:\(. eontnrt thu Jo'TU of 1\Jo~O (CJA!Rrwnt.tr 3·711 , ox~ 69216/66378) at \Vri~ht·P••ttcNon Air Forro Baso, Ohio, to obtain verbal authority for con· tinucd lnvcsligatlon.

SRCTION n .. Pltnf,J~ REl,ATlONS, INFORMATION, CONTACTS, AND

IU·;Ll•,,\SES

6. M~tfntnhnng Public: Rdlltlont~. 1'1m Oflic~ oi lnformnltou is tc'l!IIOII!Iihlt' for:

n. lfl roortlinnlton with the AFSC \ FTo·, wt.r.n r.~r .. 'SMry, mnint.,ining cnntBt.t. with '''" Jn•hlir unrl l.ho.• r•rrNS on ull ll!l\accla ot the til'l)

•anogl'l\m Ancl i•.• related ndh·it ca. '

b. RcltRainR in(ormntion on UFO sighting& anrl rraulu of invcatig"tiona.

c. Periodically rele~ing lnlormatlon on thla eultjeet. to t.he gontral public.

'

-34-

AFR 200-2

cl. }Jrort>ssing, nnswcrmg, and tnking action on rorrcsponrlcnco received IN?m the .gcncr.al pub· Jir, p<'rtnining to the puhhc relt\taons: antNcst, anti infonnntioMl nspcrts of the suhJcrt. (See JMrnnraph 8.) This office will forward corrc· ~'pomlcnre nnd queries which arc purely tcchni· cnl and scirntific to AFSC (FTD) for informa· tion on wllleh to ha~c a reply.

7. Relellslnf{ Information. Tho Office of lnfor· mMion, Office of the Secretary of the Air Force, will rclcnsc to tho public or unofficial JlCrsons or or~tanizntions nil information or releasee concern· in~t UFO's, rcgardleea of orhtin or nature. This inrlurlcs r<·pHu to correspondence (except con· ~rct-!'ionnl inquiries) euhmitt<'d direct to the AFSC (J<'TD) anrt other Air ~orce acUviti<'s by J•rh•ntc inrtivilluals requ<'sting comml'nt8 or rc­~;ul(., of nnnly~ea nnd investigation8 of sl~htlnge.

' 8, E:~ttCJltlona~ In response to local Inquiries rc· ~arding nny UFO reported in tho vtclnUy of an Air Jo'orcr base, the commander of the bnsc con· rt•rncd mnv rt'IMse information to the r.rcss or tht' gcnl'rnl public only niter posill,•e idrnUftra· 1 ion of t h<' sightln~ ns n familiRr or known oh· jrtt. Tht' rommandcr must excrrisc care not to r<'wal nny rln!lSiflcrt Mpecta of the sighting or ll/\lllNI of perFons mRking rt'Jlorts. (St'C Jlara~raph 17.) H th<' sil{t..mg is unexplainable or diffitult to identify, h<'cnnse of insufficient information or inronsistcmrirs, the only lltfttcmcnt to he releas~ is thr fact thnt thl' Ai~thtina is under investittR· tion nncl information regarding it will be avail· nhlc Rt n lntl'r d!lte. After completion of invcs· ti~tati\•e n<'tion, the commander may rtleuc the fn~t that the AFSC CFTD) wlll review and an· nlyze tht' rt'sults of the investigat,lon. He will th<'n rcfrr nn)' further inrtulries to the local Offirc of lnformntion.

9. R.-lt'oet~ hy Non·Air Fol't'e Sou nee. If news­mrn, writrrll, Jnthli11hrr~. or Jlrivnte incUvidunls ck~irc to rclcn,.: ur.offirinl information conrem· in~ a UJo'O ~<•.:bting, Air Force Bctivitics will mnk(' r\'Ct)' rffo;- ~ to M$\ITt' thnt the stalcml'nts, tlll'nrirs, opini~.u;, ancl all<'gntions of these indi· \'idu"ls O" group~ nrc not associated with or r<'pr<';;N• .('cl :ts nffirinl informRtion.

10. C.onlnrlll. Privl\lc inclh·lcluals or or~aniiR· t ion:s clc·~iring Air l-'orrc interviews, hrit'fings, lcctuws, or prh·atc rfist'IU!sions on UFO's will di· rert thrir rcC]Ul'Sh to tht' Oftitc of Information, Offirc of the Serrctnry o£ the Air J<•orec. Air Force l•"~onnt'l, other than those of the Oftiec of In· formntion, will not t'untnct 11rivate Individuate on UFO ('1\&Cll, nor will they discuq their oper· Ations and function~ with unRuthoriaed pel'l()na unlcq so directed, and then only on a "netd·to· knowtl basis.

