Types of bilingual presentation: The Latin-English Terence

Demmy Verbeke

Bilingual Europe: Latin and vernacular cultures ca. 1300-1800Amsterdam, 17-19 September 2009

1) interlinear translation

2) vernacular text interrupted by Latin text sections (whereby the Latin language is employed for specific tasks only)

3) source text and translation printed in two columns

4) Latin text, followed by translation in the vernacular, followed by commentary in the vernacular

5) summary in the vernacular, followed by Latin text, followed by Latin commentary

6) printed Latin text and commentary with a handwritten vernacular version on the facing page

Nikolaus Henkel, ‘Printed school texts: types of bilingual presentation in incunabula’, Renaissance Studies, 9 (1995), 212-227

English translations of Terence

Vulgaria quedam abs Terencio in Anglicam linguam traducta (Oxford, 1483) – translator unknown (John Anwykyll?).

Reprinted in London (c.1483, c.1485, c.1505) and Antwerp (1486).

Revised reprint in London (c.1510, 1529).

Floures for Latin spekynge selected and gathered oute of Terence (London, 1533/4) – trad. Nicholas Udall.

Reprinted in London (1538, 1544, 1560, 1568, 1572).

Revised and expanded edition with an additional collection by John Higgins printed in London (1575, 1581).

English translations of Terence (continued)

Terens in englysh (Paris, c.1520) – in fact only a translation of Andria; translator unknown (J. Rastell?).

Andria the first comoedie of Terence in English (London, 1588) – trad. Maurice Kyffin.

Terence in English (Cambridge, 1598) – trad. Richard Bernard.Reprinted in London (1607, 1614, 1629, 1641).

The two first comedies of Terence called Andria, and the Eunuch (London, 1627) – trad. Thomas Newman.

The first comedy of Pub. Terentius, called Andria (London, 1629) – trad. Joseph Webbe.

The second comedie of Pub. Terentius, called Eunuchus (London, 1629) – trad. Joseph Webbe.Reprinted in London (1629).

Vulgaria quedam abs Terencio in Anglicam linguam traducta

[Oxford, 1483]

Compiled by John Anwykyll?

Vulgaria quedam abs Terencio in Anglicam linguam traducta (1483)

Vulgaria quedam collecta, et in Anglicam linguam traducta (1529)

Different types of interlinear presentation

Die tail der rede wie vil seind acht

Partes orationis quot sunt OctoDonatus, Ars minor (Augsburg, 1481)

What faute fyndest thou in hym

Quid culpe in illo reperisVulgaria quaedam ex Terentio (Oxford, 1483)

Floures for Latine spekynge selected and gathered oute of Terence … compiled by Nicolas Vdall (London: Thomas Berthelet, 1533 [i.e. 1534])

Terens in englysh

[Paris, ca. 1520]

Terence in English

(Cambridge, 1598)

Annotated text

Translation

The first comedy of Pub. Terentius, called Andria … after the method of Dr. Webbe

(London, 1629)

1. Interlinear (meaning-for-meaning)

2. Latin text, English translation, Latin commentary

3. English translation in the centre of the page, Latin source text in margin

4. Latin text, Latin morales expositiones, English translation, bilingual formulae loquendi, Latin sententiae

5. Latin and English parsed in parallel columns according to a clausulary method