the journey of contemplation on going … · virtue of humility. second lessonavarice it is the...
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THE JOURNEY
OF
CONTEMPLATION
ON GOING
CONTEMPLATIVE
FORMATION
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*THEME: SIN AND ITS
EFFECTS IN
CONTEMPLATIVE LIFE
FIRST LESSON
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DEFINITION1. Sin is an offense against
reason.
2. Sin is an offense against Truth
3. Sin is an offense against Right
Conscience.
4. Sin is failure in genuine love for
God and neighbour caused by
perverse attachment to certain
things.
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DEFINITION5. Sin is an offense against
God.
6. Sin is a disobedience, a
revolt against God through
the will to become like gods.
7. Sin is love of oneself even
to the contempt of God.
(Cf. CCC 1849-1850)
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8. Sin is deed contrary to eternal law. 9. Sin is utterance contrary to eternal law. 10.Sin is desire contrary to eternal law. [NOTE: Eternal law is the wisdom of God that governs the whole universe.]
DEFINITION
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SIN AND GUILT
The concept of sin is closely related to that of guilt.
Sin always involves moral guilt, and moral guilt always presupposes sin.
Both always coexist together. Sin expresses that a wrongful
act is morally evil and an offense against God.
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SIN AND GUILT
Guilt on the other hand denotes the fact that a person is liable for the evil he has done and that it is attributed to him/her as the responsible agent.
[NOTE: Moral guilt should be distinguished from guilt feeling, resulting from wrong education and social taboos.]
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THE SCRIPTURE AND THE
NATURE OF SIN OLD TESTAMENT: Sin as transgression. Lev. 26:14-39,
Deut. 11:26-28, Deut. 28:15 Sin barricade our prayers. Isaiah
59:1-2 Sin as hatred towards God Ex. 20:5,
Deut. 5:9, Ps 139:21 Sin as an Ingratitude. Is 1:2-4,
Jer. 3:19-25, Jer. 16: 10-13, Ez 16:59
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THE SCRIPTURE AND THE NATURE OF SIN
NEW TESTAMENT: Sin begins in the heart. Mk. 7:1-23, Mt.
23:25, Sin is an offense against love. Lk 7:47,
1 Jn 4:7,26 Sin as refusal of light. Jn 3:19, 1
Jn 2:8-11, Eph 5:14-18 Sin as refusal of Truth. Jn 8:44, Rom
1:18,25 Sin as lawlessness. 2Thes 2:3,8; 1Jn 3:4
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THE SCRIPTURE AND THE NATURE OF SIN
NEW TESTAMENT cont.:
Sin as disobedience against God. Rom. 11:30-32, Eph. 5:6,
Sin as denial of Glorification due to God. Rom 1:18-32, Rom 8:7, Rom 5:10-12, Eph 2:1,4, Col 1:21
Sinners are excluded from the Kingdom of God. 1 Cor 6:9, Gal 5:19-21
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THE SCRIPTURE AND THE NATURE OF SIN
NEW TESTAMENT:
The Christian ought to be a Temple of the Holy Spirit, but sin desecrated it and that is why it is so abject. 1 Cor. 3:16f, 1 Cor 6:19f
Sin as unbelief towards the messianic mission of Jesus. Jn 3:18; 12:37-50; 16:8-10
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THE EFFECTS SIN
It wounds the nature of man.
Sin injures human solidarity.
Sin divides man within himself.(Gaudium Et spes 13)
Sin lowers the dignity of man.
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THE TRIPLE INJURY OF SIN An injury against the
sinners himself. An injury against fellow
men. An injury against God. Objectively, these triple injury is always effected in every sin.
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THE INHERENT CONTRADICTION OF SIN
The possibility of sin lies in the character of man’s free will.
In his free will; man strives after the good.
Man is so bent on the good that even where he wants to do evil, he do it only under the appearance of good.
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TRUE GOOD AND ILLUSORY GOOD
Good is always encountered in the particular good.
Man/Woman can regard the true good as less valuable and prefer a lesser or illusory good, even though he knows in the depth of his conscience that it is only a transitory, and not real lasting good.
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TRUE GOOD AND ILLUSORY GOOD
The reason is simply that the finite reason and will of man cannot grasp the infinite good fully and completely. Hence, man/woman
deceives him/herself.
