the knowledge of measurement - krohne (malaysia). in the rest of the world, where oil & gas...

The knowledge of measurement

Overview | Solutions | Metering | Measurement technology

Contents

3 Achieve more with KROHNE

4-5 Superior solutions for many application

6-11 Custody Transfer

12-17 KROHNE Liquid & Gas metering solutions

18-23 Pipelines

24-29 Loading / Offloading

30-33 Biofuels Industry

34-37 Tank Farm

38-39 Training Installation Commissioning Service (TICS)

40-41 Calibration at KROHNE

42 KROHNE-proved

Achieve more with KROHNE

KROHNE is an international leader in the development and production of innovative and reliable process measuring equipment and systems, offering solutions for all industries worldwide.

KROHNE was founded in 1921 in Duisburg and in 2007 had an annual turnover of almost 273 million Euros. It has a staff of over 2500. The company has 14 production facilities and owns 42 companies and joint ventures. KROHNE Oil & Gas is one of the most important members of KROHNE Group and has its head quarter in Breda (NL), very close to the biggest flow meter production and calibration facility of the KROHNE group in Dordrecht (NL). KROHNE Oil & Gas has important and dedicated facilities in Sheffield (UK), Sliedrecht (NL) and in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia). In the rest of the world, where Oil & Gas activities are significant, KROHNE Oil & Gas has offices with qualified and specialised people.

KROHNE is always a fair and reliable partner to its customers, business partners, and employees. As an innovator and technology leader we offer our customers optimal products and solutions, which will always satisfy or exceed their expectations in terms of quality, performance, service and design. Customer-orientation begins as early as the research and development phase. Many solutions, now considered as standard, were initially developed by KROHNE in cooperation with customers.

Here are some of the most important examples in the field of Oil & Gas measurement.

In 1978 KROHNE introduced the first Ultrasonic flowmeter, followed in the 1997 with the first multi-product custody transfer ultrasonic device for liquids, the ALTOSONIC V, a milestone for the Oil & Gas market.

In 1994 KROHNE launched the first single straight-tube mass flowmeter, which in 2005 alongside ultrasonics became the new standard for custody transfer measurement!

In 1995 the first TDR level and interface device and in 2003 the first 26 GHz loop-powered level radar meter, for liquids and powders. KROHNE once again focused its research and development into creating new technologies for solutions not only for the measuring device, but for specific industrial problems.

In 1995, the first E-RTTM leak detection and localisation system, in accordance API and Germany’s TFRL regulation was introduced. It is the most reliable controller of pipelines available.

The year 2000 brought the inauguration of the world’s largest and most accurate calibration rig in Dordrecht. KROHNE is the measurement expert. The products from our research and development are an example of high quality, good performance, reliability leading to good customer satisfaction.

4

Superior solutions for every application

Enormous quantities of oil and gas are transported daily across the world. Every day millions of barrels are sold and every day millions of people handle dangerous products and processes.

Only one thing is essential: “Everything must be under control!”

Accuracy in the measurement and safety in the procedures and processes require mature and foolproof technology with reliable and highly accurate instrumentation and measuring and control systems.

KROHNE has experience in:» Consultancy studies» Fiscal regulations and verification procedures imposed all over the world » Metering validations and proving technics» Periodical verification activities» Revamp projects

In house engineering, development, design and manufacturing of: » Fiscal & Custody Transfer meters » Fiscal & Custody Transfer metering systems for liquids, gas and condensate » Tailor- made Fiscal & Custody Transfer solutions

KROHNE Oil & Gas has unique expertise in the field of the Oil & Gas flow and level measurement.

KROHNE know how is seen not only in standard applications, but also, and particularly, in demanding applications that require tailor-made solutions.

Everything under control

5

» Exploration & Extraction

» Transfer

» Storage

» Blending & Refining

» Storage

» Transfer

From customer requirements and from the conceptual design… to start up, commissioning and periodical verification, KROHNE is your single source responsability

7

Custody transfer

Custody transfer means assurance for both parties! That necessitates meters and equipment with: » high accuracy» good repeatability» long term reliability» sealed systems to prevent unauthorised manipulation » no drift in the measurement » proven long term stability

New technologies without moving parts are performing far better than any other mechanical flow meter before. Periodical verifications are still done because the regulations demand them … even though the meter does not need them. There is no drift at all in the measurement!

