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rssN ol43-8840_OThe Journal ofTransient Aerial Phenomena

Septernl>er 1- gAz Vol ume E No - i-

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fubfdr.d by th. Eriti.h Unidontitixl Flyang Oticct Bcurch Arocirtion

THE JOURNAT OF TRANSIENT AERIAI. PHE!iOI{EIiADevoted to the scientific study of unusual aerjal phenorena.

Septernber f- gaz

Published by : THE BRITISH UNIDENTIFIEI)ASSOCTATI0N (BUFORA Ltd)

Volrlrne 5 No

FLYING OBJECT RESEIRCH

1

Editor*in-'Chief: S.J. Ganble, llSc, ITIMLS, lllST, FtsIS, FRAS

Editorial Board: R.S. Digby, R.J. Lindsey, , A. llest

Cou_q!_llaLtg: Richard Beet, I{AIE(Dip), FRAS, FBISJ.G. Shaw, LBIPP

The JoURNAL OF TRANSIENT AtsRIAL, PHENOMENA is publisbed in !{arch andSeptember each year by the British Unidentified Plying Object ResearihAssoc-i ation Ltd..Chairman-: Arno-td West

Editorial enquiries should be addressed to the Editor-in-Chief (J-TAP),40 Jones Drove, Whittlesey, Peterborough, PE? 2Hh'. The EDITORIAL BOARD

will be glad to consider contributions fron any source. The Board ray seekadvice on the suitability of contributions for publication fror externalrefereers. For guidance please refer to the inside back coser of thispublication. No guarantee of publication can be given. The viers expressedby contributors are not necessarily those of the Editorial Board or BUFORA.

Single copies of material from this issue of the Journal of TransientAerjal Phenomena nay be reproduced for personal, non-corrercial use.Permisslon to reproduce aII or part of any page must be obtained fros theEditor-in-Chierf at the address above. Copyright is reserved by BtFORA Ltd.

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EDITORIAL

FORTY YEARS ON

S.J.Gamb1e, Director of Research.

r start to write this editorial just a few days after theFourth London rnternational uFO congress. This was a gatheringof researchers and investigators from all around the wor1d.rli-" ye?xs- congress was signif icant on two counts. Firstly,although the Congress waq organised by a cornpletly seperateorganisation, it marked twenty five years or gtjrong, andsecondly, and perhaps more importantly, it marks forty yearssince Lhe famous_report of Kenneth Arnold. Apart from "fihd:_ngfriends in far off countries with a similar interest, have 16learnt anything in those forty years ?

Kenneth Arnold'stook place onJune 1947.

werespacecraft.

unfamiliar with it, a detaileddiscussion of this reportappears in the book recentlypubl ished by BUFOR.A to markfglty years of modern UF0logy( 1 ). Are we any nearer findin!out what it was Arnold saw allthose 'year s ago, and what itis that has been reported bymany people since ?

In the early days of modernUFOloBy, when it was a newinterest to people there werevery few reports on which tobase explanations and thosereports that did exist werepoorly investigated by the newbreed of enthusiasts. Despitethe lack of evidence it wassoon widely believed that thesaucer shaped objects ( socalled 'Flying Saucers' )reported by Arnold and others

'sighting'Tuesday 24thFor those

extraterres tr ia1

the supporters of the ETH, butI would submit, after fortyyears they still are searchingfor the definate proof.

In the forty years we havelearnt how to inves t igatereports more ful1y and toconsider other theories. Onespeaker at the Congress wasSteuart Campbel1, a regularcontributor to JTAP. Severalyears ago Steuart was asupporter of the view that allUFO's could be explained asball lightning. Having adopredthis hypothesis he setout tosee if the evidence supportedit. After a number of years hedecided that ball lightning didnot expl ain UFO cases andadopted an a1 ternativehypothesis.

The alternative hypothesis thathe adopted was that UFO's couldbe explained by mirages. Indeedin this issue he presents whathe feels is an explanation fora complex case (2). I make noclaims for the correctness orotherwise of Steuart's view.Indeeci unless otherwise statedthe views expressed in anyarticle are those of the authoralone and not necess arLly ofthe Editor, Editorial board orBUFORA. The position I amsupporting, however, is that of

starts volume 5 of JTAP)

Since those days we havelearnt somethings. Firstly wehave learnt that not all UFO'sare saucer shaped. Secondly,we have learnt that there isno straight forward simpleexplanation like all UFO's areextraterrestrial spacecraft.There are, of course, sti11

(PLEASE NOTE : This issue

Journal of Transient Aerial Phenomena, September 1987 Page 1

Editorial cont

allowing Steuart (or anybody-else) to offer their ideas fordebate and scientificchal 1enge.

I know that a number of peoplefind Steuart's mirage theoryunacceptable, but so farnobody has come forward todemonstrate any of it's f1aws.If the theory is unsuitable,then the objections musL bebased on fact and a case todisprove the theory can bemade. If the objections arenot based on fact but just donot fit with somebodyelse'spet theory then they should bedisregarded. Present me with ac1ear, well argued caseagainst the mirage hypothesisand I will publish it.But to get back to my maintheme, what have we learnt inforty years? We have learntthat there is no s imp 1eexplanation for UFO events.Instead of just one theory(the ETH) we now have a widerange of theories on offer.But is the psychic theory, orthe psychological, or theearthl ights or the ba1 1

lightning theory any

country. Just as ::.:of BUFORA allowec ::-=of ideas within ::e -formation of ICL3. t:-extended the -=international :: -BUFORA, in the ic::.Hill and Tony Fa:e, :of groundwork -:.everybody toge ::.e:initial meeting.

The birth of --:with the f ormat t-f :.was de s ignedinternat ionaljournal. Perhaps -therefore that a:meeting ICUR haspubl ish note sactivities in bot::MUFON Journal. Ove:we hope to be ablethe expansion ofinternat ionalvehicle.

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moreacceptable than the miragetheory. It is my opinion thatfor any problem, if there aremore than three pos s ibleexplanations then we just donot know Lhe answer.

Despite all the gloom, I do ,however, feel that we aremaking some, allbeit s1ow,progress forward. I mentionedabove the formation of BUFORAtwenty five years ago and ofit's international contacts.These are areas where someprogress has been made.Instead of interested peopleworking alone or together withone or two friends, theformation of BUFORA allowedthem to share ideas and casehistories with other 1 ike

In addition to :eZ':'-.:news, a further stef, :-::.road is the inclusio: -:.issue of abstracts i:l:-- sthe papers presen:ec =

recent International Cc:.It is the function of --3to publ ish preceec-:tsmeetings as well as o:papers. It is only D:.-

the published work ofand adding the results c:own research to these fithat we can move forwarturn, of course, wepublish our own resultfacilitate the work ofresearchers.

In forty years time we may knowwhat UFOs are, but will they beany less interesting?

REFERENCES

1 ) UFOs 1947 -1987 . Edited byHilary Evans & John Spencer.Fortean Tomes, London.

S. (1987) TheUFO explained.minded people throughout the

aL.Journal of Transient Aerial Phenomena, September 1987 Page

ABSTRACTS FROM THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL UFO CONGRESS

The Fourth International UFOCongress was held at theLondon Business School betweenFriday 1Oth July and SundayI2tln July 1987. A wide rangeof papers was presented byspeakers from a variety ofcountries. It is hoped that areporL of the event will becarried by the BUFORABULLETIN.

Here we present abstracts ofsome of the papers. It ishoped that the full versionsof these papers will bepublished in the near future.

Title :UFOsAYorkshireViewpoint

Speaker: Phillip Mantle (UK)

Abstract:The county of Yorkshire hasmany things, from industry tobeautiful scenery, frommilitary establishments toancient stone circles. Inshort, Yorkshire has a bit ofeverything.

One thing that Yorkshire has,and has ahd for quite sometime, is the reportedsightings of unidentifiedflying objects. For at leastten years now, and probably a1ot longer r BD above averagenumber of UFO incidents havebeen regul arly reported tovarious UFO organisations inthe region.

Tn certain areas in Yorkshirea gxeat variety of incidentshave been reported, and it isquite clear to researchers inthe area that something quiteunique has been happening.From simple ba11s of light tothe alleged landing of solidnuts - and-bo1 ts vehic 1e scomplete with occupants,Yorkshire has seen it all.

Photographic evidence has also

emanated from the area, somefakes, some misidentifications,some simply perplexing, andsome quite unidentified. Toinform everyone present aboutthe happenings in Yorkshirewould take far longer than theone hour allocated to me, but Ihope that I can give an overallview of some of the mostperplexing incidents fromYorkshire and show some, if notall ofevidenceacquired.

the photographicthat has been

Whatever happens, I am surethat by the end of my paper, Iwill leave everyone in no doubtthat as far as UFOs areconcerned, Yorkshire is theplace to be.

Title : Cash-Landrum Case

Speaker : Walter H. Andrus Jr.Abstract:A slide illustrated lecture onthe important "Cash-LandrumCase" that occurred nearHuffman, Texas on December29th, 1980 . It receivedexposure in England via themagazine "The Unexplained" in aseries of articles by John F.Schuessler, our (MUFON) DeputyDirectorinvestigator.

and prime

Title : UNICAT Project

Speaker : Dr. Wi11y Smith

Abstarct:From the beginning of L987 thedata base contains 600 casesfor which all the pertinentparameters have been enteredand which are available forstatistical studies.

300 of those cases have beenrevised during the last year,i.e. the information has beenupdated andlor new information

Journal of TransienL Aerial Phenomena, September 1987 Page 3.

Abstracts cont

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Dr.Wi11y Smith of the UNICAT Project at the Congress

Journal of Transient Aerial Phenomena, September 1987 Page 4.