SECTION C-PHEPARING AND SUBMITTING REPORTS

11. General lnformatlona

a. }JBraRrRJlhs 2 nnd 6 will serve as al~l~. •nd guifiancc to scrcenintts, investigations, ano rc· portlntts. Pnrngraph 14 contain• an outllno of tho reporting format. Activities iniUally receiving rcpo1ts of aerial objects and phenomena will screen the information to determine whether tht~ rcJlort conrcrns n valid UFO within the deftni· tion of paragraph lb. Reports not within that definition do not rtquiro further action under the provisions of this rt'gulation.

h. To assist acUviUt's and personnel rcepon· siblo for handlim~. screening, and processing in· itial, incoming UFO information, a summary follows of the general sources and types of re· ports:

(I) Gt'nt'rally, initial UFO rcport8 orig,nate from two sources:

(a) Ci\•ilian (airJinc, private, and pro­fessional pilots, tower operators, technical per­sonnel, caaual observen, Rnrl the public In gen­eral), by correspondcnrc, telephone or personal interview;

(b) Military units and personnel (pilot., ohscrvcn, rafiar operAtors, aircraft control and warning units. etc.), hy telephone, electrical mea· sage, or personal interview;

(2) Ot'nerally, UFO report.& received hom ch·illan sourct'S are of two types:

(a) 1'hoae referring strlcUr, to an ob· served UFO, containing either detailed or meager in(ormation i

(b) Those referrinR only in part to an oh!lervoo UFO, but primarUy requesting lnror· ml\tion on som<' aspect of the UFO pronram.

t. Reports conairlcrcd to fall )lfimarily In n 1mhlic rt'lationa or information scrvire category (sro paragraphs 7, 8, 9, and b(2) nbo\•c) nrc of primary interest to the Office of lnforml\tlon. UFO data sufficient for investigation and/or analysis may bl' «'Xtracted before referral to that office.

12. ~ltlhode for Tranamltllng Reporlat

a. Tog('tl&cr with nny ncre~nry 11crccnings nnd invcstigt\tions prepart\torv to rcJlOrtinJt, report all inrormRtinn on UF01s promptly. Ell'etrical trnnamlsalon with a .. Priority" precedcnee is au· thorh;cd for rcporta under 3 day8 from date of sighti11g. Eleetrit'ally trRnsrnitt~ report. over 3 daya uld should carry a "Routine" precedence.

b. Submit. written report.& of alghtin~ over 3 daya old on AF Form 112, 141ntelligcnce Report,"

•

-.35-

nnrl AF Form 112A, "Supplement to AF Form 112" (11cc parngra1lha 14 t\lld IS); however, keep the usc of thct~~c lonna to n minimum in reporting initial sighting&. The dclnye often involved in processing and trt\nsml\ting AJo' Form 112 through chAnnels may mo.ke followup inveaU· ~otions difficult.. producing only limited usable informAtion. This factor ie B nccceaary conald· crntion. Rcportinl by olcctrical means will cUm· inatc delaye. If rcque6ted by the AFSC (FTD), AF Form 112 will 1•rovitle a followup and/or romplcte report ~f all sighting& initially report«~ cl,•etrically.

13. Where To Submit Reportta

a. Rlu:ritnl Rtportt. 8ubmit multiple ad· dres.'lt'd ('lcctrical reports to:

(I) Air Defense Command, I~nt AFB, Colo· rado

(2) Neart'st Air Division (Defense) (For Unitrd StBtes only)

(3) Air Force Systems Command, ForeiRO Te<'hnology Divieion, Wright-Patteraon AFB, Ohio

(4) Jleadquartere. USAF CAFCIN), Wash 2oDC

(M f)ct'rctary of th<' Alr Force (SAFOI), Wash 26 DC

b. lVritltn Rtport. mnsic letters and AF J.'orm 112):

(I) Ba.•ic l~t!tltr.,. Suhmit "" ll'tter reports direct to thr AFSC U'TD). The Afo'SC fFTD} will di~tributr the r('ports to interested Jntelll· ~rnrc nc! i\•iti('1' ira the Unit<'d Stales nnd to the Ollict• ol lnformo.tion, if necessary.

l'l) AF Form Ill. Subrnit originl\1 report, n~ pit·~crilK'd in "lntelli~enco Collection lnstrue· lion t I(' I),'' .June 19.~4. rlirecl to IIQ USAF lAFCI:"·H \\'a~h 25 DC, nnd a coJ•Y to A}'SC tlo'TI>J.

C'. Rl'porl!i. frnm rir•ilinn.~. Where pos!lihl<', ncl· .. ,,,. ·~•\•ilihn ~oour"''l' Cl'lltl•mph,ting r':portinR t'Ff)', to .~uhtnil the rq~o11·t, ft1r j•rctrf't'~;in~ nnct lfl'll•~lllll>-.-.it•ll, ltl th(• lll'ull'~l Air Furl'l' hnsl•.