Features such as bidirectional flow measurement, multiproduct capabilities, and a large dynamic range have become standard!

No less important are integrated diagnostic capabilities that exceed the expectations: a continuous monitoring of the status of the electronics, sensor performance and application conditions, such as water or air bubbles, produce a system that can give real-time signals and alarms and initiate prompt control of the metrological procedure.

When the drops cost...

8

KROHNE Custody Transfer Flow meters

ALTOSONIC OPTIFLUX OPTIMASS

Technical data

Accuracy Meter: ±0,15% of MVOIML R117 class 0,3: ±0,2% of MV

Meter: ±0,1% of MVOIML R117 class 0,3: ±0,2% of MV


Repeatibility Meter: ±0,04% of MVOIML R117 class 0,3: ±0,12% of MV



Outputs Pulse/frequency outputs(90° phased shifted)Function: actual flowOthers on request

Pulse/frequency outputs(90° phased shifted)Function: actual flowOthers on request

Pulse/frequency outputs(90° phased shifted)Function: actual flowOthers on request

Power Supply 230 – 110 V AC or 24 V DC 230 – 110 V AC or 24 V DC 230 – 110 V AC or 24 V DC

Sensor Material Stainless steel 316/316LCarbon steel/DuplexOther materials on request

Electrodes: SS/HC/TiLiners: PFA/PTFE/Ceramic/PPOther materials on request

Measuring tube: Stainless steel 318LTitanium alloy

Size From DN 50 (2”)up to DN 1000 (40”)

From DN 15 (1/2”)up to DN 3000 (120”)

From DN15 (1/2”)up to DN 250 (10”)

Process conditions

Flow rate max. Up to 28.400 m3/h Up to 100.000 m3/h Up to 1.200.000 Kg/h(Volume Flowrate = Mass flow rate dividet per density)

Process temperature -25…+180°C* -40…+180°C* 45…+130°C/150°C*Ambient temperature -50…+65°C* -40…+65°C* -40…+ 65°C*Process pressure Up to 150 bar* Up to 150 bar* Up to 150 bar*Explosion safety ATEX / FM ATEX / FM ATEX / FMApprovals

National approvals2004/22/CE (MID)



* Lower or higher optional

The measuring principle:

The electromagnetic flowmeter is based on Faraday’s law of induction. According this law, a certain voltage is induced in a conductor or conductive medium, which moves in a magnetic field. This voltage is proportional to the movement speed of the medium. For electromagnetic flowmeters, the induced voltage is tapped either via two measuring electrodes that are in conductive contact with the measure substance or in a capacitive manner with no contact. An electronic measuring transducer amplifies the signal and converts it to a standard signal

Electromagnetic flowmeters

9


The mode of operation of mass fl owmeter is based on the Coriolis principle. This al lows you to determine the mass fl ow of liquids and gases from the deformation of the measuring pipe caused by liquids and gases.At the same time, the density of the medium can be taken from the resonance frequency of the pipe that has been caused to vibrated. Two sensor coils serve to detect the Coriolis effect. If there is no fl ow, both sensors record the same sinusoidal signal. Once a flow begins, the Coriolis force acts on the fl owing mass particles of the medium and leads to a deformation of the measuring pipe and a phase shift between the sensor signals. The sensors measure the phase shift of the sinusoidal vibrations. This phase shift is directly proportional to the mass fl ow.Volume fl ow is calculated from mass and density measurement.


The ultrasonic fl owmeter ALTOSONIC is based on the difference in transit-time method. Each couple of transducer (channel), built in the opposite side of the measuring tube, send and receive acoustic signals through the fl ow in two opposite directions. One signal is sent downstream the fl ow and one is sent upstream, both along the same path. A sound wave travels faster with the fl ow than one propagated against the fl ow. The difference in both transit time is proportional to the medium’s fl ow velocity. Number, shape and location of the channels, are the key points to get a good rebuilding fl ow profi le.

