the leadership challenge in graduating students with disabilities it’s everybody’s business! joy...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Leadership Challenge in Graduating
Students with Disabilities
It’s Everybody’s Business!
Joy Eichelberger, Ed.D.Pennsylvania Training and Technical Assistance
Network
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Goals of the Session
Examine leadership qualities and behaviors required to meet the challenge of dropout prevention
Connect effective leadership principles and effective teaching principles to the tasks and challenges of graduating students with disabilities
Analyze existing program and service delivery models and develop strategic interventions to improve graduation rates for students with disabilities
Initiate a thoughtful examination of our will (commitment) to graduate students with disabilities.
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What We Know!
Complex Constructs Dropout Prevention
What: Definitions Why: Reasons Who: Program Focus How to Respond: Effective Strategies
Leadership Leader/follower studies Trait models Situational leadership Effective Leaders Contingency Models Non-leader Leadership
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What We Know
Drop out Prevention Complex Involves multiple agencies Defined in various ways
Event Status Cohort High school completion rate
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Who Leaves School
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Overall Latino
Green and Forster,
2003
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How Big Is the Problem?
In the 1999-2000, 29.4% of all students with disabilities in grades 9-12 dropped out of school.
Over 85,000 students with disabilities dropped out of school, enough to fill over 1,770 school buses
National Center for Education Statistics, 2002. Dropout Rates in the United States: 2000.
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Why is Dropout a Serious National Concern?
Students with Disabilities
Nationwide, dropout rates among students with disabilities for all categories of disability combined is approximately double that of general education peers.
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Why is Dropout a Serious National Concern?
Dropout rates vary substantially among the various categories of disability.
Students with emotional and behavior disorders [EBD (51.4%)]
Students with learning disabilities [LD (27.6%)]
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Why Students Leave School Student related
Absenteeism Tardiness Disciplinary
infractions Poor academic
achievement Substance abuse Pregnancy Legal issues Truancy Lack of motivation
School related Lack of academic
counseling Mismatch of
instructional methodology
Cultural insensitivity Suspension and
expulsion policies
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Why Students Leave School Community related
Low value on education Lack of social services and community support Lack of business partnership Lack of coordination with community-based
organizations
Family related Low economic status Lack of parental support High family mobility Non-English speaking family
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Effective Strategies1. Systemic Renewal
2. School-Community Collaboration
3. Safe Learning Environment
4. Family Engagement
5. Early Childhood Education
6. Early Literacy Development
7. Mentoring/Tutoring
8. Service-Learning
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Effective Strategies
9. Alternative Schooling
10.After-School Opportunities
11.Professional Development
12.Active Learning
13. Educational Technology
14. Individualized Instruction
15. Career and Technical Education (Dr. Larry Kortering)
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Lessons Learned
Dropping out is a process of disengagement that begins early and requires early intervention.
Dropout Prevention should focus on a “good outcome” and not simply preventing a bad outcome.
A focus on enhancing students’ connection with school and facilitating successful school performance is a promising approach for improving school completion
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Lessons Learned
Factors associated with dropping out of school are numerous and some cannot be easily altered to change the trajectory of dropout and school completion rates
Factors Can be categorized into two major types: Status Alterable
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Lessons Learned There is not one best program or
intervention.
Dropout issues must be considered in the context of other educational reforms (e.g., accountability, high academic standard, school restructuring) and not as an isolated appended program.*
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Lessons Learned
Students dropout for a variety of reasons
Attending to student perspectives about dropping out provides additional information to strengthen programs designed to help students with disabilities stay in school and graduate.