I·J. flm•l•• Ht•porlhlfC Dolo ond Jo'nrmat. Show tlw nhhrc\'intion "VF\1" nt the hrginning of the 11'\l oi nil ~'l•·rt rit•nl r<"pnrh :uHI in the euhject <•i wr itt••n rC'ports. Inrhrd'• the required data In ull reports, in thr ordrr ~hown he low:

A. Dt&rriJJ/ itm of tlu~ Ob i•'l'tf a).

(1) ShllJII'.

(2) Siac compnrect til R known ohject (use

s

AFR 2GO-a

one of the following terme: Head of a pin, ~a, dime, nickel, quarter, hall do11ar\ ellver dollar, baseball, grapefruit, or baaketbal ) held ln the hand at about arm'• length.

(3) Color.

(4) Number. (6) Fonnation, if more than one.

(6) Any discernible featuree or '"'"'-a.ilt. (7) Tnil, trail, or exhauat, including alae of

eame compartd to ei1e of objeet(e).

(8) Sound; if hcnrd, describe sound. (9) Other pertinent or unusual featuree.

b. Dtun'ption of Courtt of Objtct(1):

(I) Wtrl\t first eRIIed the attention of ob· server fa) to the ohjcct(R)?

12) Angle or elevation and azimuth of ob· jcct(s) wht'n first observed.

(3) Angle or elevation and aaimuth of ob· jcct(s) upon disappearance.

(4) D('scription of flight path and maneu· vera of obj<'cUa).

(6) How did the objcct(s) dleappear? (In· stantancously to the North, etc.)

(0) How long (we") the objeet(s) visibl~? (Be t~pccific, 6 minutes, 1 hour, etc.)

c. M nnntr of Observation: (1) Usc one or any combinntion of the Col·

lowing it"ms: Grouml•\'isun11 alr-\'illuRI, ground· electronic, nir·clcctronic. ( lr clrctronir, 11pccify type ci radar.)

(2) Stnteml'nt ns to optiC'RI nld11 (telescopes, binoculars, etc.) used and dc!lcription thereof.

(3) If the eighting occurred while air·home, give tvpf\ of nircraft, irtcntiflcaUon number, alti· tude, hcadin~. 11peed, nn1l home &tt\tion.

d. Timt ami!Jalt of Sighting:

(II Zulu tirnf'·•t1tr gruuJt of ~>iRhling.

42) l.iJ,tht t'ontlitions. (Usc onr. of the follow· ing tt-rm11: Night, dRy, duwn, tlusk.l

t•. /.oration of Obur•~er(3}. Gh·c f'XBct l:\tl· tude nnrl lonnitmlc of each ohscn•cr, tmd/or gen~raphicol position. In ('lct.tri,:nl reports, give a po.~ition wilh reference to n known lnn1lmark nlso, amch ns ''2mi N ol Dcevillc"; "3mi SW ol Blue I.akc." Typographiral errors or 11garbling" often occur in cJectrieally tranemitted messages, making location plots difficult. or impoaaible.

I

-.36-

AFR 200-2

Example: 80 46N, 192 71\V for 39 46N, 102 21W.

(. ldcnta'fyinq /r,formation on Oburver(a):

(I) Ci\'ilinn-Name, nJ::t', mailing address, occupation, nnd estimate of reliability.

(2~ MiWnry-!liamc, grnllc, organization, duty 1 nntl rstimatc of rclil\bility.

g. Weather and Winda-Alo/1 Conditions at Time and Place of Siqhtinga:

{l) Ohset\'Cr(s, accoum of weather condi-. tions.

(2) Rcr1ort from ncnre11t A WS or U. S. WeRther Dur,•au Offirc of win1t dircrtion and \'Ciocity in degrees and knots nt surf arc, 61000', 10,000 1 16,000', 20,000', 30,000'. 60,000', nnd 80,000', if UVRiJnbJo.

(3) Ceiling.

(4) Visihnity.

(5) Amount of rloud cowr.

(6) Thunder11torm~ in nr<'n and quadrant in which locRtcd.

( 7) VNtieal trmpcmturc grnrlicr.t.

h. 11 ny otha llnll.t111ll ll~lit•il 11 m ronditiou, mrtcorolo~irul, nstronomirlll, or ntht'tWific, which might account for the sighting.

i. /r.t('rl'tJIIion M irftmlifitatinn (lrtion taken (Mlch nrtion is riuthoriZl'tl whcnc\'N f<'nHiblc, and in complirU\CC' with existing air dcfcn~c dirce· li\'t'!).

j. /,oralitm, npprorirnate altitwlr, atul qentrfJI dirrrliotr uf tli~ht of nny n ir I rnffir or balloon rclcnsl•s in tlil' IU't'l\ whirh mi~othl pO!-!)ibly 1u.•rount for the ~i~thtinr,.

k. l,o.~ition Iitle nnrl romrntnl~ of the prtpar­it~g o{fiur, inrhuling his prcliminnry analysit~ of the po~sihl<' rnuFe> of the si~htinnfs). (Sr(' pArR· Jtraph 16 )