Ultrasonic fl owmeters

Coriolis mass fl owmeters

10

But only the meter ……is not enough!

Temperature control, pressure monitoring, air presence, fi lters, installation rules, pumps and valves positioning, verifi cation procedures, calculation data collecting…., all contribute to make a custody transfer measure, a proper one! Let KROHNE specialist do that!

“Superior Flow Computer Technology”

According the data applications and customer’s needs, specifi c procedures are implemented to make the fl ow computer the most appropriate.

» Remote Internet access» On line fl ow calculation» PID and Batch Controls» Several hundreds batches stored» Multiple meter streams» Support of any communication protocol» Support of “unlimited” number of meter runs» Integrated Loading/Unloading, Blending, Additive injection procedures » Sampling quality monitoring» Pipeline management» API, AGA, ASTM Calculation

A complete automation system, can combine the Flow Computer with many other equipment, as fi scal printer and fi scal computer - UPS2000, custody transfer approved as well.

The whole custody transfer chain is “sealed”Transmission data is unbreakable; no changing are possible!Network is open and any other system can be connected.

Architecture is fl exible and modular: from cheap and simple solutions up to complete and automatic solutions for integrated and different measuring system.

CONTROL ROOM

OPC TAS

OPC Fiscal PC

Fiscal printer

Controller forEx or Safe Area

Terminal Ex

n...21

BOL printer

TCP/IP

EDI

CAN OPEN CAN OPEN CAN OPEN CAN OPEN

FIELD

Fiscal Documentation

Flow computers

11

PC based loading computer system coordinates all active modules in the tank farm terminal, from receipt (pipeline, railcar, truck, ship and barge), inventory control to product delivery. Connected to all instrumentation, it controls all loading and off-loading processes from small to very large tank farm.

» Visualisation of online process data» Control, Monitoring and Trending of instrument values during transfer operations» Alarm & event reporting» Extensive diagnostic capabilities» Validation procedures

A secure operation with maximum data integrity is guaranteed. Easy to operate human machine interface is in your language. One central Terminal Manager can collect all terminal data from different operating terminals, offering reconciliation of batches.

MESSAGE SERVER

Tank Manager

Truck Manager

Storage ControlPump Control

BOL Control

Weight bridge

RegistrationEntrance

Rail Car Islands1.....n

Truck Islands1.....n

Loading Area Exit - Stock Management- Level Gauge

- Scheduling- Traffi c Control

Main Exit

Billboard

Take control of the entire terminal!

System Control

• Tank Farm Management• Traffi c Control• Loading Contracts• Access Control• Loading Documents• Reports• Data excange with HOST• Control of Loading and Unloading

Computer Operated Terminal Automation System

Pump StationProduct Reception

Barge

Rail car

PipelineInventory

Barge Loading

Rail Car Loading

Tank Truck Loading

Dispensing

13

In-depth knowledge of the Oil& Gas products and procedures, in energy-related products, as well as comprehensive experience in the processes obtained over more than 80 years in measurement, advanced R&D structure and strong cooperation with the authorities, make KROHNE a reliable partner for your important measuring tasks. » Small-and-simple up to large-and-comprehensive metering solutions » Custody-transfer solutions » Turnkey and tailor-made solutions» Proving systems solutions » Complete revamping » Best meter technology » Secure operation with guaranteed maximum data integrity » Easy human interface machine operations » Highest performance achieved, according the largest international rules.

Always with KROHNE expert personal, from the concept, through the engineering, manufacturing, allocating, start up, to the first and periodical verification. Consulting and supports with the metrological authorities.

