THE JUDICIARYThe Judiciary is the third branch of the indian

government.

THE INDIAN JUDICIARY:-

Supreme court

(centre)

District courtsCivil ,

criminal,revenue

High courts

Nyaya panchay

ats

The supreme courtLocated in New DelhiInaugurated on 28th January 1950One chief justice and other judges not exceeding

25.All judges appointed by PresidentQualifications:1. Citizen of India2. Advocate of High court or of two or more such

courts in succession for at least 10 years.3. Judges of High courts of 5 years’ standing.

Judges hold office until the age of 65. Can be removed by impeachment.

Powers of the Supreme court3 kinds of powers:-1. Original jurisdiction:-cases brought

directly. Happens if- Disputes between union and the state

government or between state government. Violation of constitution by govt/indvidual. Violation of fundamental rights.2 Appellate jurisdiction-The supreme court

hears appeals against the judgements of the high courts.

3 Advisory jurisdictionAdvice the president on legal matters and constitutional issues.Functions as the court of records.

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HIGH COURT1. Composition Chief justice and other judges. Number is decided according to the size of

the state. Appointed by the President2 Qualification Citizen of India In judicial office for 10 years Advocate of high court for 10 years or two or

more courts in succession.Retire on completing 62 yrs, removed by

impeachment

Powers of high courtOriginal jurisdiction-fundamental rights, election petitionsAppellate jurisdictionControls functioning of subordinate

courtsMaintains records of proceedings.

Allahabad high court

Subordinate courts Under the control of the high courtAll courts at district level and below are

known as subordinate courts3 types-1. Civil courts2. Criminal courts3. Revenue courts

Judges appointed by the governor in consultation with the high court.

Panchayat courts Called Nyaya panchayatsOne such court for a number of

villagesCan impose fine of upto Rs. 100/-Lok adalatsSimply lengthy legal procedures,

cheaper and quicker servicesBegan in 1958 in Delhi.Presided over by retired judges.

Legal aidLegal aid scheme-free legal services to poorer

sections of society.Some of the categories are:-1. SC, ST and BC2. Mentally ill and disabled 3. Women and children4. Victims of trafficking or beggars5. Annual income less than 25000 if the case is

put in any other court apart from the supreme court

6. Annual income less than 50000 if case is being presented in supreme court.