I. f,'zi.~lt•,u·r of pl•u.\irnl rl'idrnu, surh 1\!'1 mn· tcrial!\ nnrl photo~rnpll~.

15. Nc-((ollvr or lnnpr•llrohll' Uulo, 1•:\'rn thou~h th<' lllllll"f(' elm•:; not prO\•irll', or Rll intcr\'icw,•r hns not nskrcl f<'lr srw<'ifir informntion, do notu~c the words "ruwuh·<''' or "unid<•ntificd" ht'forc cxhnustillA nlllof(irnllca,fs to ohtnin the informn· lion outlin<'d undtor fll\fllRrAI1h H Jo'or t'XRtnplc, informfllion on "'<'nlhcr conclitlon~ in the nrcR, ns requested in )ll\tn~raph 14.;, i11 ohlnlnablc lrom the locnl mililnry or ri\'ilinn wcathl'r facility. Usc the phra!!c .,not applicnhle \N/A)" only wh~n the question •locs not npply to tiH• rl\rtl~u· lar sighting under invr~tigalian.

Ill,,

16. Connut>nt11 of l•rcpnrln~ Officer. The pr~· p:ning offirrr will Ju.akt• a prcliminnry ~nnly.sas Rnd n commrnt on the p~f:.ibl" rnusr or ul~nht.y of the objl·~t h•• il' rcportinr., togrthcr w1th. a statement hUJlflOrting ht!\ rmnmcnt n.nd nnn~ys1s. lfc wiJi mnkc C\'t>rV effort to uhtam pertmcnt items of inform~ti~n nnrl to tl'~t nil po:'siulc lt'ads, clues, and h,YIJothcsr:. C(lnrNnin~ the identity or cxplan:,llon of thr si~hting. (Sec Jll\rR~rnph 5.) The pn·pnring c•ffirl'r who rcrrivt's the r<'JIOrt ir.iti;lllv is in n much hcttl•r po!>ilion to conduct au "ori-tht•·:-Jtol" t-llt\'<'Y or followup thnn suhsNl\ll'nt inve~>ti~ntivc (tcrsonnl'l nnd nnnlyst.>~, who mh)' hl' f11r rt'nl0\'('(1 from the nrcn, nnd who ml\r nrriw too lr.tt- to obtnin vital data or the miF~tn~ iniotnu\1 ioll nr.·cr~ary for finn conrlusion:-.

17. CIR"IIIfit-ntion. llfl not clnf'sify reports un· ll•Ss dntn rNj111'1't<'•l in pmn~-trnph 14 re11uirc classi· firntion. Cln!> .... ify rt•ports pmunrily to protect:

1\. Nnml'~ of sourrrs rcportinr. UFO's and otht'r principRh~ im'tll\•ccl, i/ M requt.drd by thr~c per&o'" or ronsitlerNI nrrruory;

b. lntrlli~;l"nrr. in\'t'!'ligntivt>, intcrt't'l1l, or ana· lytical methods or prorcdures;

c. TottCRtion of rnclnr nnd ott~t•r clll~l'ificcl bites, unit8, nnd cqulJtmcnt;

d. Jn(orrn:ttion on t'crtnin l)'PNI, rhMnt'tcri!i· til'81 Rncl C'RilBhiJitics of classified uirrraft, mill• sites, or drvic<'~ thfi.l mny be hwolv<'fl in the silthting.

18. Re1•or1lng Phyt~iNal J~\·lc1rnc.-. H<'port 11romptlv lhl' rxillt<'lu•c• of J•hytMnl r\·idcnt't' (plwtogrnphil' or mntt•rinli. ~IMk nil Jlhysicnl <'Vidcnrc forwnrclrd to tht' A1<'8C \1"1'0) for the attention of TD-E, AcriKI llhcnomcun Bmnrh.

a. PhotOQmphic: (I) Still Ph(IIO(Ifflplu;. Forwnrtl th<' r.<'~nth•<'

nrul t w l prints. Tit lc 1 llt' prints nnd t iw ur~l\th'l''>, or indicl\tc' thr f'IMf', tit11<', nnd dntc of th<' inri· dent.

(2) ,\(otimr l)idtm~.•. Ohtnin tlw oridnnl film. l•:xnmin,.. thf' film !ilrin i~~r nJ•p:~r•·ut ··ut~.