Stations delivered are: » Pre-fabricated» Cabled» Calibrated» In accordance with major international standards (API, ATEX, MID, ASTM, PED, AGA, ...) » Tested» Painted

Single-source responsibility from concept to end

KROHNE Liquid & Gas metering solutions

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CALIBRATION SYSTEMS

• Basic and standards laboratories• Temperature, pressure, volume and mass• Humidity laboratories• Gas quality laboratories• Composition of calibration gas• Basic nozzle calibration systems• Basic verification systems and Calibration installations• Displacement unit, ball prover, master meter, rotary piston prover

LIQUID STATIONS

TYPE OF PRODUCTS

TYPE OF METERING STATIONS

• Crude oil• Condensate• Refined products• Liquid propane / butane, LNG, etc.• Multiproduct

• Flow metering systems for » Offshore platforms, FPSO’s » Transport / pipeline & terminals » Loading & offloading » Refineries » Calibration & verification

• Fiscal & custody transfer metering and allocation metering

METERING HOUSES

FLOW COMPUTERS & CABINETS

Analiser systems Sampling systems Density Gas composition

15

GAS STATIONS

TYPE OF PRODUCTS

TYPE OF GAS STATIONS

• Metering• Pressure reduction• Metering & pressure reduction• Metering & flow control• Metering & pressure reduction & flow control

• Upstream systems

• Border crossing systems

• Transport Measurement

• City Gate stations

• Distribution stations

» Production metering onshore & offshore» Well metering» Measurement for gas & liquid» Gas and liquid sampling» Analyser systems» Pressure & flow control

» Metering» Flow control» Gas analysing systems

» Metering» Gas analyser systems» Flow / pressure control

» Large and industrial stations» Metering» Pressure control» Gas analysing systems

» Industrial & Households» Metering» Pressure control

SUPERVISORY&

FLOW COMPUTER SYSTEMS

FULLY INTEGRATED METERING SKIDS WITH:

• Flow meters: Ultrasonic, orifice, turbine, Coriolis, etc.• Piping & Valves• Other instrumentation: temperature & pressure transmitters, etc

VALIDATION&

PROVING SYSTEMS

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Innovation combined with knowledgeguarantees the most efficient solution

SINGLE-SOURCE RESPONSABILITYFROM CONCEPT TO COMPLETION

Manufacturing

Calibration & Integrated tests (FAT/SAT)

Shipping & Packing

Start-up & Commissioning

Training & Service

Consultancy Feed

Design & Engeneering

Project Management

KROHNE has continuously invested significantly in new technologies, facilities, human resources, and quality procedures. This and the wealth of experience in providing solutions to the Energy market, make the KROHNE’s project management able to satisfy the highest quality standards in our factories. We comply with the most important international codes and fiscal regulations, often even exceeding the requirements and the expectations of the end users.

KROHNE offers a variety of technologies including ultrasonic, turbine, PD, mass meter, orifices plate, depending on the fluid and the required performance level.

To ensure maximum efficiency for our customers, KROHNE actively pursues ever-improving quality programs for all our employees.

For each project KROHNE provides:» Dedicated project manager» Engineering team offering a complete technical support at every phase of the project» On site consultancy» Supervisor of the job in-progress» Inspectors or customer witnessing availability at any step of the production and test phases

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Main KROHNE Oil & Gas production facilities

• Breda (Netherlands) • Dordrecht (Netherlands) • Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) • Houston (Texas) • Sheffield (United Kingdom) • Sliedrecht (Netherlands)

Main KROHNE Oil & Gas systems integrator facilities

• Brevik (Norway) • Chengde (China) • Dubai (Middle East) • Dordrecht (Netherlands) • Duisburg (Germany) • Houston (Texas) • Johannesburg (South Africa) • Macao (Brasil)

KROHNE factories are: » ISO 9001/02 » ISO 14001 » ISO 18001 » ISO 17025

• Malmo (Sweden) • Milano (Italy) • Pune (India) • Romans (France) • Samara (Russia) • Sao Paulo (Brazil) • Shanghai (China) • Wellinborough (United Kingdom)

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Pipelines

A complete Pipeline Metering Solution consists of: » Metering skid using the most accurate and reliable flow meter, selected according the relevant products being measured » Provers and proving functionality » Flow Computer designed for both custody transfer and proving » Pipeline Management Software » Leak Detection and Localisation System » Verification and calibration periodically requested

Any faults, or alarms, even during transients, are detected in real time! Pipeline status (in terms of cleanness, leakages, ...) is constantly monitored

Delivering products (in terms of quantity, quality, air and water content monitoring, ….) and delivering activities (in terms of procedures, alarms, valve activation and controls, sampling, ...) are always under control

When every second counts…….

