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The Journal of

Spelean History OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN middot SPELEAN HISTORY ASSOCIATION

i Volume 28 No 2 AprilJune 1994

1

THE JOURNAL OF SPELEAN HISTORY

Volume 28 No 2

The Association

The American ~pelean History Association is chartered as a non-profit corporation for the study dissemination and interpretation of spelean history and related purposes All persons who are interested in these goas are cordially invited to become members Annual membership is $8 Meetings are held in conjunction with the annual convention of the National Speleological Society and sometimes at West Virginias Old Timers Reunion

Front Cover

The photo used for the cover is undated but has the following caption on the back Mammouth Cave Hotel Mammouth Cave Ky Iva seated on bench

Officers

President Susan Holler PO Box 100

Old Fort NC 28762

Vice-President Carolyn E Cronk 1595 Blueberry Hills Rd

Monument CO 80132

Secretary-Treasurer Fred Grady 1202 S Scott Street 123

Arlington V A 22204

Trustees

Russ Gurnee Gary K Soule Larry E Matthews Jack Speece Marion O Smith

April-June 1994

The Journal of Spelean History

The Association publishes the Journal of Spelean History on a quarterly basis Pertinent articles or reprints are welcomed Manuscripts should be typed and double-spaced Submissions of rough drafts for preliminary editing is encouraged Illustrations require special handling and arrangements should be made wi th the edi tor in advance Photos and illustrations will be returned upon request

Back Issues

Most back issues of the Journal are available Early issues are photocopied Indices are also available for Volumes 1-6 and 13 Send your requests to Fred Grady (address given with the officers) All issues of Volumes 1-72 are available on microfiche from

Kraus Reprint Company Route 100

Mill wood New York 10546

Official Quarterly Publication AMERICAN SPELEAN HISTORY

ASSOCIATION History Section

National Speleological Society

Production

Editor Carolyn E Cronk 1595 Blueberry Hills Rd

Monument CO 80132

Layout and Proofreading Robert N Cronk

Priming D C Grotto Potomac Speleological Club Press

An Excerpt from

TRAVELS in NORTH AMERICA in the years 1841-2

with

GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS on

THE UNITED STATES CANADA AND NOVA SCOTIA

BY CHARLES LYELL ESQ FRS 1845

Chapter IX

Before I visited the Southern States I had heard from several American geologists that calcareous rocks occurred there intermediate in age between the chalk and the tertiary formations and helping to fill the void which separates those two well-marked eras in the European series Having satisfied myself that all the white limestone of the Savannah river was referable to the Eocene epoch I now set out to determine whether the same could be said of that exposed to view on the Cooper river and Santee canal about thirty miles north of Charleston I was accompanied in an excursion of a week by Dr Ravenel who kindly offered to be my guide and we first visited a plantation of his called The Grove near the mouth of the Cooper river where in the marshes there are deep deposits of clay and sand We passed the Brygon Swamp about forty miles north of Charleston where the remains of the mastodon were found when the canal was cut Wild animals might still be mired in the same morass latitude 330 20 N showing that these fossils in the Southern States occur in precisely the same geological position as in New York and Canada We slept at Wantoot and then went by Eutaw to Vances Ferry on the Santee river then to Cave Hall examining the tertiary white marl and limestone and collecting the shells and corals contained in it Lime-sinks or funnel-shaped cavities are frequent in this country arising from natural tunnels and cavities in the subjacent limestone through some of which subterranean rivers flow An account was given me of a new hollow which opened about fifteen years ago about two miles south of the Santee river into which a mule drawing a plough sank suddenly About a hundred yards from the same spot I saw a large cavern sixty feet high at its entrance in the white limestone from the mouth of which flowed a small stream The undermining effect of such rivers explains the

The Journal ofSpelean History 17

linear arrangement so common in lime-sinks in South Carolina and Georgia The walls of such sinks are vertical and the strata exposed to view consist usually of clay arid sand which rest upon the limestone

From Cave Hall we went in a north-westerly direction to Stoudenmire Creek a tributary of the Santee where the siliceous burr-stone and brickshyred loam appear above the white limestone In the course of this examination I satisfied myself that the limestone and white marl a formation which must sometimes amount to 120 feet in thickness in the low r~gion of Cooper river and the Santee canal are a continuation of the same Eocene deposit which I had seen at Shell Bluff at Jacksonboro and other places on the Savannah river and which I afterwards observed at Wilmington in North Carolina I found many species in all these places common to those of Claiborne in Alabama where the largest number (more than 200) of Eocene shells in a good state of preservation have been met with and are described and figured in the works of Mr Conrad and Mr Lea of Philadelphia Dr Ravenel pointed out to me some remarkable new species of Scutella at the Grove near the mouth of the Cooper river and these were accompanied by several well-known Eocene shells like those of Claiborne The same white limestone and marl may be said to be continuous for forty miles from the Grove to the Santee river

At Eutaw and other points corals of the genera Idmonea Acystis Pustulopora Vincularia and Eschara occur with a species of Scalaria and other shells These fossils and the rock containing them reminded me so much of the straw-coloured limestone of the cretaceous formation seen on the banks of Timber Creek in New Jersey that I do not wonder that some errors had arisen from confounding the tertiary and secondary deposits of the south The species however prove on closer inspection to be different This lithological resemblance of the rocks seems to have led to the admission into Dr Mortons list of the cretaceous fossils of North America a list for the most part very correct of the following seven tertiary species which really came from the Eocene strata of South Carolina These are Balanus peregrinus Pecten calvatus P membranosus Terebratula lachryma Conus gyratus Scutella Lyelli and Echinus infulatus (see Mortons Synopsis pl 10) The belief that all these species were common to the chalk and tertiary strata led naturally to the opinion that in the Southern States a formation existed intermediate in character between the rocks of the secondary and those of the tertiary periods

The Journal ojSpelean History 18

CAVE REFERENCES IN

SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN MAGAZINE

By Chris Howes

INTRODUCTION

The production of this index to cave-related material in Scientific American was begun as a result of a quotation made by Ben Hains on his stereo cards indicating that the magazine thought they were pronounced the very best specimens of subterranean photography yet produced Identifying the quotation in Scientific American would enable a date to be placed on Hains photographs part of the research associated with writing To Photograph Darkness the history of underground and flash photography

A prediction of the probable date was made and the magazine pages consulted Within minutes the article was found (see reference 50) but it also became apparent that there was a great deal of other valuable materi~l to read Thus the page turning and indexing began

The index was first published in Wales in February 1987 by Anne Oldham as an A5 booklet Some slight changes were made before the author produced a second edition in July 1991 The present printing includes further minor updates

Scope of the index

The index covers cave-related material in Scientific American Both the old series (running from volumes 1 to 14) and the new series (volumes 1 to 253 December 1985) are included as well as all supplements