Abstracts cont

Unicat project cont

has been added. A tentativecoefficent of strangeness hasbeen obtained for all thecases in the data base.Profiles for 130+ cases havebeen completed.

At this point, broadening ofthe data base by addition ofnew cases is paramount, and weurge our associates andcollaborators to send detailedinvestigation reports forconsideration.

Criteria for the selection ofCASCS

1 ) At least two witnesses.However, cases with a singlewitness (S!il) will be acceptedif this witnessunimpeachable, oradditional supporting evidenceexists.2) Cases have beeninvestigated by knownUFO1ogists, preferably withresults published in the1 iterature.

3) Unpublished cases or casesinvestigated by not-so-we11known researchers will beacceptable only if there is awritten report accessible tothe organisers of UNICAT, andif the original investigatorsare willing to provideadditional information.

4) The cases should contain atleast 10 of the parametersspecified by Dr. Hynek's 1ist,whi.ch at present contains 225repeatable characteristics ofthe UFO phenomenon. In orderto identify the pertinentparameters for a given case, arather detailed report ]-Snecessary, so in general acompact summary will not besufficient.

Objectives and accessdata base

to the

ISif

a) The main purpose inorganising UNICAT is to createa data base of high qualiry UFOcases, where I FOs andquestionable material have beeneliminated as much as possible.The data base is universal,i.e. efforts are being made toinclude cases from allcountries.

b) The data base will beaccessible to all qualifiedresearchers, free of charge forthose who have activelyco-operated in it's creation,(i.e. as soc iates andcollaborators).

c) The computerdirectly readablerequire the use ofThe software isfinding allcorrelations among the inputvariables, and a searchprocedure can be started fromany of the 255 fields.

Title : The ET Hypothesis :

Current Status andNext Steps

Speaker : Dr. A11en Tough

Abstract:This paper examines the currentstatus of the extraterrestrialhypothesis. Have advancedextraterrestrial beings visitedour planet during the past 40years ?

What sorts of evidence andscientific beliefs support a"yes" answer to this question?

What sorts of evidence andalternative explanationssuggest the answer is "no"?

This paper organises and verybriefly mentions the majorfacts and evidence for each.

output isand does notcode books.capable of

kinds of


Abstracts cont

The ET hypothesis cont

The concluding section of thepaper suggests severalprojects and strategies as ournext steps in studying theextraterrestrial hypothese .

What do we need to do now inorder to settle this questionone way or the other?

Some fresh approaches withinthe UFO field are suggested.

Title : Proposal for thecreation of an integratedg1oba1 network of UFOobservatories,

Speaker : T.R. Dutton

Abstract:It is claimed the the E.T.H.has now been replaced by averifiable theory.

The outcome of twenty year'sresearch, Dutton's OrbitalTheory links Close Encounteractivity with the behaviour ofextremely axtf icalEarth-satellites which, forshort periods of only a fewhours, circulate round theplanet with orbital periods of65 minutes in retrogrademotion.

The lecture begins with asummary of the main featuresof the Orbital Theory and anexplanation of it's practicalconsequences, emphasising thatthe theory can be tested bothby synthesis of reports dataand by direct observation.

It is then proposed that thecreation of an integratednetwork of dedicatedobservatories will benecessary to test Lheindications of the theoryadquately. After anexplanation of this proposal,

the foreseen operational dutiesand minimum staffing levels foreach observatory a'reforward for consideration.

Title : EarthlightsGeophysical Option.

Speaker : Paul Devereux

put

The

theof

Abstract:This illustrated ralk willbegin by identifying animportant but hithertooverlooked clue provided byKenneth Arnold's 1947 sighting.A brief outline of thedevelopment of the earthlightstheory, which proposes thatmany UFOs are remarkable energyphenomena from earth, will thenbe given, followed by a reviewof a variety of lights in thelandscape, which will includesome new material;laboratory productionearthlight type phenomena, withthe latest findings andimpl ications ;overview of

an updatedthe possible

relationship of certain kindsof prehistoric sites with areasprone to earthlight production;an introduction to the possiblepsychic effects of earthlightproduction, and a considerationof the nature of earthlightenergy. The presentation willconclude with a description ofthe "UF01ogica1 pie" in whichearthlights research will beplaced in the conLext of thewhole spectrum of UFOlogicalwork.

This will be the mostcomprehensive, informed and upto date account of earthlights/geophysical work yet presented.


Abstracts cont

Title : Rendlesham ForestNew Evidence.

Speakers z Harry Harris andMike Sacks

Abstract:The details of the involvementof Harry Harris and Mike Sacksin Rendlesham are asf o11ows : -

They were first alerted to thecase by Jenny Randles whosuggested that they contactBrenda Butler and Dot Streetwhich they did. Acting oninformation received they thenproceeded to contacL eyewitnesses to the Rendleshamincidents which resulted intheir being invited to thebase under some degree ofconfidential ity.Until now they have not feltthemselves free to reveal allthat they have heard and seen

Title : UFOs Can SeriouslyDamage Your Health.

Speaker : Jenny Randles

Abstract:This paper provides thegovernment health warning forclose encounter witnesseswhich the government refusesto give.

By way of case histories apattern of medical (orphysiological ) effects can bebuilt up. A level of quitesuprising consistency emergesand leads to ideas for theactual energy associated with

with regard to their cases withinvestigations into this casebut this is to be put torights at the BUFORA congressby revelations never before,so far as Harry and Mike areaware, made public.

what is going on purely interms of UAP (or naturalatmospheric phenomena) ? Or docases such as car-stops offerclues to more exotic andconventional UFOs beinginvolved in at least somecases ?

The problems of medicalexploration of cases is thenopen to review. What has beendone? What has not been done?What are the difficultiesinvolved in comprehensive studyof close encounter witnesses?

The second half of the paperexamines what we know aboutmedical effects, looking atprevious work in statisticallysurveying these phenomena. Forthis presentation of anentirely new s tat is ticalanalysis of 3052 British casesbetween L947 and 1987 has beenmade. This allows very specificnew data on the incidence of

phys io 1 ogic a1effects, the type of phenomenamost commonly reported, thecategory of - cases in whichphysiological effects arereported, plus more interestingand oblique information - suchas the type of witnessesinvolved, the duration of theeffects and the correlationwith landings, occupants andCE4 (alien contact) cases.

A special look at the problemscreated by CE4 cases leads intoa closing discussion of fiveprimary needs which thephysiological effect casesdemostrate. These needs effectUFO investigators, witnessesand the medical profession andcould - in rare instances -make the difference between1 ife (or serrousinjury/il1ness) and death.

UFOs that might beresponsible. Can we explain

Journal of Transient Aerial Phenomena, September L987 Page 7.

Abstracts cont

Title : UFOs Exist

Speaker : Bertil Kuhlemann

Abstract:The most common reaction toreports about UFO Phenomena

".b*s to be :" there ain'L nosuch things". This is a

reaction Put forth bYofficals, scientists and newsmedia people, most of - whomhave not studied the subjectin depth. This gives cause toa baiis for iediculing andcondemnation of witnesses toUFO phenomena bYrelatives, friends

Speakers : Odd-Gunnar Roed and^ Erling Strand

Abstract:Hessdalen is a va11eY situatedapproximately fiftY kilometersnbithwest oi a town ca11edRoros or sixtY kilometers southof Trondheim.

The population started to seestrangi lights in theatmos[here fiom the sky anddown to the ground in December1981. Since Lhen these lightshave been visible there everywinter more or less. In the

theirand

Title

winters ofUFO-Norwaywhat is

: Project HessdalenUpdate

neighbours. As a result, manypeofle refrain from rePortitlglft"it sightings. RoughlYspeaking, there is a fairlYri: f t giounded bas is f orassuming that onlY ten Percent

'84 and 785and UFO-Sweden held

ca11ed Proj ect

reported. A great- PrgP.ortronof' the unrePorted sightingsare well into the higherstrangeness c1ass. Thispreseitation will take a deePiook into the accumulated massof information gathered overthe years of the rePortsscreened from IFOs which aTegrouped into classes accordingIo the tyPes of Phenomenon' We

find - regardless of whetherwe view the cases individuallYor analysed statisticallYthat UFO; exist, but on whatsround can we come to thatEon"lusion bY assessing thecharacteristits of thereported Phenomena from a

scientific- viewPoint. Thescientific ground for such a

conclusion is what the seriousUFO research of todaY is

of all UFO sightings aTe

about.

Hessdalen (Parts one and two) '

Paxt one is written down indetail in English and can bebrought for iLO. The NorwegianDefeice research Establishment(NDRE) has helPed a 1ot in thiswork by lending scientificinstruments, amongst otherthings.

Head of the fieldinvestigation, Leif Havik, hasrecentl! written a book aboutthese plrenomena, the lecture ismainly- from this book.

Erling Starand is sPeakingabout the scientific reDC:: ofthe Pro j ect . Odd-Gunna: -

3'oedwill give some of the \-?^-e'rrsinhabitants' sightings.

The Technical Results ofProject Hessdalen.

