the language of physics. acceleration= a a= (v f -v i )/t v f - final velocity, v i - initial...
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THE LANGUAGE
OF PHYSICS
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ACCELERATION= aa= (vf-vi)/t
vf- final velocity, vi- initial velocity
UNITS ARE m/s2
CONSTANT a
NEGATIVEa
POSITIVEa
a
tCONSTANT
V
a
t
a
t
a
t
CHANGE SPEED OR DIRECTION
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VELOCITY= v
v= d/t= units are m/s
CONSTANT a
NEGATIVEa
POSITIVEa
v
tCONSTANT
V
v
t
v
t
v
t
SPEED AND DIRECTION
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DISTANCE- dHow far you have traveled
Measured in m, km, miles, cm
CONSTANT a
NEGATIVEa
POSITIVEa
d
tCONSTANT
V
d
t
d
t
d
t
DISPLACEMENT- distance from starting point.
d
tNot
Moving
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SCIENTIFIC METHOD
PROBLEM-What is the question to be studied
HYPOTHESISIf ____ is the answer then
the data will show _______ because.
CONCLUSIONHow the data relates to the hypothesis, does the trend match or not.
DATACharts and graphs used to identify a trend in the data
PROCEDUREHow you will prove your point. Be aware of safety.
QUESTIONBased on the data what would be the next logical question to study.
CONTROLS- What would happen if nothing was changed
VARIABLES- Things that Could alter the results
INDEPENDENT- Changed by the scientist (x axis)
DEPENDENT- The result of the change, what is measured. X axis
TESTABLE- Must be
GOOD SCIENCEIS REPEATABLE
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FREE FALLFalling object only being effected by
gravityvv= at
dv= vi + 1/2at2
AIR RESISTANCE- upward Force that reduces the effects of gravity in free fall
GRAVITY- down force created by the earth, causes acceleration in free fall
TERMINAL VELOCITY when air resistance has built up the ability to stop acceleration
g= 9.8 m/s2ACC caused by gravity ALWAYS
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KINEMATIC EQUATIONSUse Equation containing known and one unknown
variable to find
What I have- variables given in problem
What I need the question is asking for this variable in this unit
Formula- How will I use the known to solve for the unknown
d= vit + ½ at2
d= (vi + vf)/ 2 t
vf2= vi
2 + 2advf= vi + at
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RELATIVE MOTION• Motion based on the position (REFERENCE FRAME) of the observer.
SEES CAR AT 60 km/h and grandpa is
moving very slow
SEES CAR AT 49 km/h and runner at
11 km/h
SEES RUNNER AT 60 km/hr and grampa at
49 km/hr
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PROJECTILE MOTION• Horizontal Speed is Constant• Vertical Speed changes due to gravity• 45 degree angle is most efficient• 2 angles that equal 90 degrees produce
the same landing point• Launch angle is separated into vertical
and horizontal components
Vi =VfVi =Vf
vx= v*cos° (horizontal speed)vy= v*sin ° (vertical speed)dy (height)= ½*9.8*t2
dv (distance)= v*t
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LAW OF INERTIA• Newton’s First Law of Motion
• Inertia- the ability of an object to not be changed by force.• An object will remain at rest or in motion unless a force
(greater than its inertia) acts upon it.
Weight in Newton's (inertia)= Kilograms X 9.8 m/s2
22kg x 9.8 m/s2 = 215 N (inertia)
Conversions
10lbs x 2.2= 22Kg
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LAW OF ACCELERATION• 2nd Law of Motion• Once inertia is overcome the change in an object will be
proportional to the force applied to it• Motion occurs or changes when forces on an object become
unbalanced.
Force (N)= mass (Kg) x Acceleration (m/s2)
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LAW OF ACTION REACTION• Newton's 3rd law of motion.
• For every action force there is an EQUAL AND OPPOSITE reaction force.
• Example when two cars hit the force they experience is the same, but the car with less inertia tends to take more
damage and bounce off farther.
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WORK AND POWER• Work is the application of force which causes movement, if
there is no movement there is no work.• Power how quickly work can be done.
If mass is = than taller
Did more work.
If work is equal than faster has more power.
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ANGULAR MOTION
Theta is the symbol for angular distance, similar to meter for linear distance. It is the arc length/radius. The unit for distance is a radian
The term alpha means angular acceleration The units are rads/s2 similar to m/s2 in linear acceleration.
The term omega means angular speed. The units are rads/s similair to m/s in linear speed..
t t
if
Satellites stay in orbit using angular speed to fight the pull of gravity, the lower the orbit the faster the speed to stay balanced
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WORK AND POWERThe ability to move an object using force divided
by the time it takes to get it done.
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MOMENTUMForce created by the size and speed of the
object. Force you hit with.
Momentum is conserved meaning the total momentum in a collision does not change, the amount in each object does
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ENERGY
KE= 1/2mv2
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY means that the total energy in a closed system does not change, PE + KE always remains constant. MAX PE = MAX KE
Potential- position, Kinetic- motion
Unit= Joules