The Scientific American magazine was founded as a weekly publication in September 1845 by Munn amp Co 37 Park Row New York One volume was produced each year until June 1859 Henceforth these volumes were known as the Old Series (OS) and were replaced with the New Series (NS) which ran from July 1859 still as a weekly publication Publication day was a Saturday price $2 yearly on subscription with single copies at lOc Two volumes were published each year running from July to December and January to June respectively Issue one of each volume was the first to appear in the months of July and January

By the close of the 1870s Scientific American had proved extremely popular both in America and abroad and an export edition was also published once a month For $500 this was sent anywhere in the world It included most of the plates (for which the periodical was famed) and pages from the preceding months regular issues It contained about a hundred pages per issue covering all progress in Science and the Useful Arts

From 1876 a weekly Supplement was also published using the same format as the normal weekly publication OD Munn used a separate editorial office at 261 Broadway New York for the Supplement This was page and issue numbered consecutively regardless of issue date One volume was published every six months The Supplement ceased publication with issue 2292 on December 27 1919 It was then


replaced by the Scientific American Monthly with one issue every month instead of every week It ran from January 1920 to October 1921 making 4 volumes The Monthly was short lived from November 1921 it was incorporated into Scientific American this remaining as the only publication (still monthly) after this time

Published indexes

Volumes were indexed every year for the old series every six months for the new series Indexes for the Supplement and Monthly were separate to Scientific American and were also published with the final issue of the volume

The quality of these indexes varied over the years of publication All the reports in the magazine were included somewhere but they were not always logical to a reader interested in a general topic such as caves For example Mammoth Cave might be listed under M not under Caves Mammoth Similarly many other caves were only listed under specific name not under cave and there was only limited cross referencing Luray Caverns might be found under Cavern Luray Luray Caverns Underground Subterranean and so on Cave life was usually found under such entries as Fish blind This arrangement did nothing to aid the production of the current work

In addition a cumulative index was published by the magazine for May 1948 to June 1978 which was consulted as well as those in individual volumes These latter indexes for the new style of magazine which began in May 1948 are not cross referenced in indexes in individual volumes Only the author and title are given but no details concerning the contents of an article On the other hand the cumulative index is cross referenced

The shortcomings of this current attempt to index cave references in Scientific American Magazine should be noted To check every page of every issue individually would have taken so much time that this publication would never have appeared It was only possible to use the indexes as provided with published volumes which were checked thoroughly Inevitably references will have escaped attention by this method especially when it is a reference to a cave within a larger non-related article It should also be noted that in the case of the more modem monthly issues references to archeology where the cave was only incidental to the article have not been recorded All cave references of any type (however small) located in the older weekly issues have been included

Availability of copies

Whilst copies of Scientific American published this century and particularly those following the Second World War are common there are not many sources of the early issues readily available in Britain Much of the research for this index was conducted at Birmingham Central Library who hold a complete run with the exceptions of 1 1845 and 11 1855 (OS) and 29 1873 (NS) Copies of these are to be found in Manchester Central Library The other primary sources in the UK are the Bodlian Library Oxford and the Science Museum Library London They are likely to be more commonly available in the USA

The Journal ofSpeean History 20

Importance of Scientific American to cave history

In the last century Scientific American had a slightly different objective to it s modern counterpart Today papers and articles with an in-depth treatment of the topicare published there only being a few of these in each issue In the last century the editorial staff published extracts or complete articles not only from their own correspondents but also from other journals and newspapers around the world Thus many of the more important discoveries made in both America and abroad were reported in Scientific American

Indeed one of the most famous of the early American cavers Horace C Hovey corresponded regularly with the magazine and several important articles by him (and his son) appear in its pages Translations into English from articles in foreign journals were often made for example several by Edouard Martel from La Nature One of these was one of the earliest accounts of his descent of Gaping Gill in Yorkshire England Thus a study of the articles - apart from being interesting in the general sense - can yield invaluable historical information

Using the list of references

The title of the article is followed by author (if credited) the year of publication and the magazine (Scientific American or Supplement) This is followed by the volume number (underlined) the issue (in brackets) the date and finally the page and column numbers The old series contained 5 columns to the page the new series 3 Column numbers are not recorded for the magazine after it became a monthly issue If the report was taken from another magazine this is also credited A brief description of the subject matter contained in the article is then given within []

Thus

Subterranean Scenery Anon 1882 Scientific American 47 (23) Dec 2 p353 col 3

This article appeared in volume 47 issue number 23 of the new series of Scientific American on December 2nd 1882 page 353 column 3 The author was not credited

Using the index

A cross-referenced index is given at the end of the references This enables a particular cave or area to be located no matter what reference it is found in All references have been numbered and the index refers to these not the page numbers

Some caves such as Mammoth Cave proved extremely popular locations Some authors seem to have felt obliged to compare any cave they were discussing with Mammoth Luray or Wyandotte (the latter often given the older spelling of Wyandot) These comparisons have been included in the index although sometimes the cave has little more than a mention By looking up the reference in the main list the information within [] should indicate the importance of the entry for that particular cave or cave region Thus if middot Mammoth Cave appears as an entry in a reference about Luray Caverns it is likely to only be included for comparison


The index also includes a cross-referenced list of people mentioned within the texts Many of these may well prove to be of little interest to the speleo-historian however many of the cave owners and guides are mentioned as well as explorers and those archeologists that worked in the area Checking the reference entry should indicate the type of article (exploration description archeological the size of the report and so on) and give an indication of the inclusion of the more important characters

Entries are also made under the headings of Photographs Illustrations and Surveys These indicate the type of illustrations used with the text Surveys may be portions or cross sections of the cave rather than full plans An entry under illustrations indicates a woodcut or line drawing rather than a photograph (although some mayhave been based upon an original photograph)

Appeal for information

Some caves are not identified in the text in Scientific American Where possible these have been deduced named and included in the index but many have proved too elusive to identify with any certainty while working at a distance Cavers with local knowledge may well be able to name the caves with little difficulty the text often gives details in addition to those with the reference and might for example locate a cave as being near to a distinctive hill or river bend

The author would be extremely grateful if any such identifications could be made known to him for inclusion in any future editions of this reference list Likewise information concerning any references that have been omitted would be welcomed

For example these might include associated material such as that of the obituary to Henry T Anthony dll101884 aged 71 [Anon 1884 Scientific American 51 (17) Oct 25 p257 col 3] Anthony was not a caver and therefore would not otherwise appear in the index He was however a publisher of stereo cards including Waldacks 1866 series

Acknowledgments

I am grateful to Ray Mansfield and Tom Sharpe for their help in copying some of the references the staff of Birmingham and middot Manchester public libraries and the Science Library Cardiff for access to their volumes and Trevor Shaw for his comments on parts of the original draft Lastly Steve Kings and in particular Judith Calford for sharing much of the time-consuming page searching spread over a period of two years

Chris Howes November 1993 51 Timbers middotSquare Roath Cardiff CF2 3SH Great Britain


REFERENCES 1845-1985

I Discovery Of Another Mammoth Cave In Indiana Anon 1850 ScienJijic American Q (14) Dec 21 pl06 cols 2-3 (Old series) Reprinted from The dew Albany Ledger Indiana