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KROHNE uses the most advancedtechnology available today.Accuracy, safety, reliability arethe main features of the KROHNEpipeline meter solutions

ALTOSONIC is the best meter for pipeline application:

ALTOSONIC for Multi-Product Pipelines» Handling » Simple and easy » Integrated flow computer calculation » PC-based HMI with all data and diagnostics» High measuring accuracy & repeatibility » Uncertainty: ± 0,15% MV » Repeatibility: 0,04% band » Viscosity independent » Compensation for flow profile distortion and swirl » High reliability » Multi beams ensure redundancy and validation of results » Redundant electronics » Internal diagnostic » Pipeline “piggable”» Multi-measurement purposes » Standard volumetric flow rate and totalisation » Additional information on volume, mass flow, reference density » Product identification and interface detection in multi-products based on speed of sound» Low capital costs » High turndown ratio » No strainers required » Long working life » Easy installation cost » Bi-directional measurement» Low operational costs » No change of device necessary when changing products » No drift; no re-calibration when changing products » Long term stability » Negligible pressure drop» Low maintenance costs » No moving parts; no wear » No need for periodical re-calibrations » Rugged and reliable design

ALTOSONIC

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Flow computer is the heart of a prover and pipeline metering system

It interfaces with the field equipment and provides:

» Dual pulse shifted outputs» Temperature compensation» Density change detection» Dual chronometry for proving» Pressure compensation» Field I/O» Flow and regulating valves» Sampling, BSTW, volume control

Remote handling processesFor complex and multi-pipeline system flow computers can be remotely controlled by a PC-based Software Pipeline Manager program, able to control and record all functionalities of pipeline metering and proving.It initiates and monitors all batches, proving cycles and configurations and allows versatile report generation.

Main functions are:» Batch accounting» Proving management» Batch reconciliation» BS&W for crude oil» Product interface account

• Removal of turbine and strainer• Turbines clogged by paraffin in crudes• ALTOSONIC ultrasonic flow meter shows no significant effect by wax or deposits

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Leak and localisation detection

WHEN EVERY SECOND COUNTS

Pipe Patrol provides very fast in leakage detection and it is very accurate in the leak localisation of pipelines, whether crossing hundreds of kilometres over flat land, under rivers and lakes or passing through mountains or industrial regions.» Zero false alarms by Leak Pattern Recognition» Highest sensitivity even under transient condition through E-RRTM (Extended Real Time Transient Model)» For liquids, gases and LPG» Batch and pig tracking capabilities» Easy retrofit using existing field instrumentation» Interfaces to existing SCADA system» Permanently available» Rapid, reliable

It complies with the most rigorous regulations in the world: API STD 1130 (USA) and TFRL (Germany).

Everything under control

23

E-RTTMuses existing instrumentation…

E-RTTM learns…

» Pressure at inlet and outlet*» Temperature at inlet and outlet*» Flow at inlet and outlet*» Ambient temperature*

* These readings can be taken from existing instrumentation

Before commissioning, PipePatrol records the pipeline data under working conditions. Using this data allows PipePatrol to reach maximum sensitivity without knowing the exact pipeline properties. Throughout its operational life, PipePatrol remains self-learning; critical parameters are self-tuned to continuously guarantee maximum performance.

NO FALSE ALARMS. Spontaneous leaks typically occur during start-up, shut-down and operational changes. This is logical, since under these conditions the pressure in the pipeline changes. Unfortunately, the changing pressure causes transients; inlet and outlet flow will vary drastically. A good leak detection system should be able to cope with these transients reliably and retain its ability to detect small leaks very quickly.

Apart from the outstanding and highly welcome performance, Pipe Patrol features unique leak pattern recognition. This leak pattern recognition comes from the underlying technology of Extended Real Time Transient Modelling (E-RTTM). The basic RTTM goes much further than simple compensated mass balance. It takes transients into considerations. Transients are always present in any pipeline as a result of drawing off product, filling, packing, product changes, ramping up and ramping down. RTTM measures the pressure and temperature at the inlet and outlet, and calculates the flow from this. It then compares the calculated flow with the actual flow measured by (already existing) flowmeters. The result is a comparison of measured versus calculated flow at inlet and outlet (not simply at the outlet like traditional systems), which alone provides much better.