-clilt•tntinm, ohlitt'r:ll II>IIS. li" old••rl• f II I ill' 1"1'• Jlort I'OIIllllt'llt 'ln nny itrt ;~;rh, ~~:!·.-, parlit·ularly thosl' rrcf'h'c>tl from otb·r 111.111 orlit•Jal ~nHrc-•'·'·

(3) S~tpplrmrnlfJl l'llflii(Jrflllltir ln{Mnw­lioJI. ~t·gntivcs 11ncl print" 11i'h·n ar<' in~ulfidl'nt to provide! ccrtuin \'nlitl tlnta or tu 11crmit firm cnMiusion". (~N' A 1-·~1 2QO-U-n cb~~ificd •lr.cu­mcnt r<'C''i\'ing limitrd •li,.tritmtion.) lnfnrmntion tlll\t will nitl in plottiu~ or in ...... tirn:\linr, dis· tnncrs, RJipRrrnt Foiu nnrl 111\hll r oi uiljl'l't, r•roh· a hie \'t'locity, nnd fiiO\'f·mcntll inclt.!lr":

•

-37-

(a) 'J'ypc and make of camera, (b) TYpet focal length, and make of lena, (c) Brana and type of .film, {d) Shutter apeid used, (c) Lena openin1 used; tha~ ia, 41111 atop, (I) Filtera used, (J) Wae tripod or aolid atand uaed, (h) WM "pannlnl'' ueed, (i) Exad direction camera wae pointins

with relation to true north, and ita angle with rcaptet to the sround.

(f) Ollaer Camero Data. U eupplemental infonnation Ia unobtainable, tho minimum cam· era data required are the tr,pe of camera, and the amalleat and largeet .,, ' atop and ahutt.er­apeed readinga of the camera.

(6) Radar. Forward two eopiea of each atill· camera photographic print. Title radaneope photographic printl in accordance with AFR

BY Oaoa or THI Sr.cu:ruv or THE AIR FoRe&:

OrtJClAL:

R. J. PUGH Colontl, USAF Dirtctor of Adminutrotive &rvic~t

7

AFR 200-2

95-7. Claaally radarstope_photographa in accord· ance with Section XII, AFR 205-1, 10 June 1960.

NOTE: If poaaiblc develop photographic film before forwardinft. 1-fark any undeveloped film conspicuously to indicate this fact, to avoid de· atrucUon by exposure during examinations en route through mail channels to final addreNces.

b. Moteml. Each Air Force echelon rtcciving auapected or actual UFO material will aafeRUard it In a manner to prevent any defacing or altera­tions which might. reduce its value for intelli· gence examination and analysis.

o. Pltotoqropltt, Motion Pictur~•, and Ntgo­tiooa 8ubnnttcd b11lndividuat.. Indlviduala often submit photographic and motion plcLure ma­terial as part. of their UFO reporta. All oriRinal material auhmiltt'd will be returned to the indi· vidual after com~letlon of ncctssary studies, analyaea, Rnrt duplication by the Air Force.

CURTIS E. LeMAY Claicf of Staff

6 •· 1. ttnt11••• uoelllt "''U• out

•

U.S. AIR FORCE TECKHICAL IHPOIW~TIOH

Thit quutionnolrt hos b .. n prtper.d 10 that you CCM glvt tht U.S. Air Foret 01 much information 01 pouiblt concerning th. unidentified oerlal phtno~nenon that you ho\'t olttttvtd, Pltou try to ontwtr 01 mony quutlont oa you pouibly con, Tht lnforii'ICIUon thot you efvt will bt used fot rtltorch purpotu, Your noiM will Hf bt Ultd In connection with Of\)' ttottMtnte, conclutlona, or publications without your ptrmlulon, We ttlf,IUt this ,.,.entl lnforiMtiOft 10

that If It It c:l .. rned neeeuoty, w. moy Clfttoct yeu fot fvrthtr clttolls.

~------------~----CM~~----m.------~--------------------------------~----~ l. When did you Itt tht obltct? 2. Time of doy: ----

Hevt Mll'lvtu

{Circle Ont]: or P.M. Mtllth

·--------------~·~----------------·-------~---------------------------------·~--~ 3, Tlmt Zontz

{•:irclt OneJ: o. Eoatern b. Central c. Mountain cf, PocUic •• Otlttr

4. Where were you whtn you tow th. obJect?

Ntorut Pottel Atltlttn

{Citclt One]: o, Ooyllght Sovln~ b. Standard

------------------------CUr or Tewn $tttt tt C tVIIt~

5. How long wu obJect In tlf)lt? (TtMI DwetiM)

o, Ctrtoln b. Folrty ctrtoln

Htvn

c. Not vtry IUrt d, Ju1t a euu•

MIMMI Stctfl4e

5.1 How waa tl~ne In tl~t cltttrmlnecf? ----------------

5.2 Woa obltct In tight contlnuoutly?

6. 'Mlot woa the condition of the tfcy?

DAY o. Bright b. Cloucfy

Y••-

NIGHT o. Brlgl.t b. Cloucfy

No-

--------------------------------------------------------------------------~ 1, IF YOII taw the obltct during DAYLIGHT, whtrt woe the SUN located 01 you looked at the oatJect?