[Un-named cave with a new extension discovered by NJ Coleman comparison of the cave with Kentuckys Mammoth Cave]

2 Mexican Cave Anon 1851(a) Scienlific American Q (34) May 10 p270 col 3 (Old series) Reprinted from NO PicayllJle

[Discovery and description of an un-named cave on Mt Guieugola near Tehuantepec Mexico]

3 Observations On The Mammoth Cave Anon 1851(b) ScienJijic American Q (45) July 26 p358 col 4 (Old series) First reported in Silliman s JOUT7U1[

[Discussion of temperature of cave mention of the cave life and Prof Sillimans opinion that water has formed cave]

4 Great Cave In California Anon 1852(a) Scienlific American 1 (21) Feb 7 p163 col 4 (Old series)

[Description of Solomons Hole Calaveras County]

5 Remarkable Cave Anon 1852(b) ScienJijic American 1 (32) April 24 p256 col 2 (Old series)

[Un-named cave discovered near the village of North Adams Berkshire County Mass Tne cave explored so far is described]

6 A Wonderful Cave Anon (signed JWH) 1860(a) Scienlific American~ (14) Mar 31 p211 co Is 1-2

[Visit in winter to the Decorah Ice Cave Iowa See Anon 1860(b) Kovarick 1898]

7 A Wonderful Cave Anon (signed lWH) I 860(b) Scienlific American d (4) July 21 p51 cols 2-3

[Midsummer visit to the Decorah Ice Cave Iowa See Anon 1860(a) Kovarick 1898]

8 American Saltpeter Anon 1861 ScienJijic American 1 (20) Nov 16 p312 col 3 Reprinted from United Stales Gazette Philadelphia

[General report covering collection of saltpeter from caves in the states of Tennessee Alabama Kentucky amp Arkansas Mention of Mammoth Cave]

9 Newly-Discovered Bone Cave Anon 1864 ScienJijic American 10 (21) May 21 p323 col 3 Reprinted from Popular Science Review

[Excavations in Gibraltar uncover a cave with animal remains]

10 A Singular Cave Anon (signed MAD) 1867 ScienJijic American 17 (19) Nov 9 p291 col 3

[Enquiry concerning an un-named cave in the Puy-ltle-Dome department of France which fonus steam in winter and ice in summer ScienJijic American is sceptical of the facts See also Stewart H 1867]

II [No Title] Anon 1870 Seienlific American 22 (24) June II p378 col 2

Short report of the discovery of a cave at Dubuque Iowa]

12 Remarkable Cave In Thomas County Georgia Anon 1871(a) ScienJijic American 24 (8) Feb 18 pl13 col 3 Reprinted from the Thomasville EnJerprise

[Exploration of the Devil sHopper]

13 A Subterranean Pond Eyeless Fish Anon 1871(b) ScienJijic American 24 (14) April I p209 col 3 Reprinted from the MonJrose Republican

[Pond in Pa with blind fish found due to the pond growing over]


14 Underground Explorations Visit To A Missouri Cave Anon 1871(c) Scientific American 24 (23) June 3 p353 col 3

[Un-named cave in the Ozark mts Green County Description of cave which is used as a food store and the proposal to sell a fonnation to New York for Central Park]

15 The Mammoth Cave Anon 1871(d) Scientific American 25 (14) Sept 30 p208 col 3

[Visit to Manunoth Cave Kentucky by 190 people and collection of biological specimens by Prof Cope)

16 Subterranean Explorations Anon (signed ROC ) 187l(e) Scientific American 25 (26) Dec 23 p405 cols 1-2

[D~scription of an un-named cave (Mark Twains Cave) Missouri Includes reports of lost people eating bats to survive)

17 Fountain Cave Virginia Anon 1874(a) Scientific American n (3) July18 p35 cols 1-3 p36 col I

[Full page of illustrations short general description of cave)

18 The Mammoth Cave Of Mexico Anon 1874(b) Scientific American 31 (17) Oct 24 p255 col 3

[Visit by 600 people to cave of Cacahuamilpa Rockets are fired at the roof scientific appliances are carried)

19 New Discoveries In Mammoth Cave Anon 1874(c) Scientific American n (26) Dec 26 p406 col 3

[Discovery of blind coloured fish by Prof Putnam]

20 Mammoth Cave Fishes Anon 1875 Scientific American 32 (10) March 6 p149 cols 2-3 First reported in Nature

[Collection of blind fish and crayfish by Prof Putnam)

21 A Grotto Of Health Anon 1876 Scientific American Supplement ~ (28) July 8 p446 col 3 From Medical And Surgical Reponer

[Cave used for treatment of rheumatics in the Apennine Mts Italy)

22 Wonderful Kentucky Caves Anon 1877(a) Scientific American Supplement 1 (88) Sept 8 pl403 col 3 Reprinted from CincilllUlli Enquirer

[Description of the Bat Cave Carter County with name on wall dated 1835 Mention of Swingle Cave]

23 Aztec Ruins Of Southwestern Colorado Anon 1877(b) Scientific American Supplement 1 (92) Oct 6 ppl466-7 cols 1-31

[Report of investigation by WH Holmes into cave dwellings llIustrated with several line drawings and diagrams)

24 The Gas Of The Grotto Del Cane Anon 1878(a) Scientific American Supplement~ (11) Feb 16 p1768 col 3 Report of Proc othe Chemical Society

London Reprinted from Chemical News [Analysis of gas in Italian cave by TG Young)

25 A New Cave Discovery In Kentucky Anon 1878(b) Scientific American 39 (21) Nov 23 p329 col 3 Reprinted from the Cincinnati Commercial

[Discovery and description of Grand Crystal Cave Kentucky and sale of mummies found there some to George Proctor comparison of cave to Mammoth cave Includes interesting proposals to commercialise the cave using a steamboat It is however a hoax See Anon 1882(b))

26 A Recent Visit To The Caves Of Adelsberg Anon (signed KN) 1878(c) Scientific American Supplement Q (155) Dec 21 p2474 col 3 Reprinted from Land and Water

[Comparison to Peak Cavern Derbyshire Description of tourist trip through the cave (now Postojna jama in Yugoslavia) and examination of a Proteus specimen)

27 The Tuolumne Cave Anon 1879(a) Scientific American Supplement Z (169) March 29 p2692 call

[Discovery and description of cave near town of Pine Log)


28 An Inscribed Cavern In Wisconsin Anon 1879(b) Scientific American 41 (3) July 19 p40 col 3 First reported in the Chronicle La Cross Wisconsin

[Carvings in an un-named cave Scientific American is sceptical of their authenticity]

29 Cumberland Mountain Caves Anon 1879(c) Scientific American 41 (12) Sept 20 pl81 coJ 2 Reprinted from the Detroit Free Press

[Description of exploration of un-named caves in Virginia during a Harvard University Summer School]

30 Discovery or A Remarkable Cave Anon 1879(d) Scientific American 41 (17) Oct 25 p262 col 3 Reprinted from Courrier de TIemcen Algiers