25

» Loading & Unloading systems for ships, barges, rail cars, trucks» Meters, loading arms, grounding system, flow control, drum, container, vessel filling, ...» Procedures highly automated for much faster and safe operations» Management of technical loading, batching and commercial processes » Co-ordinates & controls technical loading and batching processes » Organizes order processing » Including paper work (loading documents, etc.)» Custody transfer approved processes» Suitable solutions even for marine Ex-areas and extreme working conditions

Precision while changing the carrier

Loading / Offloading:KROHNE’s scope supply rangesfrom a single meter to a complete system for loading operations

26

Special solutions are engineered by KROHNE specialists for customised solutions depending on:

» Products: from liquefied gas up to heavy fuel oil for bunkering (450cSt)» Temperature: solution suitable up to 280 °C» Flow rate: loading arms up to 6” » Carrier: barge, ships, trucks, railcar» Single or multiproducts capability through one meter and one loading arm» Automation level to increase the efficiency of the daily operations» Safety and Protection level with advanced and automatic solutions» Management and commercial processes with a computer system able to coordinate all active parts together with the loading/offloading act management, traffic and access control, tank farm loading documents

Railcar and Trucks loading systems always need:

» The most accurate and rugged flow meter» Easy and safe loading arm» Flow computer designed for double shifted output, temperature compensation, load control valves, loading control I/O» Additive injection system» Biofuel blending system» ID-Card / Access and traffic control system» Loading control PLC» Safety systems, grounding and overfilling

Barge and Ships loading even means:

» On-shore and off-shore application type» Jetty with multiproduct arms for ship» Sampling integrating system» Water detection» Sampling

27

LOAD CONTROLLER SYSTEM

STANDARD FEATURES

OPTIONAL FEATURES

• Single or multi-products operation• Flow controls for digital or analogic valves• Dual pulse security• Configurable inputs / outputs• Preset for batching with automatic correction• Meter factor calculation and meter curve linearization• Configurable pulse outputs• Graphic display• Automatic error handling and reporting• Integrated log-book for selected events• Manual or automatic mode selection• Configurable 170 sequencing• 7 security levels• Fieldbus communications• LAN communication TCP/IP• Serial interface RS232/422/485• Storage of up to 200 transactions per meter• Remote maintenance via diagnostic interface• Approvals [Ex]: ATEX• W&M: OIML, PTB (D), MAP (I), NMI (NL), GOST (Russia) ...

• Interface to densitometer• Inline blending ratio and sequential• Multi-product blending• Additive control• Meter prover application• Integrated ID card reader (wiegand proximity / transponder)

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KROHNE’s experience in loading /offloading processes guarantees the highest achievable performance

OPTIMASS plays a leading role in achieving the best accuracy and repeatability » High measure accuracy » Accuracy: ±0,1% MV » Viscosity independent » No flow profile and swirl effect » Temperature and pressure compensation

» Multi measurement purposes: » Mass, Volume and Density reading » Multiproduct » Suitable for liquid, methane, CNG, LPG » The best solution for dispencer and trucks

» Low capital costs: » High turn down ratio » No filter required » Long working life » Easy installation » No upstream and downstream straight pipe required » Bidirectional

» Low operational costs: » No recalibration required when changing products » No drift

» Low maintenance costs: » No moving parts, no wear » No need of periodical verification

OPTIMASS

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OPTIMASS is rugged, robust and compact

OPTIMASS is the KROHNE slim giant, measuring up to 2.300.000 Kg/h

But it becomes small and compact enough to be easily mounted in a dispenser for liquid, liquefied gas and gas.

Suitable even for extreme operating conditionssuch as high pressure or very low temperature

31

Biofuels Industry

An industry showing a large growth in recent years has been the production of biofuels. Biodiesel and bioethanol are the two basic strategic products produced from agricultural based crops and the world’s attempt at reducing the reliance on fossil fuels. These processes are well known but it is only recently that investments on a large scale are making the production of these fuels economically viable.

