The Judges of the The Judges of the Salem Witch TrialsSalem Witch Trials

Kevin Chen, Brandon Kuang, Donovan Kevin Chen, Brandon Kuang, Donovan Le, Emily LeeLe, Emily Lee

AP Language & Composition, Period 4AP Language & Composition, Period 4

30 November 200730 November 2007

The Judges of the The Judges of the Salem Witch TrialsSalem Witch Trials

Kevin Chen, Brandon Kuang, Donovan Kevin Chen, Brandon Kuang, Donovan Le, Emily LeeLe, Emily Lee

AP Language & Composition, Period 4AP Language & Composition, Period 4

30 November 200730 November 2007

Judge John HathorneJudge John Hathorne Born in 1641Born in 1641 Prominent familyProminent family Son of William Hathorne Son of William Hathorne

- most powerful - most powerful magistrate in Salemmagistrate in Salem

Accountant during King Accountant during King Philip's WarPhilip's War

Noted merchant and Noted merchant and politicianpolitician

Married 14-year-old Married 14-year-old Quaker at age 33Quaker at age 33

Dominating personality Dominating personality - belief in infallibility- belief in infallibility

Judge John HathorneJudge John Hathorne Appointed justice of the Appointed justice of the

peace & county judgepeace & county judge

Highly religiousHighly religious

Took accusations seriouslyTook accusations seriously

Believed the devil used Believed the devil used witches to undermine witches to undermine churchchurch

Chief magistrate in SalemChief magistrate in Salem

Appointed to Court of Appointed to Court of Oyer and Terminer in 1692 Oyer and Terminer in 1692

Judge John HathorneJudge John Hathorne Issued warrants with Judge Issued warrants with Judge

Corwin:Corwin:Sarah Good, Sarah Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne, Tituba, Martha Osborne, Tituba, Martha CoreyCorey

Biased, accusative Biased, accusative approachapproach

Tried to trick people into Tried to trick people into confessingconfessing

Did not fear those accused; Did not fear those accused; strangely calm strangely calm

Possible financial gains Possible financial gains from seizures of propertiesfrom seizures of properties

Never repented falsely Never repented falsely condemning innocentcondemning innocent

Died at 76Died at 76 Great great grandson Great great grandson

Nathaniel changed name to Nathaniel changed name to HawthorneHawthorne

Magistrate Samuel Sewall Magistrate Samuel Sewall Born March 28th, 1652, Born March 28th, 1652,

in Hampshire, England. in Hampshire, England.   Emigrated to Boston, Emigrated to Boston,

Massachusetts in 1661Massachusetts in 1661 Attended HarvardAttended Harvard Also entered local Also entered local

politics (gained position politics (gained position in the judicary)in the judicary)

Only judge to publicly Only judge to publicly apologize (regret his apologize (regret his role in the Salem trials)role in the Salem trials)

Very liberalVery liberal

Magistrate Samuel Sewall Magistrate Samuel Sewall The Selling of JosephThe Selling of Joseph

Kept a personal diary Kept a personal diary from 1673 to 1729from 1673 to 1729

Appointed Chief Justice Appointed Chief Justice of Massachusetts in 1717of Massachusetts in 1717

Married three times in Married three times in his life: Hannah Hull his life: Hannah Hull (1676-1717); Abigail (1676-1717); Abigail Tilley (1719); Mary Gibbs Tilley (1719); Mary Gibbs (1722-1730)(1722-1730)

Died January 1st, 1730, Died January 1st, 1730, at the age of 77, in at the age of 77, in BostonBoston

Colonel Nathaniel SaltonstallColonel Nathaniel Saltonstall Born in Ipswich, Born in Ipswich,

Massachusetts circa 1639Massachusetts circa 1639 First in his family to First in his family to

graduate from Harvard graduate from Harvard University (in 1659)University (in 1659)