[Discovery of an unmiddotnamed cave in Algiers by miners who explore it on a raft and bring out blind fish]

31 A Remarkable Cave In Brazil Anon 1879(e) Scientific American Supplement ~ (208) Dec 27 p3314 cols 1-2 Reprinted fro m Rio News

[Exploration of the Caverna da Rifina Campanha province]

32 A Subterranean Palace Anon 1880(a) Scientific American Supplement 2 (212) Jan 24 p3382 cols 2-3 Reprinted from the neffield Telegraph

[Description of passages below Welbeck the Noninghamshire seat of the Duke of Portland England]

33 Ancient Remains In A Pennsylvania Cave Anon 1880(b) Scientific American Supplement 10 (251) Oct 23 p4OO6 col 3

[Specimens found in an un-named cave in Crystal Hill near Delaware Water Gap]

34 Another Cliff Town Discovered Anon 188I(a) Scientific American 44 (I) Jan I p5 col I

[Includes description of cliff town in New Mexico by James Stephenson see also reference 38]

35 An Ice Cave In Montana Anon 1881(b) Scientific American 44 (I) Jan I p5 col 3 First reponed in the Fan Benton Press

[Discovery of an un-named cave on the Dry Fork of Arrow Creek in the Belt Mountains It is a great reson for game as all kinds were killed close to its entrance]

36 Adventure In The Cave Of Cacahuamilpa Anon 1881(c) Scientific American 44 (20) May 14 p313 col2

[Visit of 500 people to the Mexican cave for a banquet inside lit by electric light and to rches many of the guests are asphyxiated and have to be carried out]

37 Sense Of Feeling In Blind Cave-Fish Anon 1881(d) SciefUific American Supplement 12 (300) Oct I p4790 coil

[Collection of fish from Mammoth Cave Kentucky One large one is sold for $10 to a person who had it cooked for his dinner]

38 A Great City Of Cliff Dwellers Anon 1882(a) Scientific American 46 (3) Jan 21 p41 eols 2-3 First reponed in the (New York] Tribune

[Description of discovery and examination of cliff dwellings at an un-named location in Ne Mexico or Arizona by James Stephenson see also reference 34]

39 About The Leitchfield Cave Anon 1882(b) Scientific American 46 (3) Jan 21 p4I col 3

[Comments concerning a repon in the Grayson Advocate Leitchfield Kentucky the details of both this cave and those of the Grand Crystal Cave are a hoax See also Anon 1878(b)]

40 Texas Painted Caves Anon 1882(c) Scientific American Supplement U (316) Jan 21 p5042 col 3 p5044 col Reprinted from the San Antonio Express

[Description of three un-named caves on Devil s River found whilst J Van Wie works on the railroad]

41 Subterranean Sceriery Anon 1882(d) Scientific American 47 (23) Dec 2 p353 col 3

[Repon of lecture given by HC Hovey at New York]


42 The Discovery Of Luray Anon 1883(a) ScienJijic American 49 (8) Aug 25 p120 coIL Reprinted from the AtanJa Constitution

[A description of the discovery and sale of the cave]

43 Exploration Of Caves By Electricity Anon 1883(b) ScienJijic American SupplemenJ 16 (416) Dec 22 p6634 cols 1-2 Reprinted from La Lumiere Electrique

[A general article on the subject comparing electric light to torches and Bengal light without naming any specific caves]

44 Marble Cave Anon 1885(a) ScienJijic American SupplemenJ 19 (475) Feb 7 pp7586-8 cols 3 1-3 1

[Extensive description of the exploration and parts of this Missouri cave Stone County naming the people involved and the reason for the names of the various parts]

45 Skeleton Of A Bear Found In A Cave In Styria Austria Anon 1885(b) ScienJijic American SupplemenJ 19 (483) April 4 p7718 cols 1-2 Illustration from lllustrine Zeitung

[Description of a bear skeleton in un-Jyenlmed cave]

46 Fingals Cave Anon 1885(c) ScienJijic American SupplemenJ 19 (486) April 25 p7766 col 3

[A paper presented to the French Acadamy states that current theories of formation of the cave by the action of the sea are untenable and it was made by man]

47 Blind Fishes In California Anon 1885(d) ScienJijic American 53 (15) Oct 10 p233 col 2 First reported in American Naturalist

[Blind fish found in artesian well San Jose valley]

48 Australian Caves Anon 1886 ScienJijic American SupplemenJ 22 (548) July 3 p8758 cols 2-3 Reprinted from the Darling Downs Gazette

[Discovery and description of caves near Rockhampton Queenslandone being named The Cathedral]

49 British North Borneo Anon 1887 Scientijic American SupplemenJ 24 (619) Nov 12 p9881 cols 1-3 From lllustraJed London News

[Account of swifts and edible bird s nests in caves]

50 Wyandot Cave And Its Wonders Anon 1889 ScienJijic American 60 (10) March 9 p149 col 3

[Report of lecture by HC Hovey illustrated with lantern slides by Ben Hains This is the reference which Hains used as advertising on his published stereo cards]

51 The Steinbach Cave Near Sulzbach Anon 1890(a) Scientific American SupplemenJ 29 (745) April 12 pp1l895 11897 cols 1-21 From lilustrine Zeitung

[Description of tourist visit Austria There are two large illustrations]

52 Interesting Lecture On Caves Anon 1890(b) ScienJijic American 63 (19) Nov 8 p287 col 3

[Lecture by HC Hovey in Bridgeport Conn]

53 Lecture On The Mammoth Cave Anon 189O(c) ScienJijic American 63 (25) Dec 20 p387 col 2

[Report of lecture by HC Hovey in New York]

54 A Wonderful Cave Anon 1892(a) ScienJijic American 66 (4) Jan 23 p49 cols 1-2 From GreaJ Divide

[Discovery and exploration of an un-named cave on White River Colorado by a prospector Hooper]

55 Ancient Cave Dwellers In Asia Anon 1892(b) ScienJijic American 66 (15) April 9 p232 col 3

[Discovery by Russians of un-named caves with artifacts inside in Turkestan]


56 Cave Dwellers In Africa Anon 1892(c) Scientific American Supplement 34 (862) July 9 ppI3781-2 cols 3 1 From Minuaogists Monthly

[General anicle including accounts of a huge cave Some of the smaller ones are inhabited but natives prevent exploration]

57 New Cave Discoveries At Mentone Anon 1894(a) Scientific American 70 (19) May 12 p294 col 2 From Globus

[Discovery of skeleton at Mentone France in an un-named cave]

58 Cave Explorers Buried For Eight Days Anon 1894(b) Scientific American Supplement 38 (972) Aug 18 p15539 cols 1-2 From Revue Universelle

[Cavers are trapped by water in Leugloch (Lurloch) Cave in what was then part of Austria but subsequently rescued]

59 The Glow Wonn Caves Of Tasmania Anon 1895 Scientific American 73 (21) Nov 23 p332 cols 2-3

[Brief report of an early visit to the caves]