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EXERCISE
READ HOSEA 1-3 Meditate and mirror your entire life on earth with these passages and compose a prayer of forgiveness suitable for your state.
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SECOND LESSON
CLASSIFICATION OF SINS
In the practical
judgment, everybody
knows that not all sins
are of the same gravity.
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SECOND LESSON
Some sins are said to
bring about a radical
breaking with God and
loss of Divine favour.
Deut 27:15-26, Ez 18:10-
18, Lev 18:6-23
THE IDEA OF
CLASSIFICATION OF SINS
IN THE OLD TESTAMENT
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SECOND LESSON
Some sins that receive a
mild judgement that can
be atoned for by rules of
purification or good
work. Lev. 4: 1-end.
THE IDEA OF
CLASSIFICATION OF SINS
IN THE OLD TESTAMENT
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SECOND LESSON
Serious sins which
deserves death. Rom
1:28-32, 1Jn 3:14f.
Sins that deprive one
heaven. 1Cor 6:9f. Gal
5: 19-21, Eph 5:3-5,
Rev.22:15.
CLASSIFICATION OF SINS
IN THE NEW TESTAMENT
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SECOND LESSON CLASSIFICATION OF SINS
IN THE NEW TESTAMENT
Sin against the Holy
Spirit Mk 3:29.
Mortal sin (hardening of
the heart and refusal of
faith) 1 Jn 5: 16f.
Sin unto death and sin
not unto death 1Jn 5:17.
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SECOND LESSON MORTAL AND VENIAL SIN
From the old and New
Testament we can boldly
classify sin into mortal and
venial sin.
The Council of Trent declares
that all mortal sins must be
confessed, because those who
are guilty of such sins are
“children of wrath”. (Eph. 2:3).
(DS 1650).
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SECOND LESSON MORTAL AND VENIAL SIN
Venial sins do not
destroy the state
of grace. (DS
1537)
Note: DS=Denzinger
Schonmetzer
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SECOND LESSON SUMMARY
We commit a mortal sin when we
transgress God’s law in an
important matter with full
advertence and with a wholly free
will.
We commit a venial sin.
1. When we transgress God’s law in a
small thing.
2. When we transgress God’s law in
an important thing, but without full
knowledge or without full freedom
of the will.
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SECOND LESSON THE SINS THAT AFFECT THE
CONTEMPLATIVE LIFE MOST
The sins that
affect the life of
contemplation the
most are called
internal sins.
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SECOND LESSON THE SINS THAT AFFECT THE
CONTEMPLATIVE LIFE MOST
We can group them into four
parts:
• Mental complacency in sinful
imagination.
• Sinful joy in an accomplished
evil deed, be it one’s own or
another person’s sin and sinful
regret of not having performed
an evil deeds.
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SECOND LESSON THE SINS THAT
AFFECT THE
CONTEMPLATIVE LIFE
MOST
Evil Desires
Prejudice or bias
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SECOND LESSON MENTAL COMPLACENCY
Mental complacency in sinful
imaginations takes pleasure
in sinful fantasies and
thought without the desire
to bring them into act.
This is different from
“intellectual preoccupation”
Eg. Duty of physician,
counsellor or confessor.
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SECOND LESSON SINFUL JOY/ SINFUL
REGRET
Sinful joy in an
accomplished evil deed, be
it one’s own or another
person’s sin, and sinful
regret of not having
performed an evil deeds are
sinful themselves.
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SECOND LESSON
EVIL DESIRE
Evil desire is
the wish to
perform a
sinful action.
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SECOND LESSON PREJUDICE OR BIAS
This is the tendency to
eliminate from one’s
consideration and
decision data which
are perceived to be a
potential threat to
one’s well-being.
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SECOND LESSON PREJUDICE OR BIAS
We have individual bias and
group bias.
The Effects of bias
Racism
Imperialism
Sexism
Unjust Social
Structure
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SECOND LESSON THE CAPITAL SINS
They are the root of
many other sins.
They are: pride,
avarice, envy, lust,
gluttony, sloth and
anger.
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SECOND LESSON PRIDE OR VAINGLORY
It is inordinate
desire of honour,
distinction and
independence. It is
opposed to the
virtue of humility.
