the judicial branch chapter 18. the inferior courts section 2
TRANSCRIPT
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The Judicial Branch
Chapter 18
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THE INFERIOR COURTSSection 2
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The District Courts
• 94 constitutional courts that handle much of the trial work of the federal judicial branch.
• Federal Judicial Districts – 50 states divided into 89 judicial districts and U.S. territorial district courts.
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District Court Jurisdiction
• Original jurisdiction over 80% of all federal court cases.– Hears all original cases not heard in special courts or
supreme court.– Hears both criminal and civil cases• Criminal Case: Defendant has been accused of violating an
action that Congress has declared a federal crime.– U.S. Government is always prosecutor (District Attorney)– i.e. bank robbery, kidnapping, counterfeiting
• Civil Case: Contract law or lawsuit in which plaintiff seeks damages.– i.e. public lands disputes, civil rights violation, bankruptcy
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The Courts of Appeals
• Relieve Supreme Court of much of the burden of hearing cases from district courts.– 13 Courts of Appeals: 12 Circuit Courts (circuit
jurisdiction) and The Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (nation-wide jurisdiction)
• Have anywhere from 6 to 28 justices that typically sit in 3-judge panels during hearings.
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U.S. Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit - Denver
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Appellate Court Jurisdiction• ONLY appellate jurisdiction
– Can not hear original cases – only review previously decided cases – looking for misapplications of the law or improper procedures at the trial court level.
– Appellant and Appellee’ lawyers present written and oral arguments to the court.
• Circuit Courts: Hear cases from district courts within their jurisdictions as well as from tax courts, territorial courts, and regulatory agencies.
• Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit: Nation-wide jurisdiction hearing cases from the court of international trade, court of federal claims, court of appeals for veterans claims, or patent, copyright, or trademark cases.
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The Court of International Trade
• Composed of 8 Justices and 1 Chief Justice– Trial Court hearing civil cases arising from customs
and trade-related laws.– Justices hear cases in panels of three– Often sit in major port cities: New York, New
Orleans, San Francisco, Boston, etc…