60 Ice Caves Of Japan Anon I 896(a) Scientific American 74 (I) Jan 4 p5 col I From London Field

[Account of visit to an un-named ice cave near Shoji Japan See also Anon 1896(b)]

61 Ice Caves Of Japan Anon 1896(b) Scientific American Supplement 41 (1051) Feb 22 p16794 cols 1-2 From Public Opinion

[See also Anon 1896(a) This is the same visit]

62 Archaeological Remains In Arizona Anon 1896(c) Scientific American Supplement 42 (1075) Aug 8 p17176 cols 1-2 From the New York Sun

[General article on cliff cave dwellings]

63 A Guanch Cenoby On Gran Canaria Island Anon 1898(a) Scientific American Supplement 45 (1160) Mar 26 p18536 cols 1-3 From Lo lllustracion Espanola y

Americano [Burials in caves by a Berber tribe]

64 Purity Of Cave Air Anon 1898(b) Scientific American 79 (14) Oct I p218 col From The Alienist And Neurologist St Louis

[Mammoth Cave air currents and the use of the cave for consumptives - tuberculosis - victims The failure of this use is noted The presence and use of saltpeter1

65 A Subterranean Industrial Plant Anon 1899 Scientific American sectL (6) Aug 5 p89 cols 1-3

[Description of use of Grand Cave and Stalactite Cave Tennessee being used for industry eg canning by the Ruskin Co-operative Society Several photographs]

66 Science Notes Anon 19OO(a) Scientific American 83 (13) Sept 29 pl99 col 1

[Excavations by Hogarth in the Sacred Cave of Zeus Crete]

67 Bat Guano Caves In Southern New Mexico Anon 19OO(b) Scientific American 83 (16) Oct 20 p251 col 2

[Mining of guano for fertiliser from what are described as lava caves]

68 Kimberley Cave-Dwellings Anon 19OO(c) Scientific American Supplement 50 (1301) Dec 8 p20854 co Is 1-2

[Diamond mines used for protection during the Transvaal war in South Africa wrongly called caves]

69 [No Title] Anon 190I(a) Scientific American 84 (21) May 25 p328 col 3

[Reopening Qf Wind Cave Dakota following vandalism]


70 The Eye In The Recently Discovered Cave Salamander Of Texas Anon 1901(b) ScienJijic AmericQII SupplemenJ 21 (1326) June I p21262 coil From Nature

[An abbreviated account of two papers by CH Eigenmann on a variety of blind vertebrates]

71 Science Notes Anon 190I(c) Scieuijic American 85 (22) Nov 30 p341 col 3

[Discovery of French caves with paintings (Combarelles and Font-de~Gaume) See Anon 1901(d) amp 1905(d)]

72 Cave Drawings Of The Palaeolithic Epoch Anon 1901(d) ScienJijic AmericQII 85 (23) Dec 7 p359 cols 1-2

[Extensive description of cave paintings in Anon 1901(c)]

73 A Cave Used As A Jail Anon 1903(a) ScienJijic American 88 (7) Feb 14 pp1l6-17 cols 3 I

[Mined cave in Arizona used as a jail]

74 The Origin And Fonn Of Hoarflost Anon 1905(a) ScienJijic American 92 (7) Feb 18 ppI45-6 cols 1-31

[Includes details of investigations in Surtshellir Cave Iceland leading to theories about hoarfrost Numerous drawings and photographs ]

75 A Prehistoric Cave Dwelling Anon 1905(b) ScienJijic AmericQII 92 (8) Feb 25 p167 col 3

[Un-named cave near Winznau Switzerland with archeological remains]

76 An Explanation Of Ice Caves Anon 1905(c) ScienJijic American 92 (24) June 17 p749 cols 2-3

[Experiment concerning the temperature of percolation water attempting to explain the formation of ice caves]

77 Cave Drawings Anon 1905(d) ScienJijic American SupplemenJ 60 (1555) Oct 21 p24920 col 3

[French drawings in Combarelles Font de Gaume and other un-named French caves See also Anon 1901(c) amp (d)]

78 A Land Of Gold And Marble Some Remarkable Caves Anon 1905(e) ScienJijic American SupplemenJ 60 (1562) Dec 9 pp25034-5 cols 3 1 From English Mechanic And World

Of Science [Description of Bungonia caves Australia]

79 A Discovery Of Curious Interest Anon 1906 Scientific AmericQII Supplemeru 62 (1617) Dec 29 p2591l col 3

[Cave dwellers in the Sahara]

80 The Largest Cave In The West Anon 1907 Scieruijic AmericQII 97 (7) Aug 17 p119 col 2

[Discovery of un-named cave near Los Angeles California]

81 The Art Of The Cave-Dweller Anon 1910 ScienJijic AmericQII 102 (9) Feb 26 p185 cols 1-3 From Umschau

[Description of paintings in various caves including Rothgart Cave first reported by Prof Moser)

82 The Naturai Tunnels Of Laos Anon 1911(a) ScienJijic American Supplemeru 71 (1837) March 18 pl64 cols 1-2 From La Nature

[Caves resurging into the Chinese Me Kong river explored by Monsieur Macey Survey of river and description of area and caves]

83 Underground Water For Public Use Anon 1911(b) ScienJijic American SupplemenJ 72 (1859) Aug 19 pl25 cols 1-3

[Concerns pollution quoting a paper by George C Matson and another by Myron L Fuller)

84 A Musewn Of Underground Life And The New Grotto At Adelsberg Anon 1912(a) ScienJijic American SuppiemenJ 74 (1910) Aug 10 pp84-5

[Description of museum near Linz Austria and of the Adelsberg caves now Poslojna jama Yugoslavia Mention of Boyd Dawkins (incorrectly spell as Body Dawkins) and James Farrer of England]


85 The Sixth Sense Of The Bat Anon 1912(b) Scientific American Supplement 74 (1914) Sept 7 ppl48-SO cols 1-31-31-3

[Research into bats that could be used to aid navigation at sea following the Titanic disaster Description of bat species Numerous drawings]

86 New Yorks Cave Of Stalactites Anon 1913(a) Scientific Amencan 108 (I) Jan 4 plO cols 1-2

[Reconstruction of a cave in the Museum of Narural History representing a cavern discovered at the Copper Queen Mine Arizona Specimens are removed from the cavern]

87 The Largest Ice Cave In The World Anon 1913(b) Scientific American 109 (14) Oct 4 p267 col I

[Dachstein Cavern Austria Description]

88 Fanning In A Cave Anon 1914 Scientific American1Q (12) March 21 p253 cols 2-3

[Mushroom farm in an un-named Missouri cave owned by Robert Smith] 89 Cave Dwellers or The Missouri Valley Anon 1918(a) Scientific American Supplement 85 (2198) Feb 16 pplOQIOI cols 1-31

[Description of archeological finds]

90 Modern Cave Men Anon 1918(b) Scientific American Supplement 86 (2231) Oct 5 pp216-17 cols 1-31-3

[Cave dwellings still in use in France Several photographs]