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SECOND LESSON AVARICE
It is the inordinate
pursuit of material
goods and is
contrary to the
virtue of liberality
and equity.
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SECOND LESSON ENVY
It is discontent over the
good of one’s neighbour
which is considered as
a detriment to one’s
own person. It is
offense against
brotherhood and
magnanimity.
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SECOND LESSON LUST
It is the
inordinate craving
for sexual
gratification and
is against the
virtue of chastity.
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SECOND LESSON GLUTTONY
It is excessive
enjoyment of food
and drink, the
opposite virtues are
temperance and
sobriety.
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SECOND LESSON ANGER
It is the intemperate
outburst of dislike
with the inordinate
desire for another’s
punishment. It is
contrary to patience
and meekness.
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SECOND LESSON SLOTH
Sloth in the wider sense is
laziness and is opposed to
diligence.
In the narrower sense, it
means spiritual sloth, a turning
away from spiritual things
because of the effort which
they require. It contradicts the
virtues of piety and love of
God.
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NOTE
“The mental pleasure in
good deeds, the joy at
the good done (by
oneself or others), and
the desire to imitate and
to do the good are ways
to engraft the good in
one’s heart.”
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THIRD LESSON
THE JOURNEY TO TRUE
FREEDOM
Sin in its multiform appearance
is frightful, threatening reality.
Its vanquishing seems an
insurmountable task.
But our hope of victory has
become a reality in Jesus Christ.
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The freedom of man
is centred on man
as rational being
and man’s dignity as
a person.
Man’s Freedom
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God created man a
rational being,
conferring on him the
dignity of a person who
can initiate and control
his own action.[CCC
1730]
Man’s Freedom
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God willed that man should
be left in the hand of his
own counsel, so that he
might of his own accord
seek his creator and freely
attain his full and blessed
perfection by cleaving to
him. [GS 17]
Man’s Freedom
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Freedom is the
power rooted in
reason and will to
perform deliberate
action on one’s own
responsibility.
What is
Freedom?
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Human freedom is a
force for growth and
maturity in truth and
goodness – It attains its
perfection when directed
towards God our
happiness.
What is
Freedom?
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The more one does what
is good, the freer one
becomes.
There is no true
freedom except in the
service of what is good
and just.
What is
Freedom?
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The choice to
disobey and do evil
is an abuse of
freedom and leads
to “the slavery of
sin”.
What is
Freedom?
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Conversion.
Knowledge of the
Good or good/Being
or being.
Grace.
Virtue.
FOUR STEPS TO TRUE
FREEDOM
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A call to conversion is
a joyful message to
the sinner.
• It is an invitation to
return to the home of
his Father.
CONVERSION
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• Conversion is the
means for recovery from
the sickness of sin.
• Conversion is the way
to salvation. Repent, for
the kingdom of God is
at hand (Mt 4:17).
CONVERSION
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Fasting: 1 Sam 7:6, 2 Sam
12:6, Jonah3:7
Wearing of Sackcloth and
sitting in ashes: 2Kg 19:1-
end, Is 22:12, Is 58:5, Jonah
3:5-8.
Washings: Nu 8:7, Nu 19:7-
10.
External Sign of Conversion
in the Old Testament
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God delight in the sincerity of
heart. Ps 51:6
The wedding garment as
internal conversion. Mt 22:11-13.
Penitent woman: Lk 7:36-50
Conversion of Zaccaeus: Lk
19:5-9.
The Prophet Revealed the
Incompleteness of External
Conversion and Called us for
Internal Conversion
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True conversion is
achieved when the
external sign of
conversion is a
manifestation of a
broken heart of
internal conversion
NOTE:
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Repentance of past evil
deeds.
Reconciliation and
forgiveness.
Journey from Human will to
the will of God.
Dying and Rising to New
man.
Concrete actions in the
Journey to True Conversion
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Returning to the
Father
Lk 15:11-24,
Dan 9:4-19
REPENTANCE OF
PAST EVIL DEEDS
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Reconcile and forgive
yourself with yourself.
Reconcile and forgive
yourself with one
another.
Reconcile and forgive
yourself with God.
RECONCILIATION AND
FORGIVENESS
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Knowledge of the evil of
human will.