The instrumentation whicn wasused in Pro iect }iessdalen Part1 and 2 will Ue described' Thereadi-ngs these in'struments gavgwill b; Presented and discussedalong with the comPuteranallsis of the PhotogruPlt"'The co-oPeration with otherinstitutes and what this haslead to will also be Presented'

Phenomena, SePtember L987 Page 8'Journal of Transient Aerial

Abstracts cont

Title : The UFO - AnUnidentified Form ofCreativity.Speaker : Ken Phillips and

Alex KeulAbstract:The paper is looking atfifteen close encounterreporters with fifteen pre-reporters and ten controlsubjects. l,Ie are looking atboth gender and an age spanbetween twenty and siityyears. Furthermore r we arelooking at an important resultfrom this paper, particularlycertain questions r eu€stionsnumber twentyfive andtwentysix, "Do you recal1 yourdreams?" and "Have you drLamtabout UFOs and flying?". Thecontrol group chose the sameproportion of flying dreams.We are looking at religiousand mystical experiences, alsoa question on the paper and aconcentration of ESPexperiences. We have decreedthat the close encounterwitnesses have a tendency tobe fantasy pronepersonalities. We are lookingat the membership of religiousgroups versus spiriuality,background, reading andexposure to UFO books and soon and winding up with blief

personality questionaire. Thisis looking at the neurosisscale and the extrovertion/introverstion scale with athird demension of ascale ) and also

lyingthe

psychological hypothesis forclose encounters, all of thispaper and the future directionof research investigation.After a pilot study in 7982using the Anamnesis protocol,the anamnesis being a lifehistory of the witne-s, it wasdecided that the witnessdeserved further study. In 1985

systems in the BermudaTriangle erc. and life inouter space blief and finallythe results of the Rorschachand EPI tesLs, (Rorschach isan ink blot test, a classicalprojective personality testmethod confronting theexaminee with ten black andwhite nd coloured ink blotsand with a question of whatcould this be, in other wordswe are looking at the innercreativity and sensibilitiesof the witness by getting themto construct firmer imagesfrom images depicted in theink blots. The EPI is theEysenck Personality Inventory,

a modified version of thecurrent anamnesis was developedand linked with two otherstudies, the witness Rorschachand the witness EPI (mentionedabove) The outcome of thesestudies vis-a-vis the Englishcontrol project and thedraw-what-you-saw project formthe basis of the 1987 Congresspaper. In short r w€ aredetermined that the witness isa crucial factor in the UFOexperience and moreover, thecloser the experience the morerelevant becomes the lifehistory of the witness.

We feel that armed with thesenew data we have pointed a wayfor future UFO research andinvestigations.

At the time of closing forpress abstracts were notavailable for the remainingpapers presented at theCongress. Should they becomeavailable then we will presentthe material, subject to spacebeing available.

It is palnned to hold anotherCongress in the summer of 1989,probably during August. Furtherdetails will be published asthey become available.

SO cal 1ed obj ective

Journal of Transient Aerial Phenomena, september r9g7 page

THE TODMORDEN UFO EXPLAINED

Steuart CamPbell

PREFACE

Steuart is well known to readers of JTAP for his work in theii"fa of investigations, particularly his work on the Livingston

"""" (i) and oth6r cases occurring in Scotland.

More recently he has been workingcan account for manY UFO rePortspresented a PaPer on his findingsUFO Congress.

Here, Steuart presents his evidencereported case.

to explain a Previous

ABSTRACT

The central UFO report in a book about an alleged UFO mystery in;i;; in"ir i"r'tl Pennines is shown to have been stimul ated by a

",ii"gE 5f the planet Venus. The subsequent account of abductionand examinatioh obtained under hypnosis has no basis in fact'

INTRODUCTION

The princiPle UFO rePort. inJenny R.andles book "ThePennine UFO I'{ystery"(3) isthat by PC Alan Godfrel . thathe encounLered a 'craft' onthe BurnleY Road, Todmorden(West Yorkshire) on the 28thNovember 1980. APart from theaccount of the - incident (PP

I22-13I) the book contains anaccount of an attemPt toreconstruct it bY use ofhypnosis (pP I47-169). Randles

"L?ti"t give an account of

this incident in FlYing SaucerReview (4), although there theconstable's surname was givenas 'Davies' .

THE REPORT

The FSR account described how,at about 0515 (Presumed to beGMT) Godfrey, driving a PloicePanda car, was about to turnoff the A646 (Todmorden toBurnley road, see Figure One)as he headed north-west whenhe saw a glowing object 'about200 yards (183 metres) fartheron'. It was dome-shaPed,emitting'fluorescent' lightfrom the toP r had a 'row of

on the hypothesis that mirages(for example see ref 2). He

at the recent International

square dark "windows"' , and wasrotating. He though: it wasabout 6-m in diameter and washovering 1.5 m above the road( see f5n article [ 4 ] forfurther details). SuddenlY hefound himself further down theroad with no object in sight'Returning to the Police-station(after c5llecting- a colleague)he found the time was 0530'

In the book Randles describedhow Godfrey set off at 0505 ona final tour of insPectionbefore his shift ended at 0600 'He turned onto Lhe BurnleY Roadand had travelled onlY a fewhundred metres towards thejunction with FerneY !"" , Roadioh".t he s aw a br ight 1 ight'seemingly on the road ahead' 'He then- dro.te to within 100feet ( 30.5 metres ) of thething' and sketched it ( seeFiguie Two). IntiallY herelorted that he had latertuined the cax around to driveback to the Police station, butwhen interviewed six weekslater he failed to mention it'Then he described how he merelYgot out of the car for a fewfeconds, looked at the skybehind him to confirm that the

Journal of Transient Aerial Phenomena, September 1987 Page 10'

Todmorden cont

FIGURE ONE

plan of the area of Todmorden where the'G' shows the point where PC Godfrey

incid'ent occurred.stopped his car.

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th


Todmorden cont

PC GodfreY sketch of

.ii)..i ": ri

PhotograPh of PC

where he stoPPed his

pneczzzaty ./,€crnzzotr

FIGURE TWO

the object he saw (20'0" = 6 m)

FIGURE THREEc;ai;;y standing in BurnleY Road

car (pi,otograph looking north-east)

JournalofTransientAerialPhenomena,septemberlgsTPage12.

Todmorden cont

object had vanished, and droveback into town (WITHOUTturning the car around). Thebook relates how Godfrey andhis colleague first returnedto the scene of the incidentbefore returning to the policestation at 0530.

Under hypnosisdescribed how theoccurred when he was 'going toturn right up Ferney LeeRoad' , but he did not describeturning the car around! Thebook also contains aphotograph of Godfrey standingat the spot where he had hisstrange experience ( see FigureThree); this point is markedas 'G' on the plan (FigureOne), 350 m from the junciionwith Ferney Lee Road. Hypnosisalso produced an account of an

that he was travellingnorth-west, about to turnright into Ferney Lee Road,and his subsequent convictionthat he did not turn the cararound. Nor do theinvestigators seem to havenoticed that in the photographGodfrey is standing on thenorth-east side of BurnleyRoad where his car would havebeen facing south-east TOWARDSTodmorden town centre.Evidently he did not turn thecar around because it wasalready facing towards thepolice station (in the centreof Todmorden). His claim tohave been just about to turninto Ferney Lee Road must bean error, although he may havemade this turn earlier.

explained by the astronomicalhypothesis. Venus, at magnitude-3.8 , lay only two degreesabove the horizon on an azimuthof 113 degrees ( altitudes andazimuths given to the nearestdegree) at 0515. By 0526 ir I^yat an altitude of four degrees,exactly in line with that partof Burnley Road (116 degrees),see pointer on Figure One.Because the road falls towardsTodmorden centre Godfrey musthave had a good view towardsthe horizon where Venus wasrising (unfortunately aphotograph of this view has notbeen published). But what hesaw was more than a mere sightog Venus; it must have been amirage of the planet, enlargedand distorted so that itappeared as a spacecraft. Sucha mirage must have been the

invesion somewhere along theline of sight, possibly in theva1ley in which Todmorden lies.No precise weather data have

Randles or MUFORA.

Unaware that he was looking ata mirage of Venus, Godfrey tookit to be an object only a fewhundred metres away because hehad no distance I sLze clues.Furthermore he took it to be a( space ) craft because

encounter with aliens and result of a temperaturetheir examination of Godfreyinside their craft.The investigation (by MUFORA)did not resolve the conflictbetween Godfrey's statements

been published by either

Godfreyinc ident

hebe

it' s

DISCUSSION

Now what Godfrey saw asdrove south-east can

Journal of Transient Aerial

appearence could only bereconciled with memory data ofsuch craft (from films andsketches of such objects byothers). In fact no evidencewas found that such a craft waspresent on Burnley Road.

His subsequent account underhypnosis IS certainlyunreliable, the result of theconflation of various memoriesto please the hypnotist. Thatthe stimulus was Venus showshow unreliable a tool hypnosiscan be. The shortcomings ofhypnotic regression to obtainevidence from witnesses havebeen previously discussed

Phenomena, September 1987 Page 13.

Todmorden cont

extensively by DeGroote ( 5 )

and myself (6).

Others may also have seen amirage of Venus that morning.Venui rose at 0453, exactlYthe time a grouP of Policeofficers in a patrol acr on ahilside above Halifax (8 km tothe north-east) rePortedseeing a brilliant ball oflight- 'swoop down' towardsthem from the east (FSR). Thisind ic ate s that thetemperature rnversronresponsible for these unusualappearences of Venus lty wellto the east, either in theVale of York or over the sea.In her book Randles describesthis incident as one in whicha 'steel-blue ball of light'was seen over the moors to thenorth, 'pulsing in a slowrhythmic throb' and moving,'inarts and zLg-zags ' (page 128).If the officers rea11Y werelooking north this could notbe Venus, but the autokineticmovements indicate a star. Thebright blue star Vega 1aY onlYeight degrees above thehoiizon to thenorth-north-east (azimuth 29degrees), while another bluestar, Deneb, 1aY at analtitude of nine degreesalmost due north ( azimuth fivedegrees). Venus was almostceitainly the 'bal1 of white1ight, tinged with blue' whicha fodmorden school caretakerreported seeing at 0545.

In conclusion, it is shown MEMBERSHIP ENQUIRES

that the GodfreY rePort wasstimulated by a mirage of theplanet Venus, and thereforetfre account of abduction andexamination obtained underhypnosis can have no basis infact.