91 Twentieth-Century Troglodytes Anon 1920 Scituific American Monthly f (2) Oct ppl30-2

[Cave Dwellings in the Dordogne France eg Les Eyzies Quotes passages by Baring-Gould]

92 The Effect Of Light On So-Called Eyeless Animals Anon 1921 Scientific American Monthly J (4) April p306

[Experiments in Vienna with Salamanders by Prof Paul Kammerer The five-year experiment used red light and normal light those exposed to normal daylight produced animals able to see]

93 Animai Sculpture Of 25000 Years Ago Anon 1924 Scientific American 130 Feb p92 cols 1-3

[Discoveries of prehistoric art at Montespan by Norbert Casteret]

94 Mousterian Man Woman And Infant - A Race That Became Extinct Anon I 929(a) Scientific American ill (6) Dec p472

[Description of this Neandertal cave dweller photographs of replicas from Chicago museum]

95 Cave Mans Brain Found In Russia Anon 1929(b) Scientific American 141 (6) Dec p544 col 2 From Science Service

iPetrified remains found near Moscow]

96 Mariner 1 Anon 1973 Scientific American 228 (3) March p48

[Establislunent of earliest sea voyagers by deposits in Franchthi Cave Greece]

97 The Coudersport Freezing Cave BALCH Edwin Swift 1916 Scientific Americanlli (20) June 24 p663 cols 1-2

[Description of the Pennsylvania cave See also reference 186 Vandermuelen 1916]

98 Building A Cave At The American Museum Of Natural History BEASLEY Walter L 1916 Scientific Americanlli (19) May 6 p470 494-5 cols 1-321

[Reproduction of new grono found in Weyers Cave Virginia at the Museum of Narural History New York using formations taken from the original cave]

99 Stone Tools And H~an Behaviour BINFORD Sally R amp BINFORD Lewis R 1969 Scientific American 220 (4) April pp70-84

[General article with mention of Shubbabiq and Jabrud Shelter I caves Israel]


100 The Wisconsin Pictured Cave BROWN Edwin 1879 Scientific American Supplement ~ (190) Aug 23 p3029 cols 1-2 Reprinted from lA Crosse

Chronicle [Discovery and examination of paintings in an un-named cave on the farm of David Samuel near Barre]

101 The Sterlingbush Calcite Cave CLARKE Noah T 1921 Scientific American Monthly 2 (5) May pp393-4

[Description of crystals removed from a cave in a quarry near New York and their display in the N Y state museum]

102 How Cave Air Is Used To Regulate The Temperature Of A House CLAUDY CH 1908 Scientific American 98 (20) May 16 pp353-4 cols 1-31-3

[Details of operation of ventilation from Luray Caverns to a house above including plan and elevation of system Pholographs of cave by JD Strickler]

103 Fingals Cave COURTOIS H 1886 Scientific American Supplement 22 (572) Dec 18 p9141 col 1-2 Reprinted from lA Nature

[Description of a visit to the cave in Scotland Drawing of men pulling boat into entrance] 104 Ancient Bone Cave In Pennsylvania DARTON NH 1885 Scientific American Supplement 19 (472) Jan 17 pp7541-2 cols 2-31

[Discovery and description of bones found in Hartmans Cave by T Dunkin Paret]

105 Mammoth Cave And How It Was Made EATON ED 1871 Scientific American 25 (21) Nov 18 p321 cols 1-3 Reprinted from Beloit College Monthly

[Description of cave during a visit collection of fauna and theory of formation of cave]

106 Eyes That See In The Dark FLINT Austin 1903 Scientific American Supplement 56 (1447) Sept 26 pp23187-8 cols 1-31 From Our Animal Friends

[General article mostly unconcerned with caves brief mention is made of Mammoth Cave]

107 The Grotto Of Ombrives GARRIGON F 1885 Scientific American Supplement 20 (502) Aug 15 pp8020-1 cols 2-3 1 From lA NaJure

[Description of French Pyrenees cave and remains found in it]

108 Ancient Salt Mines Of The Indians HARRINGTON MR 1926 Scientific American 135 (2) Aug ppll6-17

[Description of mine previously thought to be a cave in Nevada]

109 The Mystery Of Gypsum Cave HARRINGTON MR 1930 Scientific American 142 July pp34-6

[Archeological examination of cave in Nevada]

110 The Saltpeter Caves In Virginia HAUPT H 1879 Scientific American Supplement ~ (184) July 12 p2932 cols 1-3

[Examination of the Niter Cave Sinking Creek the journey there and mining relics found]

Ill What Are Pattees Caves HENCKEN Hugh ONeill 1940 Scientific American bull sect1 Nov pp258-9

[Ruins locally known as caves thought to be remains of an Irish monastery in New Hampshire]

112 Some Pacific Caves HOLDER CF 1897 Scientific American 76 (4) Jan 23 p56 co Is 1-3

[Visits to sea caves on islands off California]

113 The Marble Cave Of Missouri HOVEY EO 1893 ScientifiC American 68 (5) Feb 4 pp63 70-1 cols 1-3 1-31

[Lengthy description survey Edmund Otis Hovey was the son of HC Hovey]

114 The Wind Cave or South Dakota HOVEY EO 1900 Scifntific American Supplement 49 (1276) June 16 pp20458-9 cols 1-31

[Discovery journey to and description]


115 The C ystal Cave Of South Dakota HOVEY Edmund Otis 1904 Scientific American Supplement 57 (1476) April 16 pp23657-8 cols 1-3 1-2

[Description of cave Photos by WR Cross amp S Mascovich Su also Hovey HC 1893]

116 The Luray Cavern [Published in 3 pans] HOVEY HC 1879(a) Scientific American 40 Part One (3) Jan 18 pp36-7 cols 1-31 Part Two (4) Jan 25 p58 cols 1-3

Part Three (10) March 8 pp153-4 cols 2-31-2 [Extensive description of area discovery and the cave Predictions are made as to the type of fauna that will be found and that these will resemble those found outside the cave]

117 Discoveries In Western Caves HOVEY Horace C 1879(b) Scientific American Supplement 1 (162) Feb 8 pp2583-4 cols 3 1-2 From American Journal

Of Science And Arts [Examination of the Mississippi valley Caves mentioned are Grand Crystal (fictitious) Hanover Mammoth Weyers amp Wyandot

118 Howes Cave HOVEY HC 1881(a) Scientific American 44 (3) Jan 15 pp35-6 cols 1-31-2

[Description of cave and preparation for tourism Survey] 119 Picketts Cave HOVEY HC 1881(b) Scientific American 44 (17) April 23 p257 cols 1-3

[District around the cave in Colorado discovery by boys named Pickett and described by Rev RT Cross in Congregational News Description of cave Picketts Cave is now known as Cave of the Winds See also Hovey HC 1881(c) amp 1887]

120 More About Picketts Cave HOVEY HC 1881(c) Scientific American 44 (18) April 3D p273 col I

[Elaboration of discovery and exploration given in Hovey HC 1881(b)]