Knowledge of the freedom
and sweetness of the Divine
will.
1st . God
2nd
. Other Order of Preference.
3rd
.Oneself
JOURNEY FROM HUMAN
WILL TO THE WILL OF GOD
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Fear of doing ones
will.
Dying to ones will.
Leaving/surviving
only on the will of
God.
JOURNEY FROM HUMAN
WILL TO THE WILL OF GOD
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Dying is humility.
Dying is to be crushed, to be
trampled underfoot, to be
nurtured and to be purified.
Dying is to overcome the
weakness of cultural
influence, temperament and
strong evil habit.
Rising to New man is to
become another Christ.
DYING AND RISING TO NEW MAN
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FOURTH LESSON
KNOWLEDGE OF THE
GOOD/BEING
“Teacher, what Good
must I do…?”. [Mt
19:16-21]
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THREE MAJOR
DIVISION OF BEING
THE BEING WHICH HAS NO
BEGINNING AND NO END;
NAMELY – GOD.
THE BEING WHICH HAS
BEGINNING AND NO END;
NAMELY – ANGELS AND SOULS.
THE BEING WHICH HAS
BEGINNING AND END; NAMELY –
ANIMAL/MAN, MATTER, ETC.
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THE CREATURE CALLED MAN
In the beginning, God created man in
His own image…male and female He
created them.
In creating man, male and female,
God created a being inwardly
capable of receiving our Lord’s own
divine life.
God cannot become incarnate in a
pig or cow or ape because these
creatures of His are not inwardly
capable of being divinized.
The divine image is present in every
man.
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THE COMPOSITION
OF MAN
Man, though made of
body and soul is a
unity.
Hence, man is a
composite of body
and soul.
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THE BODY
The body sums up in man all the
element of the material world.
Man attains perfection in the
struggle of the body.
In body, we give a fitting praise
to God.
Hence, we are obliged to regard
our body as good and to hold it in
honour since God has created it
and will raise it up on the last
day.
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THE BODY
Again, man has been
wounded by sin and he finds
by experience that his body
is in revolt.
Now, his very dignity
requires that he should
glorify God in his body; and
not allow it to serve the evil
inclinations of his heart.
GS. 14
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THE SOUL
The soul is the principle of life in
a being.
In sacred scripture, the term
soul often refers to human life or
the entire human person. Gen. 2:7,
Mt 16:25-26, Jn 15:13, Acts 2:41.
The soul is the innermost aspect
of man, that which is of greatest
value in him, that by which he is
most especially in God’s image.
CCC 363.
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THE SOUL
Sometimes the soul is
distinguished from the
spirit. 1Thes 5:23.
The church teaches that
this distinction does not
introduce a duality into the
soul.
[CCC 367, Cf. Council of
Constantinople IV]
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THE SOUL AS FORM OF
THE BODY
The unity of soul and body is so
profound that one has to consider
the soul to be the form of the body.
This means that it is because of its
spiritual soul that the body made
of matter becomes a living human
body.
Note: Spirit and matter in man are
not two natures united, but rather
their union form a single nature.
CCC 365
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THREE KINDS OF
HUMAN DIGNITY
Dignity as being
created by God.
Dignity as intellectual /
free being.
Dignity as a child of
God.
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THE ULTIMATE
PURPOSE
Since the origin of man is in
God, man has also in God his
ultimate purpose.
Man is created for God’s
glory. Is 43:7, Is 42:12, Jer
13:16, Mal 2:2.
Man is created for fellowship
with God. Ps 84:10
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THE ULTIMATE PURPOSE
Man is created for the
Glorification of the Father
in Heaven. Jn 8:49, Jn
15:8, Lk 2:14, 1Cor 10:31,
Eph 1:12, Col 3:17.
The Church join all men in
this act of Glorifying God.
Phil 4:20, Eph 3:20, 1 Tim
1:17, Jude 1:25.
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THE ULTIMATE PURPOSE
God created man for the
Kingdom. Mt 13:44-46, Mt
22:1-14, Mt 25:1-12, Lk
11:2.
God create man a sojourn
(Strangers and pilgrims
here on earth). 2 Cor 5:8,
Phi 3:20, Heb 11:13-16, Col
1:15-20.
