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The Law of Inertia

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Page 1: The Law of Inertia. Objects at rest remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by

The Law of Inertia

Page 2: The Law of Inertia. Objects at rest remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by

•Objects at rest remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force.

•Objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by an outside force.

What causes the tire to stop rolling?

Page 3: The Law of Inertia. Objects at rest remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by

Inertia is dependent on mass.

The larger the mass, the more inertia it has.

I’m not moving till you explain this report

card!

Page 4: The Law of Inertia. Objects at rest remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by

A force is a push or pull.

Forces can change the motion of an object.

Page 5: The Law of Inertia. Objects at rest remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by

Force is measured in Newtons. (appropriately named!)

One Newton = the amount of force needed to accelerate 1 kilogram by 1 meter per second squared.

1 kg a = 1 m/s2

Page 6: The Law of Inertia. Objects at rest remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by

Weight – is a force.

It is the force of gravity acting on an object’s mass.

Weight (in newtons) = mass x acceleration due to gravity.

example: 1 kg x 9.8 m/s2= 9.8 Newtons

Calculate your weight in Newtons!

Page 7: The Law of Inertia. Objects at rest remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by

Friction – is a force caused by objects touching that opposes motion, but is necessary.

Friction helps go forward and stop

Friction helps us stand

Friction helpsus walk and run

Page 8: The Law of Inertia. Objects at rest remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by

Force is a vector quantity.

100 Newtons

The length of the arrow shows the strength of the force.The direction shows the direction that the force is applied.

Force vectors are added and subtracted just as velocity vectors are…

The sum of the force vectors (the resultant) is calledthe net force.

Page 9: The Law of Inertia. Objects at rest remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by

If the net force is zero, there is no movement. The system is at equilibrium. = The forces are balanced.

An unbalanced force results in movement in the direction of the larger force.

Page 10: The Law of Inertia. Objects at rest remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by

Consider the forces on this box:

Fw = weight of the box

Fn = Normal force (always acts perpendicular to the surface)

Page 11: The Law of Inertia. Objects at rest remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by

If the box has a force applied to it, there are two additional forces.

Fw = weight of the box

Fn = Normal force (always acts perpendicular to the surface)

Fa = Applied force

Ff = Friction force

Page 12: The Law of Inertia. Objects at rest remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by

Coefficient of Friction Each combination of surfaces that come in contact with

each other have their own value for friction. This is called the coefficient of friction.

The coefficient of friction () can be calculated by:

= Ff Fn

Page 13: The Law of Inertia. Objects at rest remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by

Example problem involving friction:

The box is placed on a smooth wooden table. A force of 14 Nis necessary to to keep the box moving at a constant velocity. If the box has a weight of 40 N…

1. Draw the forces effecting the box. 2. What is the coefficient of friction?

Page 14: The Law of Inertia. Objects at rest remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by

This 52 N saucer sled is pulled across a cement sidewalk with a force of 18 N.

What is the coefficient of friction betweenthe sled and the sidewalk?

Page 15: The Law of Inertia. Objects at rest remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by

The 52 N saucer sled is now placed on snow and a 450 N boy sits on it. The coefficient of friction for the snow and

metal sled is 0.012.

What force is necessary to pull the sled at constant speed?(Hint: the applied force is equal, but opposite direction to the

force of friction.)

Page 16: The Law of Inertia. Objects at rest remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by
Page 17: The Law of Inertia. Objects at rest remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by

Newton’s second law explains the relationshipbetween the net force on an object, it’s massand the acceleration that results from the force:

Page 18: The Law of Inertia. Objects at rest remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by

Let’s look at the relationships:

If mass is constant, the larger the force on an object, the faster the objects accelerates.

Large force = mass x large acceleration

Small force = mass x small acceleration

This is a direct proportion.

Page 19: The Law of Inertia. Objects at rest remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by

force = small mass x large acceleration

force = large mass x small acceleration

Let’s look at the relationships:

If the force is constant, the larger the mass of an object, the

slower the object accelerates.

This is an indirect or inverse proportion.

Page 20: The Law of Inertia. Objects at rest remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by

Let’s look at the relationships:

If the acceleration is constant, the larger the mass of an object,

the stronger the force must be to change the motion.

small force = small mass x acceleration

large force = large mass x acceleration

This is a direct proportion.

Page 21: The Law of Inertia. Objects at rest remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by

Solving problems related to Newton’s second law:

The basic equation is:

Force = mass x acceleration

or F = ma

a = f / m m = f / a

Try this:

Rearrange the variables so that you can solve for

acceleration or mass.

Page 22: The Law of Inertia. Objects at rest remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by

For Practice:

Example 1

How much force must a 30,000 kg jet plane develop in orderto achieve an acceleration of 1.5 m/s/s?

Page 23: The Law of Inertia. Objects at rest remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by

Example 2

What acceleration is produced by a force of 500 N appliedto a 1000 kg car?

Page 24: The Law of Inertia. Objects at rest remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. Objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by

Example 3

If a grocery cart is pushed with a force of 75 N, and the cart accelerates from rest at a rate of 1.5 m/s/s, what is the mass of the cart?

What is the weight of the cart?


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