On December 29th, 1663, On December 29th, 1663, married Elizabeth Wardmarried Elizabeth Ward

Two children; Elizabeth Two children; Elizabeth and Gurdon Saltonstalland Gurdon Saltonstall

in addition to being in in addition to being in the town judiciary the town judiciary service, also member of service, also member of local militarylocal military

earned rank of colonel  earned rank of colonel 

Colonel Nathaniel SaltonstallColonel Nathaniel Saltonstall Considered one of the more Considered one of the more

principled men of his timeprincipled men of his time

Appointed as judge Appointed as judge because of involvement in because of involvement in the courts and good the courts and good reputationreputation

Resigned from the Court of Resigned from the Court of Oyer and TerminerOyer and Terminer

"displeased with the "displeased with the handling of the Bishop handling of the Bishop case“case“

"very much dissatisfied "very much dissatisfied with the proceedings“with the proceedings“

Died May 21st, 1707, in Died May 21st, 1707, in Haverhill, Massachusetts at Haverhill, Massachusetts at age 68age 68

Judge Jonathan CorwinJudge Jonathan Corwin Born 1640Born 1640

wealthy New England wealthy New England merchantmerchant

Married Elizabeth Gibbs Married Elizabeth Gibbs at 32, ten children at 32, ten children

  Originally dealt with Originally dealt with petty crimes petty crimes (drunkenness, burglary)(drunkenness, burglary)

1692: Appointed to Court 1692: Appointed to Court Court of Oyer and Court of Oyer and TerminerTerminer

First to examine accused First to examine accused

Replaced Nathaniel Replaced Nathaniel Saltonstall Saltonstall

Judge Jonathan CorwinJudge Jonathan Corwin Issued most warrants Issued most warrants

(/w hathorne)(/w hathorne)

Left no written records Left no written records (no clear opinion) (no clear opinion) 

  Refrained from Refrained from arresting mother-in-lawarresting mother-in-law

Corwin House - Only Corwin House - Only structure left structure left 

  Home turned into Home turned into museum for publicmuseum for public

Died at 78Died at 78

Thomas DanforthThomas Danforth Born 1622Born 1622

married Mary Withington married Mary Withington at 22at 22

had 12 children, 2 had 12 children, 2 daughters survived to daughters survived to adulthoodadulthood

owned 15,000 acresowned 15,000 acres

later become the town of later become the town of FraminghamFramingham

Treasurer of Harvard at Treasurer of Harvard at 2828

Deputy governor Deputy governor Massachusetts at 57 Massachusetts at 57

Thomas DanforthThomas Danforth President of Maine at President of Maine at

58, 6758, 67

not a judge, occasionally not a judge, occasionally presentpresent

present at Elizabeth  present at Elizabeth  hearinghearing

Strongly against Strongly against witches, condemned witches, condemned themthem

in Superior Court of in Superior Court of Judicature (after Oyer Judicature (after Oyer dissolved)dissolved)

Died at 77 Died at 77

William StoughtonWilliam Stoughton Born in 1631Born in 1631

Military commander, Military commander, politician, and politician, and businessmanbusinessman

Attended Harvard – Attended Harvard – DivinityDivinity

Served as preacherServed as preacher

Chief Justice of Oyer and Chief Justice of Oyer and TerminerTerminer

Defended spectral Defended spectral evidenceevidence

William StoughtonWilliam Stoughton Vehemently wanted Vehemently wanted

convictionsconvictions

Violated many standard Violated many standard court rulescourt rules

Suffered little political Suffered little political damagedamage

1694 – Became Governor1694 – Became Governor

Refused to apologizeRefused to apologize

Died – July 7, 1701Died – July 7, 1701

Governor William PhipsGovernor William Phips Born – February 2, 1651Born – February 2, 1651

Ship carpentry Ship carpentry apprenticeapprentice

Late learnerLate learner

Trade captain – New Trade captain – New England & West IndiesEngland & West Indies