121 A Mushroom Farm In Mammoth Cave HOVEY HC 1881(d) Scientific American 44 (24) June II p369 cols 2-3

[proposal by a Frenchman to begin a mushroom farm]

122 The Temperature Of Mammoth Cave HOVEY HC 1881(e) Scientific American 45 (15) Oct 8 p225 cols 2-3

[Temperature measurements in Mammoth and Whites cave]

123 The Luray Caverns By Electric Light HOVEY HC 1882 Scientific American 46 (lID) March 18 pl64 eols 1-3

[Description of electric lights in cave and the installation of the generator Earliest mention of the photography of CH James Survey]

124 Marengo Cavern HOVEY HC 1883 Scientific American 49 (15) Oct 13 p225 col I

[Description of cave in Indiana and comparison to Mammoth Mention of an account in the Daily Ledger of New Albany]

125 Caverns Near Manitou Colorado HOVEY HC 1887 Scientific American Supplement 24 (608) Aug 27 pp97IO-II cols 2-31

[Cav~ of the Winds and Manitou Grand Caverns description and survey by Hovey EO Cave of the Winds is the same as PickettS Cave See also Hovey HC 1881(b) amp (c)]

126 The Jewell Cavern HOVEY HC 1889(a) Scientific American 60 (220 June I pp339-40 cols 31-3

[Discovery and description of Virginian cave visit by Hovey with photographer Harry A House]

127 The Pits And Domes or Mammoth Cave HOVEY HC 1889(b) Scientific American 61 (16) Oct 19 p247 cols 1-3

[Examination of Mammoth pits by plumb line by Hovey and Hains Survey]


128 The Marvelous Cavern Of The Black Hills HOVEY HC 1893 Scientific American 69 (12) Sept 16 pl79 cols 2-3

(Published as part of the notes from the Worlds Columbian Exposition at Chicago Discussion of the exposition which included a pavilion styled as The Mammoth Crystal Cavern made by removing formations and crystals from the cave of the same name South Dakota This cave is briefly described See also Hovey EO 1904 reference 115]

129 The Making Of Mammoth Cave HOVEY HC 1896(a) Scientific American 75 (7) Aug 15 pl51 cols 1-3

(Examinatioll of cave for a new guidebook Description of cave]

130 The Colossal Cavern or Kentucky HOVEY HC I 896(b) Scientific American 75 (~) Aug 29 pl83 cols 1-2

[Discovery and description of cave]

131 Our Saltpeter Caves In Time or War HOVEY Horace C 1897 Scientific American 76 (19) May 8 p291 cols 1-3

(General history of saltpeter caves mantioned are Davis Dixons Fountains Madisons Mammoth Nicojack Salts Scotts Weyers amp Wyandotte Mammoth is treated in detail)

132 The Aven Armand Lozere France HOVEY Horace C 1898 ScienJific American 78 (15) April 9 pp228-9 cols 2-31

[Visit to cave with Martel amp Armand Armands descent Survey photo by Vire] 133 Mapping The Mammoth Cave HOVEY HC 1899 Scientific American Supplement 48 (1229) July 22 ppl9707-8 cols 1-3 1-2

[History of the many surveys of Mammoth two surveys reproduced Ends in a plea for the purchase of the area by the State of Kentucky to make a Mammoth Cave Park]

134 Mammoth Cave Maps HOVEY Horace C 1900 ScienJific American Supplement 49 (1266) April 7 p2092 coIl

(Letter concerning Dr Calls protest about due credit in surveys See also Hovey HC 1899 Calls letter does not appear in SA or SAS]

135 BaUoon Measurements or Mammoth Caves Height HOVEY Horace C 1903(a) Scientific American 89 (9) Aug 29 p147 cols 2-3

[Use of hydrogen-filled balloons)

136 The Colossal Cavern Of Kentucky HOVEY Horace C 1903 ScienJific American Supplement 56 (1455) Nov 21 pp23316-19 cols 1-3 1-31-31-2

[Discovery by William Garvin Mammoth guide history description survey Comparison of cave fauna with Mammoth]

137 Strange Mazes And Chasms In Mammoth Cave HOVEY Horace C 1905 Scientific American Supplement 60 (1540) July 8 pp24680-1 cols 1-31

[Accounts of discovery of parts of Mammoth eg by Stephenson Prentice Einbigler etc Diagram of the Maelstrom)

138 A Mammoth Cave Cathedral HOVEY Horace Carter 1907 Scientific American Supplement 64 (1651) Aug 24 p125 cols 1-3

[New discoveries survey One new passage is named after Edouard Martel spelt incorrectly as Edward)

139 Kaemper~ Discoveries In The Mammoth Cave HOVEY Horace C 1909 Scientific American 100 (21) May 22 pp388 390 cols 1-31-2

[Major article mentioning of effects of damming Green River surveying carried out by Max Kaemper and the discoveries made during it near Ultima Thule Survey photographs copyright Ganter)

140 The Much Maligned Bat HOWES Paul Griswold 1928 Scientific American 138 (2) Feb pp130-1

[General article not specific to caves]

141 Intennittent Spr~

HUMPHREYS WJ 1938(a) Scientific American 159 Oct p207 col 2 [Reported in Monthly Wearher Review general discussion of cave-fed cold and hot springs See also Humphreys 1938(b) amp (c)]


142 Mysterious Springs - Dry Weather Type HUMPHREYS WJ 1938(b) Scielllijic American 159 Nov pp256-7 Reprinted from MOlllhly Wealher Review Washington

[Explains the occurance of a spring beginning to flow before rain begins See also Humphreys 1938(a) amp (c)]

143 Mysterious Springs - Night And First-Frost Types HUMPHREYS WJ 1938(c) Scielllijic American 159 Dec p321 From MOlllhiy Weather Review Washington

[Explains the operation of night and first-frost springs See also Humphreys 1938(a) amp (b)]

144 ViscQvery Of CUff Dwellings IJI The Southwest lM~ampt Qw rge Wha ron 1900 Scielllijic American 82 (3) Jan 20 pp40-I cols 1-3 1-2 [Description of cliff dwellings in Arizona and New Mexico]

145 The Mammoth And Great Onyx Caves JEFFERS Le Roy 1918 Scielllific American ill (8) Aug 24 pp155 158 co Is 1-33

[Description suggestion that the caves be taken over by Parks Service]

146 The Decorah Ice Cave And Its Explanation KOVARIK Alois F 1898 Scielllijic American Suppiemelll 46 (1195) Nov 26 pp19158-9 cols 1-31-2

[Description measurements of ice and temperature See Anon 1860(a) amp (b)]

147 The Cave Bear KURTEN Bjorn 1972 Scielllijic American 226 (3) March pp60-267-7072

[Article concerning known facts about Ursus spelaeus]

148 Remarkable Wells And Caverns Le PLONGEON Alice D 1885 Scielllijic American Suppiemelll 20 (508) Sept 26 p805 cols 1-2