(Circle Cite): a, In front of you b. In bocll of ~ou Co To youtrl!ttt

d. To your left •· Ov•m•od 1. Don't rtmemNr

._·--~~-~--------~~~~~-~--~~----~~------~~~~~--~~------~--------~ 'OfrM Reproduc"d by Library ot Congress, Legislative Heferenoe Service fYD l'CT U 164 Thl• I•• ... ,.., .. •·• P'TD JU,Jvl tl, '""'•h le .... llle. May 1966

.. ~

' I

-39-

P•e• 2

r------------------------------------------------------------------~--------------------~

8.1 STARS (Cirtlt Ore); 8.2 MOO!~~ (Circle 0,.):

o. None o. Brl~t mOMIIght b. A few b. Dull lftOMiight c. Many c. No mof'nlight - pitch dorlr d. Don't r•'"•"''-·r d. Don't rememb.r

9. \\hot wert' the Wf'nthl!r :Of'ltfttiMs ot the time yCIU lOW tl.,. objtet?

CLOUDS (Circle 0·1fd:

o. Clear s\v b, Hoav

e. Scattered c loud• d, Thielr ot ht>ovy .:'wds

o, b. c. d. e.

Ory Fo~, ""'ist, or lig'lt "in

Modtr~tf" tlf heavy ro•" Snow Don'~ '"'Y""be' ------------------·---------------------

1 10. The object oooeort~d· ((iidt Ott~t):

o, Snluf tl. "' ct l!ilht b. Transparent e, Don't reme111b., c. Vooor

~-------------------------------------------------------------------------------~ 11. If it appeared oa o itcth•, was It brighter than the brlohte11t ttou? (Circle One):

a. Bright,., c. About the so""t b. Dllftmer d. Don't lcnow

11.1 Comport ~!fight,. .. ,. to so"',. comMon object:

12. The Ngttt of tl\e obi"'' were:

(Circle Ott,i: o. Fuur ot blurred b. L ,:,. · bti\llt star c. S.:o•r'v outlined d. 0:~,.'• rePNtMber

13. Old the object:

o, AOOfiOr tn liM~ Uill tit ft"Y h~? b. Suddenly toe('d u~ o.,tl rush nw~ty ot ony time? c. Br•olr uo into Ofttfl .., ewolode, d. Give ,.,, ,,..,.,,. •

•· Change br•tnt"""': f. Chonge aha~? O• Flaah or ftictr.r' h. OiaopJ~eor or.d r•ctp~Htet?

o. Other--------------

(Circle One for .ach queatlon)

y,., No Don't lcnow

""'' No Don't lcnow ..,,., No Don't lcnow v ... No DM't lcnow Yu No Don't lcnow y,., No Don't lcnow (,.. No Don't lcnow Yea No Oon't lcnow

-40-

, ... 3

14. Did the ob1ect disappear while you were wotchint It? If eo, how?

'

' ' -lS. Did the object MOYe behind eOtMthing ot ony u,., portlculorly o cloud?

(Circle Otte): Ye• No O.'t KMW. IF you MlwrM YES. tMn ~I -hot It mwed Nhlnd: _ ---··· ·-····

----- ----16. Did the object "'we In front of IOtMthlng at ony tiMe, particularly o cloud? I

(Circle O,.,.J: Yea No Don't Know. IF you answered YES, then tell whot

in front of: --··-· . _ .. - . -- ----··-

----------·-·--------"- ---- .. ~---------17. Tell in a lew wwds the following thing• abaut the ob~ct1

o. Sound --b. Color .

18. We wish to lcnow the angular aiae, Hold o motch stick ot arm'• lttngth In line with Q known obj-et ond note how much of the ob1ect Is covered by the head of the match, If you hod ,.,formed thl1 UJNtltnent at the time of the sighting, how much of tile object would hove beon covered by the Motch hood?

..

19. Dtow o plctuN thot will s!otow .. lhopo of tht .a.ttct tr •IMtt• LNol and lncluM '" v• tlletdl .,., Mtolla ol the olaioct thet you aow auch •• wino•• pretrualon1, etc., Mil oapMiolly •llhou1t troll a ., wpot troll1.

Ploce on cwrow beelcle the drowlna to ahow the diNctlon th• obitct woe mwlng.

-

-41-

, .... 20. Do you lhlnlc you con eathnott the tpMcl of tho ebioct?

(Circle OneJ Vet No

IF you answered YES, then whot speed would yov tttimatt? ------

21. Do you thlnlc you con estimate how for awoy frM you tht olttect wot?

{Cirtle One} Yu No

IF you onawered YES, then how for owoy would you toy It wot? --------

22. Where were you located when you aow the obltct? 23. Wttt you (Circle Ontl (t; irde One):

o. In tht butlntu aectltft of o city? o. Inside o building b. In tht rttldttttlol ttCIIM of o city? b. In o cor Co In open couneryalclt? c. Outdoou cl. Ntar on airfield? d. In on airplane (type) •• Flying ovtt o clly?