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THE ULTIMATE PURPOSE
The city of man is
the New Jerusalem.
Rev. 21:2-10,
2Pet3:12
The New city is
here and within us.
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EXERCISE
Open your bible and
identify at least 3 places
where the scripture
speaks about the
kingdom within or the
kingdom here and now.
Write down the
quotations.
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FIFTH LESSON
KNOWLEDGE OF THE
BEING/GOOD
THE FREE CHIOCE OF
MAN
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THE FREE CHOICE OF MAN
A central truth of Christian
revelation is that human person
created in the image and likeness
of God has the power of free
choice.
In order to create a being to
whom he could give his own life,
God created persons (Angels and
humans) who has the power to
make or break their lives by their
own free choice.
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THE FREE CHOICE
OF MAN
Persons are of themselves
in their own power or
dominion.
The reality of free choice
so central to the biblical
understanding of man is
stated in Sir 15:11-20.
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HUMAN ACT / ACT OF MAN
Human acts (actus humani) are
actions that proceed from insight
into the nature and purpose of
one’s doing and from the consent
of free will.
Human acts are acts which
proceed from insight and free
will.
Acts of man (Actus homonis) are
acts performed without the
intervention intellect and free will.
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HUMAN ACT / ACT OF MAN
Acts of man is mere what
happened to a person.
Hence, human action is the
adoption of choice of some
intelligible proposal and the
execution of this choice through
some exterior acts.
I become an adulterer when I look
at a woman with lust, when I
adopt by choice the proposal to
commit the act. Mt 5:28.
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IN FREE CHOICE WE BECOME OUR
OWN PARENTS AND IN CERTAIN
WAY CREATE OURSELVES
All things subject to change and
becoming never remain constant, but
continually pass from our own state
to another, for better or worse…
Now, human life is always subject to
change; it needs to be born ever
anew… But here birth does not come
about by foreign intervention, as with
the case with bodily beings… It is
the result of free choice.
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IN FREE CHOICE WE BECOME
OUR OWN PARENTS AND IN
CERTAIN WAY CREATE
OURSELVES
Thus, we in certain way are
our own parents creating
ourselves as we will, by our
decisions.
[Cited in V.S 71, but from St.
Gregory of Nyssa: De vita
Moysis, II; 2-3]
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ST. THOMAS ON FREE
CHOICE
St. Thomas put the matter: It
is only through free choice
that human persons are
masters of their own actions
and in this way beings made
in the image and likeness of
God.
[Summa Theologiae: 1-2 prologue.]
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POPE ST. JOHN PAUL II ON
FREE CHOICE
St. Pope John Paul II posits that,
“Freedom is not only the choice of
one or another particular action;
it is also within that choice a
decision about oneself and a
setting of one’s own life for or
against the Good, for or against
the Truth, and ultimately for or
against God”.
[Veritatis Splendor, no. 65]
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FREEDOM OF THE WILL IN
THE HOLY SCRIPTURE
OLD TESTAMENT:
God created man in freedom. Sir
15:14f,
Man has the freedom of choosing
from Good and evil. Deut. 30:15-
20.
God warns man not to abuse the
freedom. Is 1:19f; Jer. 11:6-8; Ez
18:21-28.
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FREEDOM OF THE WILL IN
THE HOLY SCRIPTURE
NEW TESTAMENT:
Jesus wept for the abuse of
freedom. Mt 23:37.
Man will reap the fruit of his
freedom. Mt 16:24; Mt 25: 31-
46.
Man will be judged according
to his deeds. 2 Cor 5:10, Gal
6:7f
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FREEDOM AND MORALITY
Freedom makes man a moral
subject.
THE SOURCE OF MORALITY
The morality of human acts
depends on:
The Object
The end in view or intension.
The circumstances of the
action.
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FREEDOM AND MORALITY
The Object of the human act is
that effect which an action
primarily and directly causes. (finis
operis).
The circumstances are particulars
of the concrete human act which
are not necessarily connected
with its objects.
The end of the purpose (finis
operatis) is the reason for which
the agent undertake an act.
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THE DIGNITY OF THE INTELLECT,
OF TRUTH, AND OF WISDOM
Man, as sharing in the light of the
divine mind, rightly affirms that by his
intellect he surpasses the world of
mere things.