Found Spanish gold – Found Spanish gold – knightedknighted

First Governor of First Governor of Massachusetts (Cotton Massachusetts (Cotton Mather)Mather)

Governor William PhipsGovernor William Phips Set up Oyer and Set up Oyer and

TerminerTerminer

Kept in regular contact Kept in regular contact and commandand command

Lady Mary Phips (wife)Lady Mary Phips (wife)

October 1692 – changed October 1692 – changed court standardscourt standards

Dissolved Oyer and Dissolved Oyer and TerminerTerminer

Died – February 1693Died – February 1693

THE QUIZTHE QUIZ What did Judge Hathorne see as his main objective in his What did Judge Hathorne see as his main objective in his

interrogations?interrogations?

Which judge was the only judge to publicly apologize?Which judge was the only judge to publicly apologize?

Which judge had no formal law experience whatsoever?Which judge had no formal law experience whatsoever?

Which person had his wife pulled into the witch hunt?Which person had his wife pulled into the witch hunt?

Who was the accused witched that Stoughton would not let Who was the accused witched that Stoughton would not let be acquitted?be acquitted?

To convince people to confess

Samuel Sewall

William Stoughton

Governor William Phips

Rebecca Nurse

Works CitedWorks CitedArrington, Benjamin. Arrington, Benjamin. Municipal History of Essex County in MassachusettsMunicipal History of Essex County in Massachusetts. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing . New York: Lewis Historical Publishing

Co., 1922. Co., 1922.

Blumberg, Jess. " A Brief History of the Salem Witch Trials." Blumberg, Jess. " A Brief History of the Salem Witch Trials." Smithsonian.comSmithsonian.com. 24 Oct 2007. Smithsonian . 24 Oct 2007. Smithsonian Institution. 26 Nov 2007 <http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/brief-salem.html?Institution. 26 Nov 2007 <http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/brief-salem.html?c=y&page=1>. c=y&page=1>.

Champion, Claire. "Writing Salem: From Puritan Village to Witches Mecca."  Champion, Claire. "Writing Salem: From Puritan Village to Witches Mecca."  Writing PlaceWriting Place.  7 June 2007.  .  7 June 2007.  University of Sydney.  26 November 2007 <http://blogs.usyd.edu.au/writingplace/WritingUniversity of Sydney.  26 November 2007 <http://blogs.usyd.edu.au/writingplace/Writing%20%20Salem.doc>.%20%20Salem.doc>.

Dignan, Brendan.  "Governor, Sir William Phips."  Dignan, Brendan.  "Governor, Sir William Phips."  Salem Witch Trials: Documentary Archive and Transcription Salem Witch Trials: Documentary Archive and Transcription Project.Project.        2001.  University of Virginia.  29 November 2007 <http://www.iath.virginia.edu/salem/people/phips.html>.    2001.  University of Virginia.  29 November 2007 <http://www.iath.virginia.edu/salem/people/phips.html>.

Gribben, Mark. "The Magistrates." Gribben, Mark. "The Magistrates." Crime LibraryCrime Library. CourtTV. 26 Nov 2007 . CourtTV. 26 Nov 2007 <http://www.crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/not_guilty/salem_witches/4.html>. <http://www.crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/not_guilty/salem_witches/4.html>.

Hill, Frances.  Hill, Frances.  Such Men are Dangerous: The Fanatics of 1962 and 2004Such Men are Dangerous: The Fanatics of 1962 and 2004.  Massachusetts: Upper Access, Inc. Book .  Massachusetts: Upper Access, Inc. Book Publishers, 2004.Publishers, 2004.

"John Hathorne."  "John Hathorne."  The Salem Witchcraft Trials of 1692The Salem Witchcraft Trials of 1692.  University of Missouri-Kansas City.  26 November 2007  .  University of Missouri-Kansas City.  26 November 2007  <http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/SAL_BHAT.HTM>.<http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/SAL_BHAT.HTM>.