Origin which he has submitted(elsewhere) for publication. Hegave a review of this theory atthe 4th International UFOCongress and it hoped that hispaper can appear as part of theproceedings.

REFERENCES

1) Campbe1l, S. (i980) CloseEncounter in Scotland. JTAP'1, pp 43-46.A1 soCampbe1l, S. (1982) BUFORACase History No. I , CloseEncounter at Livinston.Edited by Charles Lockwoodand Leslie Bayer. tsUFORAt:d, Peterborough.

2) Campbell , s. ( i986 )

Livingston : A NewHypothesis. JTAP,4, PP 80-87 .

3) Randles, J. (1983) ThePennine UFO MYsterY.Granada, St Albans.

D Randles, J. ( 1981 ) A

Policeman's Lot. FlYingSaucer Review, 27 , Aug81, PP3-6.

5) DeGroote, R. (1981) The HillAbduction : Fact or FantasY.JTAP, 2, PP 8-9.

6) Campbe11, S. (1982) HYPnoticFantasies. JTAP , 2, PP 52-55.

BUFORA is always happy to

Editorial Note:

Steuart has writtenexplaining fullYAstronomical TheorY

receive enquiries aboutmembership of the Association.A membershiP leaflet givinginformation about BUFORA and ameetings card will be sent onreceipt of a stamPed addressedenvelope (9.5 X 6.5 inch) to:

BUFORA (Mems)16, Southway,Burgess Hi11, Sussex, RH15 9ST'

a paperthe

of UFO


membership is by invitationonly and only groups, notindividuals, are invited to

I.C.U.R. NEWS

Steve Gamble

WHAT IS ICUR?

ICUR is the InternationalCommittee for UFO Research.This body is an association ofrespectable UFO groups fromthroughout the wor1d.

It was his sad duty to have toreport to the meeting the deathof the President, Dr. A11enHynek. It was not proposed, dtthis point, to nominale a new pPresident.

At the previous meeting twoprojects had been set up. Thefirst of these was theproduction of a standardisedUFO manual which was beingchaired by Stanton Friedman ofCanada. The second project wasto look at standardisation ofterminolgy and computerisation.This project was lead by RobertDigby of BUFORA,U.K. Shorrreports on these projects werereceived. During the discussionit became clear that urgentaction was needed on the

J Or-n.

I,{HY IS ICUR NEWS INJOURNAL 2.

THI S

Transient Aerial Phenomena

At a recent meeting of ICURconcern was expressed thatpeople were not getting tohear about the work of IC0R.

It was agreed than rather thanICUR attempting to publishit's own Journal that, - for atrial period, news of it'sactivities should be spread byway of occasional items in twoexisting Journals. The twoJournals selected were theMUFON Journal (published bythe Mutual UFO Network, basedin the USA) and the Journal of

classification of cases. Manygroups and individuals hadadded additional points toHynek's original six pointclassif ication scheme. Sorne ofthese additions used the sameclassification but differentdescription of the 'object'whilst other schemes used adifferent classification for

subject of s tandardised

something of s imil ardescription in somebodyelse'sscheme. It was felt that ICURshould take a lead here inproposing a common scheme.

ELECTION OF OFFICERS

Bertil Kuhlemann and hiscolleagues from URD had run theICUR Administration for fouryears and now wished to standdown. It was felt that the bulkof the administrative tasksshould be handled by a sma1lnumber of people in regularcontact. Therefore thefollowing were appointed :

Chairman : Robert Digby,BUFORA, U.K.

(continued next page)

(published by BUFORA in rheUnited Kingdom).

ICUR MEETING

Two meetings of ICUR were heldin London in association withthe Fourth LondonInternational UFO Congress.These meetings were held onthe 9th and the 11th of July1987 .

The first meeting opened underthe direction of BertilKuhlemann (of Project URD,Sweden).

As chairman of ICUR, Bertilgave a review of activitiessince the last meeting, whichhad been at the ThirdInternational Congress, heldin 1983.

Journal of Transient Aerial Phenomena, september 1.987 page 15.

I . C. U. R. News cont

Vice-chairman : Ir'lalter H.Andrus (MUFON

USA)

Secretary : Stephen Gamble(BUFORA, U.K. )

Treasurer : John Spencer(BUFORA, U.K. )

Robert Digby is a pastchairman of BUFORA. He hasbeen a member of BUFORA sinceI97I and very active in UFOResearch throughout that time.His special areas of interestare UFO photographs and theUFO witness. More recently,Robert has been extensivelyinvolved in organising theFourth International UFOCongress.

Walter (Walt) Andrus was oneof the founding members ofMUFON. Walt has been theInternational Director ofMUFON since I970. Mr Andrushas ben interested in UFOphemonena since he, his wifeand son had a daylightsighting of four UFOsAugust 1948.

ln

These officers will continueuntil the next meeting ofICUR. It is hoped that theFifth International Congresswill be held in August 1989,and that the ICUR meeting willbe held in conjuction withthat event.

ELECTION OF NEW MEI,IBERS

The Cornmittee had received onenomination for membership ofthe Committee. This had beenfor Project Unicat.

Project Unicat was elected toful1 membership of ICUR. Theywere represented at themeeting by Dr. Wi11y Smith.

0n the subject of membershipof ICUR it was noted thatseveral

Journal of

not paid their fees recently.As none of these members wereattending the meetirg, variousmembers of the committee weredetailed to remind theseorganisations.

MEMBERSHIP FEES

Bertil Kuhlemann presented thetreasurer's report to themeeting. This item was arnasterpiece of internationalfinance ! As URD had held Lhebank account in Sweden the bankbalance was in Swedish Crowns,however as the ICUR meetingswere usually held in the UKmembership fees had been drawnup in f. sterling. Add to thatthe group who paid in US $ ! ! !

Sti11 at the end of it ICURappeared to be solvent.

After some discussion it wasagreed that there was no needto raise the membership feesfor the next period.

ICUR LOGO AND LETTERHEAD

As part of the image of ICURbeing more outgoing there wassome discussion about anidentity for ICUR. It wasagreed that some form of logoand a distinctive letterheadwould help promote ICUR.

ME}'IBERS ATTENDING

The following fu11 members werepresent at the July 1987meeting :

BUFORA, United KingdomMUFON, United StatesProject URD, SwedenProject UNICAT, United States

Aplogies were received from

VUFOS, AustraliaSUFOI, Denmark

who were unablerepre sent at iveoccasion.

to send aon this

organisations had

Transient Aerial Phenomena, September 1987 Page 16.

WHAT DO EXTRATERRESTRIALS PLAN FOR OUR FUTURE?

Dr. A11en Tough

252 Bloor St West, Toronto, ON, Canada, I45S 1V6

ABSTRACT

It is possible that a few UFO and abduction reports provide someinsight into the pla!s that advanced extraterrestiial beingshave for humanity's future. Assuming for a moment that this iss9, what might these plans be? Five possibilities are (l) noplans at 911, (2) educating or preparing us, (3) interbreedingwith us, (4) providing significant he1p, and (5) severe harmlAlthough pr-esent evidence is far from- convincing for any ofthese possibilities, continuing enquiry into eitraterrestrialintentions could be highly beneficial.(The author retains !h" copyright to this paper. Requests toreproduce it should be addressed directly to the authoi. )

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES

Dr ALlen-Tough is a futurist with a particularly strong interesti-n the place of extraterrestrials in our future. Coniequently,he serves as the MUF0N consulant on future studies -and

Leincludes UFOs in his graduate course on potential futures. He isa Professor at the Oniario Institute for- Studies in Educationand the university of Toronto. Although he is a canadian, hisPhD (in social sciences) is from the 0niversity of chicago.

ITITRODUCTION contradictory or apparentlyabsurd, and therefore not very

The future of civilLzatLon is convincing. At the same time,of gr9?t interest and concern though, it is certainlyto all of us. Advanced possible that some of tha)extraterrestrial beings from reports provide validsome part of our galaxy will information about advancedprobably play a major role in extraterrestrials.that future. What will thatrole be? Because this question Consequently, I decided tois one of my major academic engage in a "what if" exercise.interests, I have surveyed the What if a few of the reports,literature in various fileds claims, ideas, hypotheses, orto see whether it helps us rumors in the UFO field provideanswer that question. One of valid information aboutthese fields is the UFO field. advanced extraterrestrials?

What might we then learn abouttheir plans for us? For thepurposes of this paper,

encounter with an therefore, I have simply

It is possible that some UFOreports are triggered by an

extraterrestrial being orspacecraft. Elsewhere (1) Ihave wrestled with whethersuch encounters have in factoccurred, and have ended upbaffled and unsure. Most ofthe available data areincomplete or of questionablequal ity,

Journal of

assurned that the UFO fieldprovides some valid insightsinto future extraterrestrialbehaviour toward us. Thisassumption a1lows us to move onto the question of just whatthose insights might be.

the question

1987 Page 17.

sometimes even In response to

Transient Aerial Phenomena, September

I . C. U. R. News cont

Vice-chairman : Walter H.Andrus (MUFON

USA)

Secretary : Stephen Gamble(BUFORA, U.K. )

Treasurer : John Spencer(BUFORA, U.K. )

Robert Digby is a pastchairman of BUFORA. He hasbeen a member of BUFORA sinceI97I and very active in UFOResearch throughout that time.His special areas of interestare UFO photographs and theUFO witness. More recently,Robert has been extensivelyinvolved in organising theFourth Internat ional UFOCongress.

Walter (Wa1t) Andrus was oneof the founding members ofMUFON. Walt has been theInternational Director ofMUFON since I970. Mr Andrushas ben interested in UFOphemonena since he, his wifeand son had a daylight

not paid their fees recently.As none of these nenbers iiereattending the meeting, variousmembers of the con;rii:ee weredetailed to r en inC :he seorganisations.

