the laurier era foreign policy 1896-1911. canada profile – 1896-1911 becomes a nation in 1867 ...
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Population – Turn of the Century Rural – mostly farmers, fishers, loggers, construction workers Social activity – baseball / hockey games, church socials Local travel – horse and buggy Long-distance travel – train Few / no carsTRANSCRIPT
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The Laurier EraForeign Policy 1896-1911
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Canada Profile – 1896-1911 Becomes a nation in
1867
Population in 1900 is approx. 5million
Today it is approx. 33 million
Population mostly French Catholic and English Protestant
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Population – Turn of the Century Rural – mostly farmers,
fishers, loggers, construction workers
Social activity – baseball / hockey games, church socials
Local travel – horse and buggy
Long-distance travel – train
Few / no cars
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Settling the West New minister of the
interior – Clifford Sifton. Looked for immigrants that would have what it takes to be a ‘Canadian farmer’
Many immigrants came from central and eastern Europe
Free land Freedom of religion
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Settling the West Doukhobors – Religious Group / Russia
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Settling the West Immigrants coming
to Canada Small homestead
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Canadian Immigration
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Canadian Natural Resources Timber
1. construction2. pulp and paper
Minerals: copper, iron, nickel
Last Spike, 1885
Trains – linked Canada coast to coast
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Cities 1900’s Cities growing
- factories- jobs
Divide between the rich and poor grew
- factory owners got rich- lived in big houses
- Factory workers were poorly paid – lived in slums
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French English Relations 1867- French Canadian
Majority
1900 – English Canadian Majority. Most new immigrants strongly connected to Britain and her empire
Great sense of British Nationalism
French Canadians feel threatened by British majority –especially in politics
Canadian Flag 1867
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French English Relations Sir Wilfrid Laurier P.M. 1996-1911 Canada’s first French
Canadian Prime Minister The “Great Compromiser“
How do you please your French Canadian supporters while also pleasing the English Canadian majority?
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Wilfrid Laurier - French English Relations
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The British Empire
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Issue #1 The Boer War 1899
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Issue #1 The Boer War 1899
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Issue #1 The Boer War 1899 British are fighting the Dutch Afrikaners over South Africa –
diamonds and gold
British turn to their empire, and ask Canada to support them
Canada divided: French Canadians – say noEnglish Canadians – say yes
Sir Wilfrid Laurier compromises: Sends only volunteers
Significance: 1. Shows how French and English Canada is divided
2. Shows Canada’s strong ties to Britain and Empire3. Foreshadows Canada’s involvement in WW1
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Issue #2 The Naval Crisis 1910
Britain is in an arms race with Germany (battleships –dreadnoughts)
Britain turns to her empire and asks Canada to send $$$ for more ships
Canada divided: French Canadians – say noEnglish Canadians – say yes
Sir Wilfrid Laurier compromises: Establishes Canada’s own tin-pot navy.
Significance: 1. Shows how French and English Canada is divided2. Shows Canada’s strong ties to Britain and Empire3. Laurier looses the 1911 to Sir Robert Borden and his Conservatives.
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Issue #2 The Naval Crisis 1910Dreadnought
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Issue #3 Reciprocity – Free Trade with the U.S. 1911
Example 1 Free TradeCanadian Made StoveCost: $15Tax: $0Total $15
National PolicyAmerican Made StoveCost: $12Tax: $5Total $17
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Issue #3 Reciprocity – Free Trade with the U.S. 1911
Example 2 National PolicyCanadian Grown WheatCost: $ 2 bushelTax: $ .50Total $ 2.50
Free Trade Canadian Grown WheatCost: $ 2 bushelTax: $ 0Total $ 2
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Issue #3 Reciprocity – Free Trade with the U.S. 1911
The U.S. wants to tax-free import Canadian raw materials – lumber/wheat/minerals
Canada’s West supports this – they make money by exporting their raw materials to the U.S. tax-free, and save money by importing U.S. made manufactured goods tax-free.
Ontario business men (factory owners) want to keep taxes on American made goods and Canadian raw materials to protect their own industries. (keep their products competitive.
Sir Wilfrid Laurier calls an election – Key issue – Reciprocity.
Significance 1. Laurier looses the election – Reciprocity it rejected, National Policy continues.2. Canada’s western provinces feel marginalized – left out. They resent all the power being concentrated in Ontario.3. Foreshadows our reliance our economic relationship with the United States.
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1911 Election Canada elects the
Conservatives and Sir Robert Borden as their Prime Minister
Sir Robert Borden will lead Canada through WW1