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What We Know
Effective Instruction! School-wide behavior supports (Dr. Gloria
Campbell Whatley and Dr. Cathy Kea)
Focus on adjusting school climate rather than changing students
Reading Instruction Progress Monitoring
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InstructionalDesign
Instructional Delivery
Effective Teaching
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2. Cue Set
3. Best Shot Mini
Lesson
4. Guided PracticeActivity Period
5. Independent Practice
6. Formative Assessment
7. Closure
8. Summative Assessment
Check for Understanding Teacher Questions Student Questions Partial Information Paraphrase
Active Participation See-Listen Talk-Write
Projected Enthusiasm for Learning
Instructional Design1. Identify the Learning
Using Knowledge Meaningfully Extend Knowledge Refine Knowledge
Integrate Knowledge Acquire Knowledge
“Know and Be Able To Do”
Hearing WordsLooking At PicturesLooking At An ExhibitWatching A DemonstrationParticipating In A Discussion
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Ten Effective Teaching PrinciplesTen Effective Teaching Principles
1. Engaged Time
2. Success Rate
3. Content Coverage/Opportunity to Learn
4. Grouping for Instruction
5. Scaffolded InstructionEllis, Worthington, et. al., 2001
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Ten Effective Teaching PrinciplesTen Effective Teaching Principles
6. Addressing Forms of Knowledge
7. Activating & Organizing Knowledge
8. Teaching Strategically
9. Making Instruction Explicit
10. Teaching Sameness in the Curriculum
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Engagement Time
Principle 1: Students learn more when they are engaged actively during an instructional task.
…time is an important instructional variable!!
Engaged Time Achievement
Engaged Time
Achievement
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Engagement Time
Three aspects of time that directly impact student learning:
1. time allocated for the activity
2. degree to which students are engaged during the allocated time
3. the rates of success the students experience while engaged in the activity
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Engagement Time
Academic Engaged Time
The amount of allocated time a student spends actively engaged in appropriate tasks that s/he can perform with a
high rate of success.
This is learning!!!
BTES
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Effective Leaders: What We Know
Challenge the process
Inspire a shared vision
Enable others to act
Model the way
Encourage the heart
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Effective Leaders
Believe that Schools are for Student Learning
Listen and Communicate
Are Proactive
Take Risks
Act on what they know (data-driven decision makers)
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Effective Leadership requires ….
1. Clear vision
2. Beliefs and mission (purpose)
3. Purpose &Priority - Commitment to the “Main Thing”
4. Goals (focus)
5. Connected Workscope Tasks / Strategic Alignment of goals, tasks, resources
6. Inter and intra community links
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1. Establishing Clear Vision
The role of Beliefs and Core Values
The effectiveness of school improvement strategies is tied to how well the strategies developed are tied to the values, beliefs and technical skills of educators…..
Newmann and Wehlage (1995)
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Vision: Compelling Features
Expresses belief in a future that is better than the present
Has a clear timeframe
Helps the community rise above daily worries
Elevates the community
Springs from core values and beliefs
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Vision: Compelling Features
Springs from core values and beliefs
Is clear and articulate
Is clear enough that all members can “find” themselves in it
Has the power to move people emotionally
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2. Beliefs
Fundamental Values
Ethical Code
Convictions*
William J. Cook, 1995.
Character
Heart and Soul
Moral Commitments
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Liberating and Limiting Beliefs
Life-liberating Beliefs All children are capable of
high achievement
You are not suppose to understand everything the first time around
Consistent effort is the main determinant of success
Life-limiting Beliefs Only a few and the bright can
achieve at high levels
Speed is what counts, faster is smarter
Inborn intelligence is the main determinant of success
Jon Saphier and D’Auria, 1993
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MISSION
Expression of Purpose and Function
Acknowledges Reality
Aspires to the Ideal
Reflects the Vision of the Leader
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3. Purpose and Priority
Defines The Main Thing
What we know about the main thing People have different perceptions about what the main
thing is People quit when the main thing gets fuzzy
Gets everyone on the same page
Monday Morning Leadership
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4. Goals
Specific targets that fulfill your purpose and set your direction
Lofty, challenging and reasonable
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5. Aligned/Connected Workscope
District’s Vision and Goals
School Reform Efforts
Professional Development
Community
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6. Community Links Business
Community Centers
Mental Health
Social Services
Higher Education
Worship Centers
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Aligned/Connected Workscope
Responsibilities and Tasks
Inter and Intra Office Connections
Goal Setting Long Term Short Term
Establishing Priorities
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Leaders…..
Create opportunities for connections
Foster collaborative environments
Facilitate shared decision making
STAND FOR SOMETHING
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Leaders….