MEMBERSH]P FEES

Bertil Kuhlemann prese::ec thetreasurer's report :o themeeting. This ice: -,..-as amasterpiece of i:lte::lationa1f inance ! As URD hac :e l- C thebank account in Sweden :he bankbalance was in Swedrsh Crorvns,however as the ICLi. reetingswere usually held i:l lhe UKmembership fees had been drawnup in f. sterling. Add --o thatthe group who paid ir US S ! ! !

Sti11 at the end of :t ICURappeared to be solr.'ent.

After some discussion :-t wasagreed that there was no needto raise the membership feesfor the next period.

ICUR LOGO AND LETTERHEAD

As part of the image of ICURbeing more outgoing there wassome discussion about anidentity for ICUR. It wasagreed that some form of logoand a distinctive letcerheadwould help promote ICUR.

MEMBERS ATTENDING

The following ful1 members werepresent at the July 1987meeting :

BUFORA, United KingdomMUFON, United StatesProject URD, SwedenProject UNICAT, United States

Aplogies were received from

VUFOS, AustraliaSUFOI, Denmark

who were unable torepresentative onocc as ion .

send athis

sighting of four UFOsAugust 1948.

an

These officers will continueuntil the next meeting ofICUR. It is hoped that theFifth International Congresswill be held in AugusL 1989,and that the ICUR meeting willbe held in conjuction withthat event.

ELECTION OF NEW MEI"IBERS

The Committee had received onenomination for membership ofthe Committee. This had beenfor Project Unicat.

Project Unicat was elected tofu11 membership of ICUR. Theywere represented at themeeting by Dr. !rli11y Smith.

On the subject of membershipof ICUR it was noted thatseveral organisations


had

Phenomena, September 1987 Page 16 .

Extraterrestrial Plans cont

interbreeding. Budd Hopkinshas mentioned "the dovetailingevidence that geneticexperimentation is at leastone central purpose of UFOabductions."(3) He has foundthat this experimentationapparently includes sperm andova sampling operations,artificial insemination, andthe later removal of embryos.Maybe extraterrestrials areaiming forinterbreedingthemselves and humans. ( It ishard to predict whether suchinterbreeding would beprimarilydisastrous,

beneficial,or neutral for

humankinC. )

How convincing is the evidencefor this intention? Most ofthe data come from abductioncases and are elicited underhypnosis. Some people findthis source of data convincingand valid whereas others arehighly skeptical.

Regardless of our best guessabout whether interbreeding isalready occurring, surely wemust admit that it is adefinate possibility sometimeduring the next 2000 yearsthrough advanced techniques ofgenetic engineering. I arn nowstudying various possible2000-year futures involvingpar tial or

some extraterrestrials areplanning to foster humanprogress and evolution in majorways.

Extraterrestrials may alreadyhave greatly influenced humanhistory during the pasr 50 or50,000 years . (4,5 ) Threeleading contributors in the UFOfield have told me that theybelieve extraterrestrials arecontinuing to monitor humankindas a genetic and/or culturalexperiment that Lhey initiatedthousands of years ago. It mayeven be tt at two differentextraterrestrial groups arefighting over our future fate.It is also possible that atleast one group ofextraterrestrials has alreadyestablished cooperative andhelpful contact with the U.S.government and perhaps othernational governments.

interrningl ing ofwith those

succe s s fu1between

compl e teour genes

of an

Helping us build a flyingsaucer capable of remarkablespeed and maneuverability isone obvious sort of aid forthem to giveExtraterrestrials may

us.al so

protect us from a nuclearholocaust or other catastrophe.They may plan to help us reduceour worst dangers and fol1ies.They may benevolently guide ourgoa1s, strategies, morals,spiritual development, arts,and sciences.

Based on the literature onextraterrestrial intelligenceand on four mock meetings withextraterrestrials, I haveconcluded elsewhere (6) thatprobably all advancedextraterrestrial civilizationsare helpful or at leastpeaceful rather than violent. Ialso concluded that some sortof help from extraterrestrialsis highly like1y for useventually ( if we do notextinguish ourselves first withour nuclear weapons) and couldwell be occurring already. The

extraterrestrial species. Themajority or a sma11 minorityof hurnan beings may remaindistinctively human(biologica11y and culturally) .Alternatively, interbreedingmay be so common that nodistinctively human groupremains 2000 years from now.

SIGNIFICANT HELP

Some sort of highlysignificant positive help is a

fourth possibility. Perhaps


Such support, however, is able to establ ish a better


most likely types of help are( a) instant protection toavoid a nuclear holocaust orother imminent catastrophe,(b) long-term help in reducinggrave dangers, and (c) help inimproving nondangerous areasof 1 ife.The UFO field provides 1ittleconfirmation of these threespecific types of help but itnay provide a little supportfor the general possibilty ofpositive extraterrestrial aid.

largely in the form ofrumours. The only data areostensible extraterrestrialmessages that are typicallysomewhat vague and general,such as "clean up your act,get rid of nuclear weapons,and live with one another inlove and harmony. " Althoughsuch advice is excellent, isit not 1ike1y that advancedextraterrestrials would chooseto provide much more specificadvice and help?

DEVESTATING INTENTIONS

us.

As with the concept of theapocalypse or Armageddon in thereligious field, there are somepeople in the UFO field whobelieve a 91oba1 catastrophewould serve the useful purposeof cleansing the Earth. Thosewho are "true believers" orproperly prepared would besaved from the holocaust(perhaps by being removed fromthe Earth in extraterrestrialspacecraf t ) and then woul<i be

world on the recentlv cleansedEarth.

SUMI4ARY

We see, then, that the UFOfield suggests four possibleextraterrestrial plans ( if theyhave any plans at all) for ourhurnan future, ranging f romhighly positive help through tocomplete exterminat ion .

Although the present evidenceis fax from convincing for anyone of the four intentions, allfour possibilities are worthkeeping in mind as we continueto explore UFO phenomena.Perhaps some readers of thisJournal will be able to suggestadditional evidence, or gatherdata in support of one type ofp1 an.

REFERENCES

1 ) Tough, A11en. (1987 ) theExtraterrestrial Hypothesis :Current Status and NextSteps. Presented at theFourth International UFOCongress, London, July L987.(A1so see abstract pages 5and 6 of this issue of JTAP)

2) Butler, Brenda; Randles,Jenny and Street, Dot (1984)SkyCrash:ACosmicConspiracy. Suffolk,England, Neville Spearman,pp 225 - 229.

Fina11y, we cannotpos s ibil ity

UFOs(7) defendpossibility, despite

extraterrestrials may have ahighly negative future lnstore for humankind. They maybe planning to conquer andrule us, to annihilate us, toeat us as a delicacy, or tomanipulate us into startingWorld War III.

Do exLraterrestrials plan toharm humanity significantly?Only rarely does theliterature on extraterrestrialintelligence, SETI, and

omit thethat

thisits

popul arLty in science fictionnovels and fi1ms. In the UFOfield there are some reportsof harm to i-ndividual s ,aircraft, and animals, butthere is no indication thatanything worse is planned for


4)


References cont

3 ) Hopkins,Abduction

Budd (1986)

BUFORA Publications cont..World '86. It follows a similar(A5) format to the previousedition and contains ieports,news and theories from aroundthe world. It cosrs tI.25 (p&pextra, 25p (UK), 50p(Overseas) ).

UFOs 1947-1987 is a major newvolume, edited on behalf ofBUFORA by Hilary Evans and JohnSpencer. It runs to some 380pages and details cases,theories and the whole of theUFO subject over the fortyyears since Kenneth Arnold'sreport.

As a special introductory offerBUFORA are selling this tomembers (on quotation ofmembership number) at the coverpr ice of f.12 . 50 , but sent POSTFREE. To Nonmembers post andpacking f.2.00 extra ( overseassent by surface mail ) .

Other publications

The following are also stillavilable. Post and packingextra (25p Iur1, 50p IO/seas]per publication).

Mystery of the Circles Ll,.25UFO World '86Congress 79 papers

tI.25f0.75

J-TAP ( Please state issue ) f,0 . 75

Girard, Robert C., (1987)Ambiguity in UFO Behaviour.In: Hilary Evans and JohnSpencer (Eds) UFOs

40-Year1947 -1987 z The

MUFON Journal1986, p 4.

Ref lections..no 2L6, April

J. Richard

Search for an Explanation.!91te4n Tomes, London, pp264-268.

5 ) Greenwell,(1980) Theories ofExtraterrestrial Origin ofMan. In: Ronald D. Story(Ed) The Encyelopedia oiUFOs. Doubleday, GardenCity, pp 118-120.

6) Tough, A11en ( 1986) WharRole will ExtraterrestrialsPlay in Humanity's Future?Journal of the BritishInterplanetary Society:Interstellar Studies, 39,no. 11, pp 491-498.

7) One of the UFOencyclopedias published in1980 devotes only ten linesto "the invasionhypothesis" and in theother one I could not findany similar articles at alldespite its extensive crossreferencing.

NEW PUBLICATIONS FROM BUFORA

Two new publications by BUFORAwere both released at theInternational Congress inJuly.

These are "UFO World '87" and"UFOs 1947-1987 : The 40-YearSearch for an Explanation".

UFO World '87 is compiled byJenny Randles and follows onfrom the very successful UFO

Newsclipping Round-Up(state Aug or Dec 86) f0.75

Please send cash with order to:

BUFORA (Pubs)16, SouthwayBurgess HillSussexRH15 9ST.

Membership forms and meetingscards are available from thesame address on receipt of astamped addressed envelope(sLze 9.5 by 6.5 inch)


RESEARCH NEI{S

Edited by Stephen Gamble' Director of Research.

II.ITRODUCTTON

The idea of this column is toprovide regular updates of thework of the BUFORA Researchdepartment.

