the kcl- polymer mud _ more than words!

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MORE THAN WORDS!

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I always imagine if that was barrells of

chocolate!! oh God, I would never let it

loss even one drop. haha.

May 21, 2011 by agushoe

THE KCL- POLYMER MUD

3 Votes

Ive worked in six different

oil-wells until now. All o

them used KCL-Polymer

system mud. I never work

with another mud system so

far (High performance mud,

Oil base mud, synthetic

base mud, etc) How pity I

am!! hahaha. Well yeah,

this KCl-Polymer system is

still considered as a

powerful mud system tocombat reactive shale or

clays. Its firstly used in
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a simplified clay structure with itscharge

mid-1950 and started widely

used from late 1960s to

present. So actually, this mud system is not really sophisticated. But Its

inhibitive enough, tolerant of contaminants (salt, gypsum/anhydrite, and

cement) and help reach high mud weight (since the KCl salt contribute to

raise mud weight pretty well). Thats why its been widely used all over the

world.

Now theres might be a question

comes up ,why Shale or Clay

must be combat? well,

Because it possibly swells so

badly once it contacted to water

(like a rubber when it expose to

diesel oil), I ever heard that it

possible being 8 10 times

bigger than its original size. So

crazy, right? It obviously

dangerous to drilling operation

as will cause some problem such

as (stuck pipe, rheology

roblem, etc). Another question that might be come up later is why

shale/clay works that bad? because the shale has molecular structures

that possibly invites water and other particle to come onto. The particleconsists of 2 layers that have different charges in it. The basal plane (flat

planes) is predominant of negative charges (-), and edge side is mostly

positive charge (+).

Why it is? Hmm,,,I need separated chapter to tell it whyits totally

chemistry! Yup, a physical chemistry Well yeah, lets pick up a smectite,its one of the clay minerals. it is the least stable and the most susceptible to

hydration and diagenetic
http://agushoe.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/clay-particle.png


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molecular structure of smectite, the least

stable minerals of clays

alteration. Two other

terms often associated

with the smectites are

montmorillonite and

Bentonite. Since

Bentonite has been

exposed to seawater and

other sources of cations,

some of the silicon and

aluminum cations in the

structure have been

replaced. Iron and

magnesium typically

replace aluminum and

aluminum typically

replaces silicon. This replacement causes an imbalance in charges in the

structure. This causes the bentonite sheet to be negatively charged. Cations

(positive charged particles) are attracted to this negatively charged surface.

As time goes on, water molecules begin to seep in between the platelets.

Some of the molecules of water adhere to the clay platelets and some o

them go to the individual cations on the platelet surface. When a clay

platelet is fully hydrated, it is surrounded by a cloud of water and hydrated

ions. The Greatest concentration of water molecules and hydrated cationsare near the surface of the clay. And the swelling just happened.

Well, back to the KCl system. How does it work?Which of the

parameter that important to monitor periodically? Here we go! The

KCl-Polymer system provides potassium ion (K+). It works strongly

because particular size of the ions in relation to the clay crystal structure.The K+ ion size really fit to the shale/clay pore (10 Angstrom) once it

arrived at the surface o
http://agushoe.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/clay-structure.png


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an inhibitive mechanism of K+ ion on Clay

particle

encapsulation illustration of Clay

clay or shale. Then it

inhibits the water to come

into it and reduce the

dispersion of clays. And

the swelling is just

avoided. Cool right? So,

things that really

important to measure is

the K+ concentration in a

mud. Theres a couple

method to measure it, but

the method I ever had is

the hand crank

centrifuge (Ill explain it later!).

Although, it recognize as a powerful mud system, theres some limitation

using it: The Toxicity of KCltypically 3-10 % by weight concentration,

disposal cost, mud system cost at hight KCl levels. But I dont know why

the HSE officer told me that the treated mud (water from mud thats been

treated) is really good for fertilizer. He dumped in a yard and the grass then

grew nicely. I think it comes from the K, which accidentally has good

concentration for the grass growth. hahaha. its a miracle!

Anyway,the
http://agushoe.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/clay-coating.pnghttp://agushoe.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/kcl-mechanism.png


5/16

a not supported solid control prevents a wide-use of PHPA

combination of KCl with the polymer will enhance its effectiveness

regarding to combat shale. The polymer that used is PHPA, thats why

sometimes it called The KCl-PHPA mud. PHPA stands for Partially

ydrolyzed Poly Acrylamide. It was introduced by Shell Oil Co in late1960s. the PHPA helps to encapsulate (coats) the clays/shale surface with

a protective film. This blocks or slows Base Exchange and hydration. But

the poor solid control prevented wide spread use. Yep, it definitely needs a

good solid control equipment (Shale shaker, etc).
http://agushoe.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/img00408-20101019-1325.jpg


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THE AMAZING CULINARY TRIP AT CEPU! HELLO, PALM JUMEIRAH!

