the last west and the new south 1865-1900 daniel acosta zamir borja helen cai
TRANSCRIPT
The Last West and the New South
1865-1900
Daniel AcostaZamir BorjaHelen Cai
The West-Settlement of
In the 1800s “Great
American Desert”
Arid Land Great Herds of
Buffalo Native
Americans
the Last FrontierBy the 1900s
Modernized 10 New States Endangered Buffalo Depleted Native
American Population and Culture
Pioneers: Miners, Cattlemen & Cowboys, Farmers
Land Between The Mississippi & The Pacific
The Mining Frontier
The West-Settlement of
the Last FrontierDiscovery of Gold Steady Migration of Prospectors Boomtowns Immigration Increased
Miner’s Tax Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
Resolved Currency Crisis Native Americans Lost Land
The Cattle Frontier
The West-Settlement of
the Last Frontier Free, Wild Herds of Cattle Construction of Railroads
Cow Towns Were Established Eased Cattle Transportation Overgrazing
Winter Blizzard and Drought
Homesteaders Huge Ranches Beef Dominated
American Diets Legend of the Cowboy
Effects
Homestead Act of 1862 160 Acres of Free Land to
Encourage Farming on Great Plains
Best Land Went to Railroad Co. and Speculators
The West-Settlement of
the Last FrontierThe Farming Frontier
Invention of Barbed Wire & Mail-Order Windmills Drilled Deep Wells Helped
Severe Weather, Falling Crops Prices, and Rising Cost of New Machinery Ruined Many
“Dry Farming”, Deep-Plowing, Dams and Irrigation Saved Many
Turner’s Frontier Thesis End of Frontier with the
Settlement of Oklahoma Territory
Frederick Jackson Turner wrote “The Significance of the Frontier in American History” Frontier Promoted
Independence, Individualism, and Broke Down Social Divisions
Feared the end of Fresh Land Would Lead to Conflicts Similar to Europe
The West-Settlement of
the Last FrontierThe Farming Frontier
The Frontier was the Native American Homeland
Increased Settlement led to Removal and Loss of Freedom
Misunderstanding between U.S. govt and Plains Indians’ Lifestyle
The West-Settlement of
the Last FrontierRemoval of Native Americans
Reservationist Policy President Andrew
Jackson Removed Eastern Native Americans to Lands West of the Mississippi
Broken as Transcontinental Railroad was Planned, Wagons increased, and Reservations were Increasingly Assigned
Plains Tribes Refused to Cooperate
The West-Settlement of
the Last FrontierRemoval of Native Americans
Indian Wars Increased Migration of
Miners, Cattlemen, and Homesteaders
Fighting Broke Out Between Indians and U.S. Troops Sioux Wars Sand Creek, CO Little Big Horn
Treaties Made and Broken
Most of Buffalo Slaughtered
Assimilationists Helen Hunt Jackson, A
Century of Dishonor Emphasized Education,
Training and Conversion to Chritianity Carlisle School
The West-Settlement of
the Last FrontierRemoval of Native Americans
Dawes Severalty Act (1887) Divided Tribal Lands into
Plots of 160 Acres or Less per Family
25 Years or More Led to Citizenship
Best Land Sold Disease and Poverty
Ravaged Population
Ghost Dance Final Effort to
Drive Whites from Ancestral Lands
U.S. Govt Suppressed Movement Wounded Knee Sitting Bull
The West-Settlement of
the Last FrontierRemoval of Native Americans
U.S. Policy in 20th Century
1924- Grated U.S. Citizenship to All Native Americans
Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 Promoted
Reestablishment of Tribal Organization and Culture
The New South South was continuing to
recover from the devastating Civil War
Some had the vision of a self-sufficient Southern economy
Henry Grady, a newspaper writer began to write articles for economic diversity, and laissez-faire capitalism
The New South: Economic Progress
Prospering Southern Cities- Memphis, Tennessee Richmond, Virginia
South overtaking New England in Textile Industry and cotton because of cheap labor
Railroads helped in postwar growth in the South
The New South: Continued Poverty South was a poor,
agricultural area Economy was
dominated by the North
Most southerners were farmers, making it difficult for them to make a good living
The poverty of the majority was caused by two main factors: The South’s late start at
Industrialization A Poorly Educated
Workforce Failed to invest in
technical and engineering schools unlike the North
The New South: Agriculture “Cotton is King” However, some tried
to diversify the crops instead of staying on cotton George Washington
Carver Organizations were made to start political reforms to solve the farmers’ economic problems Farmers’ Southern Alliance Colored Farmers’ National
Alliance
The New South: Segregation Discrimination and the
Supreme Court- Civil Rights Cases of
1883 Plessy v. Ferguson
(1896) “Separate But Equal
Accommodations” Jim Crow Laws
Segregated Facilities for Balcks and Whites
The New South: Responding to Segregation
Bishop Henry Turner International Migration
Society Ida B. Wells
Fighting against lynching and the Jim Crow laws
Had to move to the North
Free Speech
The New South: Responding to Segregation
Booker T. Washington National Negro Business
League Teaching African
Americans skilled trades, the virtues of hard work and economic self help
WEB Du Bois Demanded an end to
segregation and the granting of equal rights civil rights to all Americans
Farm Problems: North, South, and West
Changes in Agriculture Falling Prices Rising Costs
Important Supreme Court Cases:
Munn vs. Illinois (1877): The Supreme Court upheld the right of a state to regulate businesses of a public nature, such as railroads.
Wabash vs. Illinois (1886): Individual states could not regulate interstate commerce. This decision nullified many of the state regulations achieved by the Grangers.
Farm Problems: North, South, and West
Oliver H. Kelley
Farm Problems: North, South, and West
Important Acts of Congress: Interstate Commerce Act (1886): It
required that railroad rates be “reasonable and just”. Also it setup the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), which was mainly useless for farmers and instead helped railroads.
Farm Problems: North, South, and West
The End!Don’t Worry, We’re More Than Halfway
Through Now People =]
Paul Says YAY!