As announced in the BUFORASummer Newsletter (page3),thisissue contains a detailedstatus rePort from KenPhillips on the WitnessCentred Study project. BUFORAhas recently made a sma11additional grant to aid thisresearch.

On the subject of grants toaid research, I would remindreaders that BUFORA doesoperate a Research Grantscheme to support worthwhileprojects. Details of thisscheme have been published invarious issues of JTAP and theBUFORA BULLETIN in recentmonths. Should you have anyideas for research projectsbut be unable to carry themout yourself, w€ would stil1be interested to hear fromyou.

WITNESS CENTRED STUDYCURRENT STATUS.

Report by Ken PhilliPs

After three and a half Yearsof steady application of theAnamne s is /Ror s chach/ EPI

Firstly, with very fewexceptions, the collectivepsychological profiles are wellwithin the range of what isgenerally considered to be.norma1" vis-a-vis the 'WesternTechnological Culture' . Thisresult is at variance to thatobtained by Dr. Scot (at Luton)who determined that many UFOwitnesses were of a highlYneurotic state. I{owever , iLshould be pointed out here thatBUFORA's E.P.I. (EysenckPersonality Inventory) testingemployed both the 'Lie Scale'and the 'Extroversion Scale' ;the slight "weighting" on theLie scale seeming to suggestthat witnesses were not haPPYwith thisinvestigation.

f orrn of

As for the Rorschach, theoutcome was indeterminate dueto the lack of internationalstandards, consequentlY, theinvestigators were reduced tostudying the fantasY resPonsesof the *itness on1y. Althoughthere was a trend towardsgiving fantasy descriPtionswithin the pereiPient grouP, infact it was the control grouPthat gave the highest contentof fantasy description!

Because the Rorschach andE. P. I . gave such inconclusiveresults, it was decided toabandon these two Protocols asbeing non-valid in terms of theUFO/ Par anormal percipient

unheal thyhaving anpsychological profile. Thisleft only the Anamnesis as aninstrument for guaging thewitness.

Fortunately for everyoneconcerned, it was the Anamnesisthat really gave significantresults, and which enabled theinvestigators to Proceed to a

narrower, Yet more Pertinent

\nlitness study,hundred cases

some onehave been

investigated ( including bothUFO and paranormal reports),plus ten control subjectsinterviewed, using the threeprotocols. What then, in theway of concrete conclusions,has emerged from this ratherexhaustive study, containingas it does, such a wide rangeof both personal-demograPhicand psychological details?


Research news cont...Witness Study cont

form of study developed by twoindepentent researchers in theq. S.A. This is the MICIS(Memory, Imaginaiion andurearrvrty Interview Schedule)or barber and Wilson who arebased in Massachuser;;: Thereason for this progression isa direct consequencd of threesalient outcomes of theAnamnesis study: firstly, thesignif icant "'socialdisatisf action' clrJ.ster,secondly rh. -_gI"qT_ reporragerelevanr to UFos lttvtiE,' aia1?"a1L and even moresignificantly, the high 1evelof E. S. p. reportage of theperc-ipient ( tfre l atter traithardly, figured ar all - in rhecontrol. group). The MICISstudy (which- has alieadycommenced) will providevaluable data for a coniinuingresearch programme at botf,barzDurg University ( inconjunction with Dr. Keul) and

,lh" Framington Institute,I'lassachusetts (in conjunctionwith Drs. Barber and Wilson).In conclusion then, thisparticular BUFORA/ASSAPresearch programme has shownUi'O perc ipients to be highlycreative individuals who, In iY?Y_yet to be determined, are"differenr" (highly a;;;1opedfrom an evoluri5naiy poi"i ofview? ) . Ir is hoped'thereiore,that rhe MrCIS 'wil1 pi-videmore information conierningthe witness in the -earl!I 990s .

After forty years offrustration, th" ,ly atrerd, interms of UFO researth, is nowc1ear.

Wootten.

Progress has been slow here inrecent months. ft is now hopedthat rhese technicat ---frotte*s

harle been overcome. Work oncoding cases f rom irr"" -i gz0 , "ready to be entered to thedatabase continues.

?y:1$. May, confirmarion ofBUFORA's registration under theDaEa protection Act I9g4 wasreceived. Our registrationnumber is F0719204

A number of offers of help havebeen received tn recent months.These will be taken ,rf -r"--'"oonas possible.

COMPUTER INDEXING

This project has continuedunder the leadership of Mike

PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF UFOS

To the phISical scientist the99lt proof of the existance ofUFOs is_ physical evidence. ffri,Tay take many forms rangingfror.n photogiaphs if,rougf,various electiomignetic effecEsto actual objects-claimed to beparts of UFOi.

For a number of years BUFORAF""- run speeial '"""iions toIook at this physical evidence.Th" phorograiriric secri;; wasrormed in 1974 by Bob Digby,John Shaw, Steve Gamble andTerry Brewis to examine UFOphotographs. Later thiscombined with

_ Traces group(which examined atfegeJ- eioundtraces caused by UFOs) to- form

:F. _lhyrical_ Evidence group.The Physigal Evidence grofip isnow headed by Nigel Smfth,' rvfrors arso a very active 'general'field investigatorWhen Anthony pace was directorot research, BUFORA ran twogroups who were looking atother areas of physical eFfectsof UFOs. The fiisl of these wasthe Vehicle InterferenceProject, the other was asimilar group investigating

Journal of Transient Aerial phenomena, september rggT page 23.

Research News cont

Physcial Effects cont

cases with Radar involvement.

The Vehicle Interfernce

artifical craft orbit the Earthfor short periods of tine. Itis important to real ise thatthe Great Circles theory hasnothing to do with circulardamage to fields of crops.

An extensive paper about chistheory was publ ished in theSeptember 1986 JTAP and R.oy haspresented it to both the M"ylgY BUFORA Lecture neeting andat the Fourth InternationalCongress.

CORN FIELD CIRCLES

This project has continuedunder - tha direction of PaulFu1 1er.

Paul has been carrying out a

survey of cereal farners inWiltshire and HamPsh:-le Lodetermine the true incidence ofcircular shaped croP danage. Inaddition to this he has beeninvestigating new formations asthey are discovered.

This year has produced a 1a-rgeincrease in the rePorted numberof formations. So far thirtYthree formations have beenreported for 1987. Thiscompares with a total of abouteighty for the yea'rs 1979 to1986. Some interesting newformations are included.

The survey of farmers Producedsome inteiesting results. Paulhas been working on a detailedtechnical and statistical

this repor t are stil1available. In recent monthsthere has been an uPturn inthe number of reports from theUK. At least one of thesereports involves effects on acar (preliminary report of thecarrs fuses blowing), so I aminvestiagting the worth ofreopening this project.

The second sPecialist grouPthat Anthony Pace had wasinvestigating Radar cases.Some members have expressed aninterest to me in cases ofthis kind. I will bereactivationg this Project, soinvite interested members tocontact me giving details oftheir skills. Much work wascarried out by the earliergroup to produce a reportsimilar to the VehicleInterference RePort, howeverthis was never Published. Ihope that after some work thenew group will be able to seethis project comPleted.

project published a rePort in1979 on their activities. Thiswas compiled by GeoffreY Falla(Edited by Charles Lockwoodand Anthony Pace) and includeda catalogue of cases theY haddiscovered involving vehicleinLerference. A few coPies of

GREAT CIRCLES PROJECT

At the May Research Meeting itwas agreed that BUFORA shouldassist Roy Dutton ininvestigating his GreatCircles theory. Roy Produced apaper for the Researchdepartment outlining Possiblemethods of investigation. Thisis now under consideration.

Roy's theorY tries to show

report of these findings whichwiil be produced in sma11quantities for discussion wiLhexternal experts. The studY wasjointly funiled by the Tornadoand Storm Research Organisation( T0RR0 ) and BUFORA.. The surveyproduced information about-several previous 1Y unknowncircle formations. Paul hasbeen assisted in carrYing outfollow-up interviews on these


Research News cont

Corn Filed Circles cont

cases by Colin Andrews.

A update sheet Lo the Mysteryof the Circles report has beenproduced which includes someof the latest data. Paul isworking on a difinativearticle on the circles and thedata from the survey. As thisis 1ike1y to be of some lengthwe may have to split it overseveral issues of JTAP.

What of the future? Most ofthe data we have on circlesrelates to Hampshire andWiltshire. Do they occur inother southern counties? Dothey occur elsewhere in thecountry? If funding can bemade available it is proposedto carry out two further smal1surveys elsewhere in thecountry to tTy to answer thesequestions.

0n completion of the surveysit is proposed to produce aconcluding report then closedown the project. The Projectstarted when several of thenational newspapers statedthat UFOlogists had claimedthat these circular areas ofdamage r^rhere UFO l andingsites. This appeared to benonsense and BUFORA set out totry to find the genuine cause.It seems most likely that theYare caused by an interestingatmospheric phenomenon. Havingestablished this, what shouldBUFORA's interest be in it infuture? Unless anybodY comesforward who is keen to run a'monitoring' project' I wouldpropose closing down thisactivity allowing valuableresources to be allocated Loother projects.

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE CATALOGUE

Ernest Sti11 is producirg, wj,ththe help of otheri{orthamptonshire members , acatalogue of sightings of allforms of shortlived aerialphenomena overNorthamptonshire. Thisprimarily covers the last fortyyears. It will includ.e datafrom the BUFORA Case Index andfrom newspaper libraries.

It is hoped that once theresearch budget has beenallocated, it will provideenough funds to a11ow thisinformation to be computerised.

CORRESPONDENCE

Due to lack of space it hasbeen necessary to hold overseveral long items ofcorrespondence until the nextissue. This includes itemsabout Roy Dutton's Great CircleTheory and Steuart Campbell'sMirage Hypothesis.