Kirk, Devan.  "John Hathorne."  Kirk, Devan.  "John Hathorne."  Salem Witch Trials: Documentary Archive and Transcription Project.Salem Witch Trials: Documentary Archive and Transcription Project.  2001.    2001.  University of Virginia.  26 November 2007 < http://iath.virginia.edu/salem/people/j_hathorne.html>.University of Virginia.  26 November 2007 < http://iath.virginia.edu/salem/people/j_hathorne.html>.

Mayer, Kelly. "Governor, Sir William Phips" Mayer, Kelly. "Governor, Sir William Phips" Salem Witch Trials Important PersonsSalem Witch Trials Important Persons. .     The University of Virginia. 29 Nov 2007 <http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu>.     The University of Virginia. 29 Nov 2007 <http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu>.

Moody, Robert. Moody, Robert. The Saltonstall Papers, Vol. I: 1607-1789The Saltonstall Papers, Vol. I: 1607-1789

Mulford, Carla.  "Samuel Sewall (1652-1730)."  Georgetown University.  27 November 2007 Mulford, Carla.  "Samuel Sewall (1652-1730)."  Georgetown University.  27 November 2007 <http://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/bassr/heath/syllabuild/iguide/sewall.html>. <http://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/bassr/heath/syllabuild/iguide/sewall.html>.

Works Cited, Cont.Works Cited, Cont.Roach, Marilynne K. Roach, Marilynne K. The Salem Witch TrialsThe Salem Witch Trials

"Samuel Sewall."  "Samuel Sewall."  The Salem Witchcraft Trials of 1692The Salem Witchcraft Trials of 1692.  University of Missouri-Kansas City.  26 November .  University of Missouri-Kansas City.  26 November 2007 < http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/SAL_BSEW.HTM>. 2007 < http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/SAL_BSEW.HTM>.

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"Sir William Phips (1651-1695)." "Sir William Phips (1651-1695)." Governors of Massachusetts.Governors of Massachusetts.     Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 29 November 2007. <http://www.mass.gov/>.     Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 29 November 2007. <http://www.mass.gov/>.

““Sir William Phips."  Sir William Phips."  The Salem Witchcraft Trials of 1692The Salem Witchcraft Trials of 1692.  University of Missouri-Kansas City.  .  University of Missouri-Kansas City.      29 November 2007 <http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/SAL_BPHI.HTM>.    29 November 2007 <http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/SAL_BPHI.HTM>.

Sutter, Tim. "Salem Witch Trials Timeline." Sutter, Tim. "Salem Witch Trials Timeline." Salem Witch TrialsSalem Witch Trials. Siteclopedia Network. 26 Nov 2007 . Siteclopedia Network. 26 Nov 2007 <http://www.salemwitchtrials.com/timeline.html>. <http://www.salemwitchtrials.com/timeline.html>.

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"William Stoughton (1631-1701)." "William Stoughton (1631-1701)." Governors of Massachusetts.Governors of Massachusetts.     Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 29 November 2007. <http://www.mass.gov/>.     Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 29 November 2007. <http://www.mass.gov/>.

"William Stoughton."  "William Stoughton."  The Salem Witchcraft Trials of 1692The Salem Witchcraft Trials of 1692.  University of Missouri-Kansas City.  .  University of Missouri-Kansas City.      29 November 2007 < http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/SAL_BSTO.HTM>.    29 November 2007 < http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/SAL_BSTO.HTM>.

Zeveloff, Julie. "William Stoughton: Chief Justice of the Court of Oyer and Terminer." Zeveloff, Julie. "William Stoughton: Chief Justice of the Court of Oyer and Terminer." Salem Witch Trials Salem Witch Trials Important PersonsImportant Persons. The University of Virginia. 29 Nov 2007 <http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu>. . The University of Virginia. 29 Nov 2007 <http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu>.