•• At ItO f. Flylnt over open country? f. Other 0• Othtr

2.C. IF yCX~ wert MOVING IN AN AUTOMOBILE ot ather vtltlclt ot tht tiMt, thtn co~t~Pittt tht followlnt .. tatiOf'ltl

24.1 Whot direction were you moving? (Circle Ontl

o, North c. Eolt •· South g. w ... b, Northeast d. Southtolt f, Southwest h. Nerthwttt

24.2 How foat wert you MOVIng? mllta per hour.

24.3 Old you atop ot ony thne 'While you were loolclnt ot the obltct?

{Circle Ontl Yea No

25. Did you obaervt the object through ony of tht followlnt?

o. Eytglautt VII No •• llnoculora v .. No b. Svn glouea Y•• No f, Ttltac.,. Vtt No c. Wlnclthfeld Ytt No fo Thtodolltt Y•• No d. Window olott v .. No h. Other

26. In order thot you con glvo ot cltor a plctutt 11 poulltlt of wfttt yeu tow, tlttcrlllt In yeur OWI'I wlf41 • tOMIHft

object ot objtctt whfch, wfttn ploctd up In tht 1lcy, woultf Ol¥1 tht ION o'peoronct at tht Mlttt which reu HW•

•

-42-

, ••• s

r----------------------------,----------------------------------------~----------., 27. In the followlno abtch, hnooln. that you ort ot tht point ahO'~tn. Plaet on 11A" on tht cvrvtd lint to ahow how

high tht object woa obovt the horla<~n (alcylint) when you llrar tow It, Ploct a "811 on the ICiiM cvrv-4 lin~ to ahow how high the object woe obovt the horiaon (alrylln.) whtn you /oat aow lt. Place on "A" on the compou when you first sow it. Ploct a "8'" on tht compou where )'Oil 1011 aow tht object.

eo•

28, Orow o picture thot will ahow the motion thot the obiect or obiecta mode, Ploct on "A" ot tht btgiMing of tht poth, o "B" ot the end of the path, ond ''"'" wny chonou In dlrt•ction dv,ing tht covree.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------~ 29. IF there woa MORE THAN ONE object, then how many were tht,.? ----------

Orow o picture of how they were orronoecl, and put on arrow to ahow the cllrtctlon that they wtre traveling.

I

j I

.___ ______ j

-4)-

~ .... 30. Hove you ever seen this, ., o simllor object ltefor•• If •• tl¥1 Htt • clottl n lteotlon,

------------·-·--- - ----------··-·--......._.._.-·---------·. 3\. Woa onyone else with you at the time you aow tht oltiect? (Circle One)

3\, t IF you answered YES, did th.y ••• tht ollltct t .. ? (Circle O~tt)

3\.2 Please llat their nomea and oddreuu:

32. PleOII olvt the followlna lnforiMtlon about yourlolfa

NAME -------------------------Lilt HIM

Yta

Y•• No

ADORE~------------------------ ---------·-·- --- ---------Stroot

TELEF'HONI NUMIIIt ------ ~0·--- SEX

tftdlcote any odcUtlonol lnforMOtlon obout youratlf, IMI'"'Irtt •nv t,ecltl t .. rltMt, which Mltht M "'tlnent.

33, When oftd to whom did you report that you hod 111n the object?

o., y,.,

•

I 3.C. Dote you coMpleted this quutionnoire: • I

-1.4-

o.,

P•e•7

v •• ,

· 3S. lnformotion which you fHI pertinent ond which It not oclequotely covered in the specific pointa of the Clueationnoire or o norrotlve e•plonotlon of your lighting.

-45-

APP~DIX C -- BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION

• Dr. Joseph Allen HYN&K. Ph.D. t.n astrophyslcs from the Untverslt7

of Chicar,o. Director of Dearborn Observatory, and Chairman of tho Department of Astronon,, Northvestern Universit7, Evanston, Illinois. Consultant to the Air Force since 1948 on the problem of Unidentlflod Flying Object phenomena •

• Dr. Donald Bovard ~ZEL. Ph.D~ in 'latr~ •. i;.Jsics from Princetv.·.

University. D1roetor of the Harvard Observatory and Professor or Astronc~, and Paine Professor of Practical Astronomr. Consultant to the .Air Force on UFO eases involving Sun Do~s and Pnrhelia.

• Dr~ Charles Pollard OLIVIER. Ph.D. in astronomJ from Vanderbilt

Un1vors1ty. Fo~orly Director of Flovor Observator,y and Pro­fessor, University of Ponnsylvania. President, American Meteor Society.