It should be stressed that theviews expressed incorrespondence are entirelYthose of the author and do notnecessarily represent the viewsof BUFORA or the Editor. TheEditor reserves the right toreduce the length of overlongletters where this does notmaterially alter the viewspresented. Authors shouldiefrain from using insult orslander and stick to factualinformation.

In common with MUFON, w€ shallreserve the right to apply the50% ru1e. Under this anotherwriter may respond to anarticle, either by letter or ashort article. The originalauthor may respond using halfthe wordage. The responder mayrespond again to the authorusing half the wordage etc.

Steve Gamble, EditorNorthamptonshire investigator


TIME ESTIMATION OF SIMULATED UFO EVENTS

S.J. Gamble, R.S. Digby and K. Phillips

This paper examines how much reliability can be placed upol thereport as produced by the witness. The estimation of thetime estimate for a simulated UFO sighting is used as anindication of this reliability. Both control subjects, who werenot involved in the UFO subject as either Percipients orinvestigaLors, and UFO1ogists (i.e. a mixed group of pelcipientsand investigators) were used for these investigations.

Steve Gamble is Director of Research for BUFORA and secretary ofICUR. As well as UFOs, he has long had an interest inpsychology. Robert Digby is a past chairman of BUFORA, lecturingirbquently on the subject. He is also currently chairman ofICUd. Ken Phillips is-a long time investigator and has carriedout extensive woik on the problems of witness reliability. Hehas worked for a number of years with Dr Keul of Austria on the\,rlitness Anamnesis.

INTRODUCTION Garbage out. or as Hill (4) putit, no sophistocated method can

A UFO event can be thought of compensate for deficent data,as being made up of- three for example all a computer willcomponenLs : a1low you to do is get. the

wrong answer more quickly !

The UFOThe UFO reportThe UFO reporter

It is very rarely that theinvestigator can get to

1

23

So just how accurate is thedata obtainable from witnesses?We set out to examine thispoint using a 1arge, and varied

examine either a claimed UFOor parts thereof, so inpractice we are left with onlyttre l ast two categor ies ofevidence to study. Both HYnek( 1 ) and Hendry (2) have madeit quite clear that we studYUFO reports and not UFOs. TheUFO is merely the stimulus forthe report.

TABLE ONE.

EST]MATED TIME UFO OBSERVED BYTWO CONTROL GROUPS, ONE ALLMALE, THE OTHER ALL FEMALE.

GROUP MALE FEMALE

T]ME( in seconds )

201520151545

520601530T2

53030

15-205

101010151525T21010102010202010

Gamble (3) has previouslystated that the witness shouldbe regarded as a form ofrecording instrument andtherefore needs to becalibrated. Hynek (2) hasstated that some measure ofaccuracy needs to be appliedto the witness. If the witnessis seriously at fault and isunable to accurately describethe event they witnessed, thenthe whole report becomessuspect. The data Processingindustry has a term for this,the so cal1ed Garbage In,

Journal of Transient Aerial Phenomena, September L987 Page 26.

Time Estimation cont

group of subjects. Thesebe described below.

wil l

As the parameter we decided tostudy we took the estimationof the duration of a simulatedUFO event. For this simulationa slide of a scene which couldbe a UFO event was projectedto the audience for a fixedperiod of time. The actualperiod of time is not releventto this paper, which sets outto examine individualvariation.

In addition to making a timeestimate, the subjects wereasked to draw the object theysaw. These drawings are notdiscussed here, but some ofthem have previously beendiscussed by Digby (5).

METHOD

The method for this experimenthas previously been discussedby Phillips (6). Briefly thework was carried out usingmembers of the audience atlectures on the subject ofUFOlogy. There was no controlover the make up of theaudience.

AL the start of the lecturethe slide of the UFO event wasprojected for a short periodof time. The audience was thenasked to draw a picture ofwhat they had seen and toestimate the duration.

SUBJECTS

The data used here is made upfrom three audiences. Two ofthese audiences wereprivate clubs where

atthe

members have no specialinterest in the subject ofUFOs. These were taken as acontrol group. The third groupwas at a major internationalconference attended by bothUFO percipients and UFO

TABLE TWO

DETAILS OF UFOLOGIST GROUPGIVING TIME ESTIMATE ( INSECONDS), AGE, AND SEX (n=46)

TIME AGE SEX

10I2

7

515

87

108

108

I21010

515

75

18180

52013

715

62

1354

153015

510

41014

5<10

810101115

5

33355733332652364027392250272820556131

664029

3032392847553642474929314T423355I72522T75363

MFM

M

M

MM

M

M

M

MFi'IMM

M

M

MM

FM

M

M

FFM

MM

t'lM

M

MM

MMFMMFM

FM

M

FM

M

investigators. This group


IS

Phenomena, September 1987 Page 27.

F


FIGURE ONE

PLOT OF TIME ESTIMATES MADE BY THE TWO DIFFERENT CONTROL GROUPS

SPECIFIED IN TABLE ONE

Secbnds

NOTES:

I ) A11 times are inseconds

D Group one is nralecontrol group

3) Group two is femalecontrol grouP

4) Graph directlY Plottedfrom Minitab statisticalpackage (Version 5.1 )

x

x

3

x

3x2xE

x

3

4x

2

Group

0.0 I .0 e.0

Journal of Transient Aerial Phenomena September 1987 Page 28 '


referred to as the UFO1ogistsgroup.

The basic data for the controlgroups is setout in Table One.As one audience consisted ofentirely females and the otherentirely of males,classification on this countwas easy.

The basic data from theUFo-logisrs group is ,"i orrt inTable Two. I., ,&aiiio"-tJ' rheduration and maki"g-" ai"wing,ihil group were asked rorndrcate their age, occupationand gender. Neitf,ei i[;-;;. orthe occupation are discussed-11 :?1t. paper-. From rhis groupwe hacl to exclude one

"rr63""Lwho drew a star (bui-staiea iry"" a.mirage!) and stated theouratron as being too 1ong.t-tt should be poiited-orrt-rharthis was 'NOT - Si",r"rtCampbell ).

RESULTS

We will deal first of all wirhthe results from the control8-r9up. In total there \^/erethirry rwo subjecrs i; rhiscategory. A better idea of thespread of these results can beobtained from Figure One.--

The data in Table One wereread into a statisticalprogram ca11ed Minitab. Figure9r" is a direct plor oi-'the99." . produced by lrinitab(Version 5. 1 ) . Thi; ,""---it unused to carryout someelementary statistics. Therorrowing were obtained :

TABLE THREE

DURATION TIME BANDS AS USED INTHE BUFORA CASE INDE' SiSiNU.

CODE DURATION

0I23456789

0-9 seconds10-29 seconds30-59 seconds1-2min 59 secs3-4min 59 secs5-9min 59 secsI0-29min 59 secs30-59min 59 secs1-lhour 59 mins2 hours or more

From these results it can beseen that as a group the maleswould estimate tha duration(expressed as the medir;t-to betwice as long as the femalegroup. The results for theI:l:1: group hrere more rishrl-tspaced ( as shown by - th;s tandard deviation ,r,6 thestandard error of the mean).Due to the relatively sma1lnumbers involved, too' muchshould not be ,"rd inio this.Indeed a third group of allfemales (which ,." ,"i" inableto include here) shows asimilar distribution to -GroupOne (rhe all male grorpi. ihur"two groups can be ifrown to be::::i:tica11y significanrltorrrerent, yet this wouldappear to beresul t .

a purely chance

GroupSubj ec rsMedianMeansrd

IZ15 7720.0 10.022.5 13.5

Deviation 14.g 5.32Std Errorof Mean 3.8 1.3

The results for the UFOlogistgroup are setout in Table iwo.As can be seen this individualg-roup was some what larger thanthe combined members of"ifre twocontrol groups. These data areplotted out in Figure Two forcomparison with the similarduration dara obtained f;;; rhecontrol group. It can be seenthat the UFologists gaveoverall a tighter grouping of

Journal of Transient Aerial phenomena, september rggT page 29.


FIGURE TWO

DISTRIBUTION OF TIME ESTIMATESOF UFOLOGISTS Vs DISTRIBUTIONOF ESTIMATES OF CONTROL GROUPS

Time( in Seconds )

>30

30

Control s

( n:32 )

UFOlog-is ts

( n=46 )

FIGURE THREE

ANALYSIS OF TII'IEDISTRIBUTION BY SEX.( CONROL GROUP AI{DCOMBINED DATA)

Time( in Seconds )

>30

30

Males

( n:52 )

ESTI},IATE

UFOLOGISTS

Females

(n:26)

6$

22J.

9

44

82

3

89

33-L

9

Journal of Transient Aerial Phenomena, SePtember 1987 Page 30'

Time estimation cont

results with a majorityfalling in a five to twentysecond duration range. Howeverthis group did have oneoutlying result ( at 180seconds ) .

For the sake of completeness,the combined results of thecontrol and UFO1ogists groupare broken down in ter.ms ofgender and this is illustratedin Figure Three. Unfortunatelythere are twice as many maleas female subjects. virualexamination shows a fairlyeven spread of results betweenboth groups.

DISCUSSION

WhaL is clear from theseresults is that witnesses arevery bad at estimating theduration of an event. Haines(7) has stressedimportance oftemporal measurement in beingable to estimate velocity ofreported objects and in beingable to tie in the reports ofdifferent witnesses atdifferent locations. He alsostates that the two mostfrequently asked questions ofwitnesses are "When did itoccur?" and "How long did itlast?". Yet from these resultsit would seem that these twofundemental questions could betotally misleading.