The Testimony of Science and
discovery proof this fact.
The intellectual nature of man finds at
last its perfection, as it should, in
wisdom.
Wisdom gently draws the human mind
to look for and to love what is true
and good.
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THE DIGNITY FO THE INTELLECT,
OF TRUTH, AND OF WISDOM
Filled with wisdom man is
led through visible realities
to those which cannot be
seen.
Hence, it is by the gift of the
Holy Spirit that man through
faith come to contemplate
and savour the mystery of
God’s design.
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EXERCISE
Recall a situation in your life,
where you are not free to do
what you want.
What parts of your being suffers
most during those times your
freedom is restricted.
Is it possible to avert this pain?
Share your life story with your
best friend here.
Listen to his/her Admonition.
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SIXTH LESSON
KNOWLEDGE OF THE GOOD/BEING
CONSCIENCE
Conscience is the judgement of
reason whereby the human
person recognises the moral
quality of a concrete act that he
is going to perform, is in process
of performing. CCC 1778.
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CONSCIENCE
Following Aquinas, conscience is
not a habitus, that is, a lasting
ontic quality of man.
Conscience is Actus, an event in
execution.
Conscience can be regarded as
anamnesis or synderesis in the
ancient and scholastic era.
Anamnesis (synderesis) is
described as an inner repugnance
to evil and attraction to the good.
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THREE ACTS OF
THE CONSCIENCE
RECOGNISING
BEARING WITNESS
JUDGING
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HOLY SCRIPTURE AND
CONSCIENCE
OLD TESTAMENT
The word conscience, in Greek
syneidesis, is of Hellenistic
origin.
The word conscience did not
occur in the Old Testament
except for Wisdom 17:11.
The reality of conscience is
known and felt in many ways.
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HOLY SCRIPTURE AND
CONSCIENCE
Conscience denotes as mind or
heart: Ps 26:2, Jer 11:20, Jer
17:10, Jer 20:12, Gen 20:5, Ps
7:10, Ps 24:4, Jer 17:1, Jer 31:32.
The phenomenon of the
conscience which condemns man
after sin: Gen 3:7-10, Gen 4:9-14,
2 Sam 24:10.
Conscience which praises man
for his justice: Job 27:6, Ps 17:3.
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HOLY SCRIPTURE AND
CONSCIENCE
NEW TESTAMENT:
Conscience is the light in man:
Mt 6:23, Lk 11:36.
Conscience as heart that
condemns or reassures a person:
1Jn 3:19-21.
St. Paul borrows the Greek word
(syneidesis): 2Cor 4:2, 2Cor 5:11,
Rom 13:5.
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HOLY SCRIPTURE AND CONSCIENCE
Conscience as witness: Rom
2:15, Rom 9:1, 2Cor 1:12, 1Cor
8:7-13, Cf. 1Cor 10:23-30.
The phenomenon of the
conscience which condemns
man after sin: Gen 3:7-10, Gen
4:9-14, 2 Sam 24:10.
Conscience which praises
man for his justice: Job 27:6,
Ps 17:3.
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HOLY SCRIPTURE AND
CONSCIENCE
Conscience as accessory
and defending thought: 2Cor
1:12, Rom 2:15.
Pure conscience: Acts
24:16, 1Tim 3:9, 2Tim 1:3.
Good conscience: Acts 23:1.
Corrupt conscience: Tit
1:15.
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THE GOAL OF THIS
LESSON ON CONSCIENCE
The aim of this formation of
conscience is to awake:
Love that issues from pure
heart,
Love that issues from good
conscience.
Love that issues from sincere
faith.
1Tim 1:5, Cf. 1Tim 1:8f, 1Tim 3:9
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CONSCIENCE REVEALS THE
NATURAL LAW
Deep within his conscience, man
discovers a law which he has not
laid upon himself but which he
must obey.
Its voice ever calling him to love
and to do what is good and to
avoid evil.
His dignity lies in observing this
law and through it he will be
judged. GS 16
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CONSCIENCE IS THE INNER
SANCTUARY OF MAN
Conscience is man’s most
sacred core and his sanctuary.
There he is alone with God
whose voice echoes in his
depth.
The more a correct conscience
prevails, the more do persons
and groups turn aside from
blind choice.