Biodiesel, bioethanol, and ethanol as well, like all the other fuels are subject to duties. Accurate measurement of the transfer between two parties is therefore important as the correct duty needs to be paid and the purchaser/distributor of the biodiesel needs to be confident that what he is paying for is the correct quantity. This measurement can be done volumetrically or by mass (weight).

KROHNE has a wealth of experience in this field and would be happy to advise contractors and end users on the best method of installing the flow meters and the ancillary devices equipment to get the best performance from the measuring system.

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Typical biofuel process

Most processes use alkali catalyst based transesterification where oil, catalyst, and alcohol are combined in a reactor and agitated at a given temperature. The reaction is sometime done in two steps where approximately 80% of the alcohol and catalyst is added to the first stage reactor. The product vapours from this reactor then pass through a glycerol removal step before entering a second reactor. The remaining 20% of the alcohol and catalyst is then added thus providing a complete reaction with the potential of using less alcohol.

Following this reaction, the glycerol is removed from the methyl esters. After separation, the methyl ester enter a neutralisation step and then pass through a methanol stripper.

TYPICAL PLANT and schematic for biodiesel

OilReactor Separator

Acidulation and separation

Methanolremoval

Crudeglycerol

(85%)

Methanolstorage

Methanol/watherrectification

Neu

tral

isat

ion

and

Met

hano

l rem

oval

MethanolCatalyst

Acid car

Glycerol 50%

For further refining

Acid

Met

yl e

ster

Water

Water

Wash water

Waterwashing

Dryer

Biodisel

Free fatty acids

The production of bioethanol is typically a batch process where time has to be allowed for fermentation of a sugar-containing product (cane, beet corn, maize ...).

The processing is done by milling the product, passing it through a liquefaction process where enzymes are added. This liquid is then sent to a fermentation stage, where the product is allowed to ferment thus producing ethanol (ethyl alcohol). From here it is distilled and the light fraction (ethanol) is sent to a fractionation process.

TYPICAL PLANT and schematic for bioethanol

Milling

Concentration

Enzymes

Liquefaction

Fermentation

Yeast

Solidstorage

Bioethanolstorage

Additive to petroleumor used for processing

biodisel

Frac

tiona

tion

Dis

tilla

tion

Dehydration

Drying

DryingSyrup

Waste juice

Separation

33

Example of a skid where the mass and the volume of the anhydrous and hydrated products are both calculated in line. Batches and the quality of the production are fully controlled by the integrated management software. The above system is fully compliant with OIML and local Weights and Measures authority or Customs and Excise requirements.

OPTISPIRIT SKID

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Tank Farm

» Global Tank Farm Control» API and OIML conformity » Real Time update of measurement and calculation values» Software and Hardware solution, developed on customer’s basis» Fully integrable in an existing farm» Flexible and Reliable» Free network layout» Interface to customs & free protocols » Level or Hydrostatic or Hybrid method » Free level technology selectable» Complete or partial system, fully compatible with any existing Tank Farm System

KROHNE your tank farm’s guard

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KROHNE produces safety

Tank Inventory and Management System from KROHNE, is a powerful and intelligent system designed for tank monitoring and control. It can be employed as a single tank solution, or as part of a comprehensive multi tank farm, including loading and offloading, batch tracking, blending, and leak detection procedure.

With the KROHNE TANK INVENTORY SYSTEM, each tank is a stand alone system. And so, tank-specific data can always be called up at any time, independent of any existing faults in the communication or central data acquisition system.

Freely selectable transmitters for LEVEL measurement, TEMPERATURE TANK profile, PRESSURE monitoring and BOTTOM WATER detection interact harmoniously together on the tank. For each tank the KROHNE TANK SIDE CONTROLLER handles data and providing GROSS & NET VOLUME, DENSITY profile, GROSS & NET MASS, alarms, as specified by the user.

KROHNE SUPERVISOR PLATFORM, located wherever required, is capable of collecting all measured and calculated data in a single interface station and thus permits easy management of the whole TANK FARM.