On a more practical 1eve1,consider duration in relationto the classic sighting form(such as the BUFORA R1). Theduration obtained from thismight be classified intoduration bands, such as usedby I,ilootten(8) for the BUFORAcase index (see Table Three).Remember that all subjects inall groups saw the 'UFO event'for exactly the same period oftime, then examine the tablesagain. You will see that thespread of estimates can coverall categories in Wootten's

table from 0 torange is from 2there is up todifference.

CONCLUSION

UFOs, p157.Chicago

8. Wootten,m (1985)Index codebook.

A vast range of variation hasbeen demonstrated in theability to estimate duration byany individual subject. Thedegree of accuracy does notappear to be related to eithergender or the familiarity ofthe subject matter.

It is suprising how fewstatistical analyses there arein the field of UFOloBy, yetthis would seem to be the onlyway to lessen the effects ofindividual variation. A11 toooften great store is placedupon a single case rather thanconsidering it in the contextof the subject as a whole. IfwiLnesses can be so inaccuratewith time estimates, how muchstore can be placed on anyother reported detail?

REFERENCES

1 . Hynek, J. A . (1,97 2) The UFOReported, p16 IN: The UFOExperience. Aberlard-Schuman

2. Hendry, A. (1980) The UFOHandbook. Chapter I pp 6-7.Sphere Books, London.

3. Gamble, S.J. (1985) Theassessment of witnessreliability. JTAP 4, pp16-19

4. Hi11,P.A. (1980) Statisticalmethod and transientphenomena. JTAP 1, pp 67-70.

5. Digby,R.S. (1981 ) the witnessas a complex instrument.JTAP 4, ppl2l-128

6. Keul,A.G. & Phillips,K( 1986 ) Draw what you see.BUFORA Bulletin 2I, pp24-26.

7. Haines, R.F. (1980) Observing

theaccurate

4, or as theto 180 seconds,a ninety fold

Nelson-Ha11,

BUFORA Case


DATES FOR YOUR DIARY

BUFORA meetings will be heldon the following dates usingthe facilities of the LondonBusiness School, Sussex P1ace,Regents Park, london, N.W.1.Unless otherwise stated allmeetings start at 18:30 hrs.

Whilst it is not anticipatedthat meetings will have to bealtered or cancelled withoutprior notice, BUFORA reservethe right to do so. A11members are urged to attendearly so that the meeting maystart on time. There is asma11 admission charge whichat the moment is tl .00 formembers andnon-members.

L2.50 for

This years lecture programmewas organised by ManfredCassirer, to whom thanks aredue.

September 5thSpeaker : Peter Warrington"RADAR and the UFO"

October 3rdSpeaker : Timothy Good"Above Top Secret"

November 7thSpeaker : Bob Couttie"Psychics and Saucers"

December 5thSpeal<er : Andy Roberts" Cracoe : UFO into IFO"

1 988January 2ndSpeaker : Tony Corne11, M.A." Investigating Anomal ies"

February 6thSpeaker : Prof."The TurinConjectures on

March 5thA.G.M followedSpeaker, : John"Abductions"

Ray LeonardShroud :

its origin"

byRimmer

(continued next column)

April 2ndSpeaker :

Guy Lyon Playf air, M.A."Mind and MLgic"

May 7 thSpeaker : Phillip Taylor"UFOs and Astronomy"-

June 4thSpeaker : Martin Shough"The Reality of thePhenomenon"

Meetings normally end atapproximately 21230. half waythrough the evening there is ashort break and the eveningconcludes with questions anddiscuss ion.

UFO

1988 A.c.M.

This will be held at the LondonBusiness School on Saturday 5thMarch 1988, starting at 6-30pm.

The main business of themeeting will be to receive theChairman's report, the Reportof the Council of Management,the Accounts of the Treasurerand to appoint the Auditoraccording to the Articles ofthe Association. A more formalnotice and the AGM papers willbe published nearer the time.

The AGM will be followed by atalk by John Rimmer on thesubject of Abductions. Whilstthere is no fee for attendingthe AGM charges to cover thefollowing lecture will becollected at the start of theevening.

UFOs 1947 -1987edited by Hilary Evans and

John Spencer

0n1y t12.50Members POST FREE (on quotingmembership number)Non-members f,2.00 extra P&P(Overseas by surface mail)

Journal of Transient Aerial Phenomena September 1987 Page 32.

Aims and scope of the JournalResearch and investigation into unidentified flying object (UFo) phenonena has progressedfron the early days of wild speculation into an area where scientific analysis and-evaluation nethods can be applied to a number of specified areas.It is realised that.ufological research is subject to a great deal of speculativeconment, nuch of which lies on the boundaries of current scientific thought. Many existingscientific institutions accept linited discussion of UFos and related phenonena wh-ere it 'has some bearing on their discipline. The Journat of Transient Aerial phenomena (JournalTAP) offers a forum for scientists and researchers to present ideas for further discussion,results of investigations and analysis of statistics and other pertinent information.Journal TAP aims to meet a wide range of discussion by incorporating an approach withtreadth of scope, clear and topical comment conducted with scientific rigour. It intendsto offer a truly international forun enabling researchers throughout the world to publishresults in an authoritative publication which should serve to further knowledge of thecosrnos and benefit mankind in so doing.Notes for contributorsThe Editorial Board will be pleased to receive contributions from all parts of the world.Manuscripts, preferably in English, should be submitted in the first instance, to theEditor-in-chief, 40 Jones Drove, Whittlesey, Peterborough, PEI lUE, United Kingdom.Manuscripts should be typed double-spaced on one side of A4 size paper with wide marginsand subnitted in duplicate. While no maximurn length of contributions is prescribed,authors are encouraged to write concisely.The authorrs nane should be typed on the line below the title. The affiliation (if any)and address should follow on the next line. The body of the manuscript should bepreceded by an abstract of around IOO words giving the nain conclusions drawn.AII mathematical synbols may be either hand-written or typelrritten, but no ambiguitiesshould arise.Illustrations should be restricted to the mininun necessary. They should accompany thescript and should be included in rnanuscript pages. Line drawings should include allrelevant details and should be drawn in black ink on plain white drawing paper. Goodphotoprints are acceptable but blueprints or dyeline prints cannot be used. Drawings anddiagrams should allow for a 20 per cent reduction. Lettering should be clear, open, andsufficiently large to pernit the necessary reduction of size for publication. Photographsshould be sent as glossy prints, preferably full or half plate size. Captions to anysubrnitted photograph or illustration should be appended and clearly marked.In the interests of econony and to reduce errors, tables will, where possible, bereproduced by photo-offset using the authorrs typed manuscript. Tables should thereforebe submitted in a forn suitable for direct reproduction. Page size used should be A4and width of table should be either lO.5 crn or 22 cm. Large or long tables should betyped on continuing sheets but identifying nunbers shoul-d be placed on the upper right-hand corner of each sheet of tabular material.Reference to.published literature should be guoted in the text in brackets and groupedtogether at the end of the paper in nunerical order. A separate sheet of paper shouldbe used. Double spacing must be used throughout. Journal TAP references should bearranged thus :

(f) Jacgues Vallee: 1965. Anatong of a Phenomenonr vii, Henry Regnery, Chicago.

l2l David Haisell: 198O. Working Party Report, ;tournal rAP L/21 pp36-40gfith the exception of dates which should be presented in the astronomical conventionviz : 1977 Augnst 05r no rigid rules concerning notation or abbreviation need be observedby authors, but each paper should be self-consistent as to syrnUOls and units, whichshould all be properly defined. Times however should be presented in astrononicaL fornusing the 24 hour clock and Universal Tine (UT) where possible. If local time is used,this should be specified viz l9h t5 G!{T.

The Editorial Board shall have the right to seek advice from referees on suitability forpublication and may, on their recomnendation' accept, seek revision of or rejectnanuscripts. If considered unsuitable for Journal TAP, the Editor-in-chief reservesthe right to forward manuscripts to the Editor of Bufora Journal for consideration. TheEditor-in-chiefrs decision will be final.Book reviews and letters for publication will also be considered.l{here permission is needed for publication of material included in an article' it is theresponsibility of the author to acquire this prior to submission. AII opinions expressedin articles witl be those of the contributor and unless otherwise stated, will not reflectthe views of Bufora, its Council or the nditor-in-chief.

The Journal ofTransient Aerial Phenomena

CONTENTS

EDITORIAL

ABSTRACTS FROMINTERNATIONAL UFO

THE TODMORDEN UFO

I.C.U.R. NEI,{S

THE FOIIRTHCONGRESS

EXPLAINED

STEPHEN GAI{BIJ

STEUART CAUPBELL

STEVE GAI{BLE

ALLEN TOUGH

STEPHEN GAUBLE

S.J.GAMBLE, R.S.DTGBYAND K. PHIIJ,IPS

WHAT DO EXTRATERRESTRIALS PLANFOR OUR FUTURE

RESEARCH NEWS

TIME ESTIMATION OF SIMULATEDUFO EVENTS


4O Jonds'Drovo, Whittlcrcy, peterborough pE7 2HW

The Journal ofTransient Aerial Phenomena

CONTENTS

EDITORIAL

ABSTRACTS FROMINTERNATIONAL UFO

THE TODMORDEN UFO

I.C.U.R. NEWS

THE FOURTHCONGRESS

EXPLAINED

STEPHEN GAI{BIJ

STEUART CAI{PBELL

STEVE GAI{BLE

ALLEN TOUGIT

STEPITEN GAI{BLE

s. J.GAMBLE, R.S.DTGBYAND K. PIIILLIPS

WHAT DO EXTRATERRESTRIALS PLANFOR OUR FUTURE

RESEARCH NEWS

TIME ESTIMATION OF SIMULATEDUFO EVENTS


4O Jon6s'Drove, t rhinblcy, Potsrborough pE7 2HW

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