Identify stakeholders and provide opportunities for stakeholders to establish common goals and interventions and evaluations systems
• Work on processes for members of the system to share information and create new information
Margaret Wheatley, Leadership for Change, 2001
Margaret Wheatley on “Leadership for Change”
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LEADERS….
ACT AS THE CONSCIENCE OF THE SYSTEM KEEPING ALL
STAKEHOLDERS FOCUSED ON IT’S INTENDED PURPOSE.
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Summary: What leaders do! Establish vision and
set direction Affirm and articulate
values Motivate Achieve unity Model Build Trust
Listen and explain Represent the
organization Come early, stay late Involve others in
decision making Communicate,
communicate and communicate
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What We Do
Implement splinter or isolated programs Tutoring Pregnancy
Ignore the impact of general education curriculum
Minimize the power of relationship and connectedness People Organizational structures
Inter and intra
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The Challenge Focus on Student Achievement
Meeting the Mandates
Changing Mindsets
Multiplicity of Tasks
Broad Constituencies
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The Challenge
Transforming what we know into what we do (research to practice)
Bridging the gap between what we know and what we do
Getting in touch with what we believe and trust
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The Challenge
Applying principles of effective leadership to the drop out prevention issue
Developing a comprehensive plan to address drop out prevention with a focus on effective instruction
Committing Our Will!
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THE OPPORTUNITIES
Improving Student Achievement Meeting Educational Requirements Sharing Responsibility Across
Constituencies Visioning for All Students Reculturing Vs Restructuring Expanding Student Opportunities Safer Communities
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Why We Do What We Do
Comfort Lack of Resources Lack of Will
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Strategic PlanningAlignment of GoalsInstructional Implementation Integrity
AccountabilityCollective Will
Off the Dime!
Moving from where we are to where we need to be!
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THE FRAMEWORK…
Beliefs and Mission
Sup
port
ing
Stru
ctur
es
Policies and Procedures
Governance and S
tructure
Dropout PreventionDropout Prevention
Profe
ssion
al
Learn
ing
Profe
ssion
al
Learn
ing
AssessmentAssessment
Technology
Technology
CurriculumCurriculum
Standar
ds
Instruction
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Beliefs and Mission
1. Reflects commitment to graduating students with disabilities
2. Commitment to graduating students with disabilities is written and articulated throughout the district
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Governance and Structure
Organizational Infrastructure Authority for Schools Authority for Special Education
Supports, Services and Programs Administrative Responsibility for
Personnel Fiscal Responsibility Special Education Provider(s)
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Policy and Procedures:
Connecting Pieces of Puzzle
IDEA and Carl Perkins
NCLB
Title I and
II
Drop out Prevention
State and Local Policy
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SUPPORT STRUCTURES
•Family Partnerships•Community Linkages
Mental HealthHigher EducationCorporate and Business
•Professional Learning•Other Community Agencies
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5510/22/2004 23
THE FRAMEWORK…
Beliefs and Mission
Sup
port
ing
Stru
ctur
es
Policies and Procedures
Governance and S
tructure
Dropout PreventionDropout Prevention
Profe
ssion
al
Learn
ing
Profe
ssion
al
Learn
ing
AssessmentAssessment
Technology
Technology
CurriculumCurriculum
Standar
ds
Instruction
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A Question of Will!!
Can we pull this off?
Do we have the will to change the destiny of students with disabilities?
Do we trust that we really know what we’re doing?
Do we feel empowered to turn the course around?
Do we feel accountable for the outcomes of student at risk for leaving school prior to graduation?
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Can we pull this off?
1. TRUST that at least 9 out of every 10 students will be achieving at or above academic proficiency levels?
2. Accept RESPONSIBILITY for ensuring that at least 9 out of every 10 students are achieving at/above state proficiency standards?
To what extent do you yourself:
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Can we pull this off?
To what extent do you yourself:3. Accept accountability for ensuring that 9 out
of 10 students achieving at/above state proficiency standards by the end of 2014?
4. Feel empowered to act in a way to influence the success of the students and the system you work for?
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Are We Willing?