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Radar Technology» FMCW & PLL radar technology » No moving parts» 9 – 10 GHz band or 24 – 26 GHz » Horn antenna, with cleaning design and purging system» Always working even with bitumen or liquid sulphur » Accuracy up to ±1mm (Custody Transfer approved acc. OIML R 85)» 4 wire or 2 wire loop powered technology» Serial outputs as HART, RS485, Profibus and FF

The tank control unit» Input: » Level » Pressure » Multi-spot or Single Temperature » Water interface level » Output: » 2 serial, » 4 alarms » Calculation: » Gross & Net Volume » Gross & Net Mass » Average Temperature » Density

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Training Installation Commissioning Service (TICS)

CONSULTANCY FROM CONCEPTUAL DESIGN ...

Early involvement guarantees cost efficient solutions, based on in-dept knowledge of application and best selection of flow meter technologies.

In house development design and manufacturing and single source responsibility make job easier to control for the commitment.» Front end engineers and design studies » Feasability studies» Basic (functional) design» Site inspection & surveys» Site metering plan» Revamp projects

... TO COMMISSIONING AND VERIFICATION

Global support at your doorstep» Transportation» Installation» Testing» Commissioning» Start up» Initial and periodical verification

Service Level Agreements» Periodical surveys» Remote and local support» Availability» Training

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Calibration at KROHNEReliability you can count on

The true quality of a flow meter becomes apparent when conditions are less than favourable: e.g. when there are wildly fluctuating pressures, vacuum surges, or when measuring non homogeneous materials or media with a high viscosity.

Therefore, we at KROHNE do everything possible, starting with the calibration, to ensure that our flow meters perform brilliantly with the highest degree of accuracy, reliability and reproducibility, even under such conditions.

Every KROHNE flow meter in direct volumetric comparison or mass comparison must be wet-calibrated-by far the most accurate method.

Calibration is carried out on the world’s most accurate calibration systems.

It is no wonder that the accuracy of the KROHNE calibration station is generally better than that of the flow meter to be tested by a factor of 10. For our customers, this not only means a maximum degree of certainty, but it also guarantees the accuracy specifications of all of the flow meters under reference conditions.

In case of custody transfer meters, calibration are carried out in accordance with OIML and product calibration with can be arranged.

Another benefit for our customers: the KROHNE calibration stations are certified and regularly inspected in order to ensure a constant, high degree of measurement accuracy.

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Euroloop the largest calibration facilitiesfor both oil and gas fluids:

» High / Low viscosity products available

» High pressure rig for gas available

» Largest flow rate possible

Calibration and validation of systems or single flow meter can be carried out:

» On site

» At KROHNE factories

» At independent facilities

MASTER METER

BALL PROVER

MOBILE PROVER

TANK PROVER

FACTORY CALIBRATION

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KROHNE proved

EXPECT MORE - ACHIEVE MORE.

Any flow meter that leaves one of our factories in Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands, France, Brazil, China, India, or Russia is thoroughly tested beforehand.

These specific measurements, tests, and materials tests are part of what we call “KROHNE-approved”. They far exceed the legal requirements and therefore guarantee our customers not only compliance with the specified technical data but also the precise and reliable use of our devices under the most difficult conditions.

We subject each electronics package to an entire series of comprehensive temperature change tests; in which the components are exposed to cyclic temperature changes of from -20 °C to +60 °C. This reduces the number of failures in the field to a minimum.

And we won’t budge on these strict tests. After all, we want to offer our customers only those products that we have an accurate impression of in terms of quality and performance capability.

This basic principle will apply to all devices that leave our factory in the future as well.

KROHNE Italia SrlProcess Solution Division

Via V. Monti 7520145 MilanoItalyTel: +39 02 4300 661Fax: +39 02 4300 [email protected]

KROHNE MesstechnikGmbH & Co. KG

Ludwig-Krohne-StraßeD-47058 DuisburgGermanyTel: +49(0)203-301-0Fax: +49(0)[email protected]

KROHNEOil & Gas

Minervum 74414817 - ZG BREDAThe NetherlandsTel: +31 (0)76 7112000Fax: +31 (0)76 [email protected]

www.krohne.com

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KROHNE Process Solutions Overview

• Liquid flowmetering systems

• Gas flowmetering systems

• Supervisory systems

• Flow computers

• Tank Management Systems

• Loading & Offloading systems

• Leak Detection Systems