18THOUGHTSONTHEKCL-POLYMERMUD

UII Fans says:

May 23, 2011 at 03:39

1 0 Rate This

Artikel yang menarik..

Makasih infonya..

Terus berkarya:)

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This entry was posted in Energy Issues, Oil and Gas, Oilfield Serv ice and tagged Drilling, Gas, Mud, Oil.

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arun1st says:

May 23, 2011 at 05:41

0 0 Rate This

wowyoure kind of generous & brilliant engineer, thanks for the sharing. poor me cant (wont)

understand it

agushoe says:

May 23, 2011 at 09:52

1 0 Rate This

LOL! big pardon for being too technical explaining it. actually it just a basic chemistry, seriously! and

all mud knowledge is just a common sense. ure gonna be understand when start getting into it. btw,

Im not a good engineer if u say so ( it hard to understand, isnt it? well yeah,,,Ill make another

post better thx for visit.

Jagadheesh Vanamayilsays:September 9, 2011 at 04:00

0 0 Rate This

good to learn about kcl mud system ,b4 i had doubt now i cleared a bit

Jagadheesh Vanamayilsays:

September 9, 2011 at 04:01

0 0 Rate This

i need the procedure of find out k+ ion in the mud system

agushoe says:

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8/16

1 0 Rate This

yeah,,,glad to hear that its useful for othersthx

agushoe says:September 9, 2011 at 16:01

1 0 Rate This

anw, you can find it out in next article,,,,

bikash says:

January 31, 2012 at 18:06

1 0 Rate This

Its very good , But i just want to point out another use of PHPA with KCL is that PHPA encapsulate

cuttings and reduce the disintergration of cuttings in the mud system so that

we can reduce LGS in the system.

agushoe says:

February 1, 2012 at 02:10

1 0 Rate This

yup, thats the main point. Thx bikash

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aka says:

March 3, 2012 at 09:48

0 0 Rate This

if the ROP isnt high and you have good solid control equipment, especially desander and desilter,

LGS shouldnt be a problem i guess..
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9/16

Pak Agus, what and how many materials do u use to make up 1bbls kcl-polymer?

agushoe says:

March 18, 2012 at 16:44

2 0 Rate This

Depend on the formation thats being drilled. commonly, KCl concentration is up to 7%. so does the

polymer, it could be vary from one field to another. polymer thats commonly used are: PAC R, PAC

LV, Xantan Gum, PHPA, etc. still, all of them is depend

Anonymous says:


0 0 Rate This

Assalamalaikum. perkenalkan saya Muhammad Irsyad mahasiswa teknik perminyakan ygsedang

tugas akhir. saya ingin bertanya mas, apa sebenarnya perbedaan antara KCl-PHPA Polymer dengan

KCl-Polymer? trims

agushoe says:


1 0 Rate This

waalaikum salam,,,,,KCl-PHPA pakai polimer namanya PHPA,,,kalau KCl-Polymer aja biasanyatidak menggunakan PHPA, hanya polymer standar saja (PAC, Xathan Gum, etc)..

Anonymous says:


0 0 Rate This

Trima kasih Mas Agus.

Maaf mas sebelumnya, klo boleh saya minta akun Yahoo Messenger atau email apabila ada yang

ingin saya tanyakan, karena kebetulan Tugas Akhir saya ini mengenai lumpur.hehe
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10/16

Trima kasih sebelumnya Mas Agus

agushoe says:

October 15, 2012 at 09:04

0 0 Rate This

maaf baru bales,,,,hehe. kalau mau chatinvite YM saya aja : guz_choer

semoga lancar ya TA nyaAmiiin

propolis diamond says:

October 17, 2012 at 08:26

0 0 Rate This

It is actually a great and useful piece of info. I am happy that you just shared this useful info with us.

Please stay us up to date like this. Thanks for sharing.

regards Propolis

Thierry says:

July 17, 2013 at 03:17

0 0 Rate This

Not bad at all, but one thing is not totally correct the size of ions Your asumption is valid, but

you should precise it is the diameter of hydrated ions, not that of ions themselves (otherwise ranking

shouldnt be the same between Na+ and K+ for instance)

Good article anyway

agushoe says:July 17, 2013 at 23:13

0 0 Rate This
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11/16

well, Im not really sure. I think I need to see some reference manual regarding thisThanks a lot,

Thierry

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