Edward J. RJPPBLT. (Deceased) Formerly head of Project Blue Book, Aerial Phenomena Branch, Foreign Technology Division, Air Force Systems Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio. Research engineer for Northrop Aircraft Company •

• Dr. Carl SAGAN. Ph. D. in astronomy anti astrophysics from the

Unlversit7 of Chicago. Dopartment of Astronomy, Harvard Univer­sity, and Smithsonian Astrophysical Observator,y, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Member of the panel on extraterrestt·ial life, U.S. Air force and National Research Council.

Lavrence J. TACK~. Formerly Lt. Col. USAF. Chief of Magazine and Book Branch, Office of Information, Office of Secretar,y of the Air Foree.

Jacques VALLEE. Born and educated in France. University degree in mathematics and astronomy. Consultant on NASA "Mars Map" project.

* Bio~trnphical rJnta t'rom j\norican r-:..,n oC Sctonce, etltted b)' Jacques CattelL Tempe, Al"h,na 1 Jnequ11s CnttP.ll Press, H'th edition, 1960. pp 1939, 21L2, J"Jn, J516.

-46-

A?FtlWIX D

11NID~TU'I€!> r'J.YWG ODJ~'!'S• St:LSCTgo olULlCGRAPil1

Davidscn Leon. Fl1i~~ soucarb; an analysis oi tho Air Force project blue book spocial report no. 11.. Wlt.h an apper.citx cons~sting of a photo~ortset. copy of tho ~~11 text of the Ai~ force project blue book spec.tal rflpcrt no. 14, dated l-:ay 5, 19:)5 e:-a.~ some of the im-­porta."it tabl~s end f11;..1ref. fron. t.hat report. White Plains, N. Y. 1 1?56. 8) p.

Hall, Richard H .. , ed. Tl1& UFO evidence (waidenti.ficJ fly11,g objects). Wnshingt.on1 D. c., Natior.al Investigatio~ Co~~itt.eo on Aerial ~honomena \NICAP), May 1964. 184 p.

Jung, Carl Gustav. J:'l:tirat~ sl'iucers, a mode1n rr.yth of things seen in the skies. New York, Harcourt, Brace, and Co., 19S9. 186 p.

Koyhoo, Donalri £award. rlying saucersc top socret. Now York, Putnam, 1960. 2S3 p ..

_____ • Tho flyi~p. sauc~r conspiracy. New York, Holt, 19;5. )15 p.

tl.enzel, Don.1ld. r"lylng sau~ers. Cambridge, ll4rvarrl University Press, 1953. )19 p.

¥4nzel, Donalrl and tyle o. Boyd. The world or flying saucers; a sci­ent.ific examtnation of' a major myth of the spRCe a,;e. Garden City, N. Y., Doubleday & Co., 1963. )02 p.

Michel, Alme, The truth about flyinn saucers. TrAnslated from the French by Pt.ul Solvf)r. Ne\l York, Criterion Socks, 1956. 255 p.

_. Flying suucors and tho str11ight-line mysteey. New York, Criterion Books, 1958. 2Al p.

tiJ.ller, l'o11x B. Flying saucers, fact ()r fiction? Twalve-yoar research of U.'F.O.'s in our skies revealod by the t'>p Mient.ist.s, astronor:ers, Airfor~e p~rsonnel and tectmicnl nbservers. Los Anp.eles, Trend Books, 1?~?. 128 p.

Project Blue 3ock. Special report no. 14 (analysis of reports of ~iden­tified aerial objects). Wright.~Pat~ersoao A1r Force Base, Ohio, Air 'l'ochnicai Ir.t·bllig~n~e Center, May 5. 1955. 3lb p.

Ruppelt, E. J. 'th& rt.port. or. '.L"l::.der.t~ fiaa fly1ns objects. Nov York Doubleday & Co •. !nc •• 19~o. ~lS p.

Sagan, CarL Unl.dent.\fi.ed flyira~ objects. Reprint~ fro~. tho enc:r~l~pedia Americona, copyr~eht 19o.). 9 p ..

Tacker, Lawrence J ~ Fly1ng saucors and tho U. S. ,Air Force. Princeton, N. J,, Van Nostrand, 1960. 164 p.

•

,.

.,

...

-47-

APfENDIX !! - 2

U. s. Concntt• lf2uA. QorpgJttea on Armgd Slrvioll• Unldentltled tlt­ing objects. Hearing b7 the Committee on Armed Services. 89th Cong,, 2nd sass., April 5, 1966. PP• ~991-6075.

U. S. DStpart;ent of DpCpnsp. O((iol oC pyblig InCongaUon. Air Force's 19-year studf oC unidentified flying objects. Washington, D. c., 1957. 4 p. (Fact sheet no. 108)-57).

U. S. Dtpartmpnt of the Air Forge. Otflgp of Publlg In(omat1on. U. S • .Ur Force aummarr or evel'lts and infomatlon concemlng the uniden­tified flying object program. Washington, D. c., 1954. Unpaged.

Vallee, Jacques. Anato~ oC a Phenomenon. Chicago, Illinois, Henry Regner)' Co., 1965. 210 P•