[Visit to caves in Yucatan Mexico most un-named except for Xtacunbi Xunan The Hidden Lady]

149 The Evolution Of Paleolithic Art LEROI-GOURHAN Andre 1968 Scielllijic American 218 (2) Feb pp59-70

[Discussion of paintings in Spain and France]

150 The Archeology Of Lascaux Cave LEROI-GOURHAN Arlette 1982 Scielllijic American 246 (6) June pp80-8

[Paintings and their production by the original artists]

lSI The Ice Cavern Of Dobschau LOWE W Bezant 1879 Scielllijic American Suppiemelll~ (195) Sept 27 p3097 coil

[Description of Hungarian cave]

152 The Cave Dwellers Of Mexico LUMHOLTZ Carl 1894 Scielllijic American 71 (4) July 28 p54 cols 1-2 Reprinted from Scribners Magazine

[Inhabited caves near Sinaloa]

153 The Luray Caverns LUSK Graham 1886 Scientific American Supplemelll 21 (534) March 27 pp8S33-4 cols 2-31 From SM Quarterly

[Theory of formation description of cave]

154 The Caves And Dene-Holes At Chiselhurst MACARTNEY MHH 1904 Scielllijic American 90 (17) April 23 p323 cols 1-2

[Description of visit to these Kent tourist caves]

155 Early Man In The Andes MACNEISH Richard S 1971 Scielllijic American 224 (4) April pp36-46

[Archeology in Flea and Pepper Caves Peru]

156 The Abyss Of Jean Nouveau (Vaucluse) MARTEL EA 1893 Scielllijic American Suppiemelll 36 Sept 9 p14754 cols 2-3 From La Nalure

[Description Qf cave theories of formation Survey Martel is not credited as author in the report]


157 Descent Of The Abyss Of Gaping Ghyll England MARTEL EA 1896(a) Scienlijic American Supplemenl 41 (1054) March 14 ppI6852-4 cols 31-3 1-2 From La NaJure

[Account of his classic descent and description of cave Survey Includes the drawings of his descent and of the main chamber]

158 Puffmg Holes MARTEL EA I 896(b) Scienlijic American Supplemenl 41 (1067) June 13 pp17050-t cols 31-3 From La NaJure

[General article based on the Kilkee puffing hole Eire]

159 The Cavern Of Proumeyssac MARTEL EA 1909 Scienlijic American Supplemenl 67 (1729) Feb 20 ppI21-2 cols 1-31 -3 From La NaJure

[Rediscovery of lost cavern description]

160 Cave Exploration In The Eastern United States MERCER Henry C 1896 Scienlijic American 75 (3) July 18 pp36-7 cols 2-31-2

[General article concerning cave archeology Caves mentioned Big Bone Bone Carrols Copperas Indian Lookout amp Zirkels]

161 Cave Exploration In California MERRIAM John C 1903(b) Scienlijic American Supplemenl 56 (1458) Dec 12 p23369 cols 2-3

[Account of talk on general uses of cave exploration eg archeology]

162 Caves MITCHELL Guy E 1927 Scienlijic American 136 (6) June pp401-3

[General article mentioning caves of Britain and America mentioned are Carlsbad Mark Twains Mammoth etc]

163 The Great Flint Mines Of Grimes Graves MOIR J Reid 1929 Scienlijic American ill Nov pp394-5

[History and excavation of flint mines in Norfolk]

164 Archeology And The Earliest Art MOVIUS Hallam L 1953 Scienlijic American 189 (2) Aug ppI830-5 cover

[Cave art in France and Spain]

165 Archaeology Of Mammoth Cave And Viclnlty A Preliminary Report NELSON NC 1917 Scienlijic American Supplemenl 83 (2157) May 5 p275 cols 2-3 From NaJ Academy Of Sciences

Proceedings [Specimens found theories of agricultural or hunting people]

166 Life In Caves NICHOLAS G 1955 Scienlijic American 192 (5) May pp98-102I04106

[General article on cave fauna and conservation]

167 Creatures Of Perpetual Night NOBLE G Kingsley 1928 Scienlijic American 139 (5) Nov pp430-2

[Collection of salamanders and other animals from Marvel Cave Missouri]

168 The Atmosphere Of Caves NORTON R 1886 Scienlijic American 55 (26) Dec 25 p40t cols 1-2

[Telt)perature and humidity measurements in Mammoth Cave]

169 Mexican Caves With Human Remains PALMER Edward 1882 Scienlijic American Supplemenl 13 (333) May 20 pp5316-17 cols 3 1-2 From American

Naturalist [Un-named caves in Coahuila state]

170 Perpetual Ice In A Lava Bed PECK AP 1935 Scienlijic American 153 Dec p305

[Description ljnd explanation of an ice cave in New Mexico]

171 Some Curious Australian Caves PLUMMER John 1903 Scientific American Supplemenl 55 (1414) Feb 7 p22667 col I

[Description of an un-named New South Wales cave near Cudgegong]


172 The Grotto Of Gargas REGNAULT F 1885 Scientific American Supplement 20 (508) Sept 26 pp8103-4 cols 3 1-2 From La NaJure

[Description of cave in Pyrenees bones found]

173 The Fish River Caves Near Sydney Australia RICHTER JE 1884 Scientific American i (15) Oct II pp223229 cols fpI-3

[General description of visit fp of illust taken from photographs See also Richter J E 1900]

174 The Fish River Caves Near Sydney Australia RICHTER J E 1900 Scientific American Supplement 50 (1291) Sept 29 pp20687-8 cols 1-3 1-3

[A reprint of Richter JE 1884]

175 A Bottomless Pit RIGGS Henry H 1914 Scientific American ill (3) July 18 p46 cols 1-2

[Description of entrance to an un-named Turkish cave not entered]

176 The Intermittent Siphon In Nature SCHULER Ellis W 1918 Scientific American ill (7) Aug 17 p131 cols 1-3

[Theories of mechanism applied to a Virginia spring]

177 Prehistoric Man In Manunoth Cave SCHWARTZ Douglas W 1960 Scientific American 203 (1) July pp130-8

[History of discoveries and relics]

178 Probable Existence Of A Great Cavern Under Lancaster Pa SCOTT Walter 1866 Scientific American 14 (15) April 7 p228 col 3

[Theory based on finding an eyeless catfish cave-ins and breaking into passages when drilling wells]

179 Shanidar Cave SOLECKI Ralph S 1957 Scientific American 197 (5) Nov pp58-64

[Archeology in Iraq cave]

180 Prehistoric Man I amp II STANLEY WF 1908 Scientific American Supplement 66 Part 1 (1701) Aug 8 pp90-1 cols 1-3 1-3 Part 2 (1702) Aug 15 ppl06-7 co Is 1-31-3

[Various references to caves mostly in Britain concerning archeological finds]

181 The Cave or The Puy De Dome STEWART Henry 1867 Scientific American 17 (22) Nov 30 p339 col 2

[Reply to letter by MA D (Anon 1867)]

182 More Wonderful Than The Manunoth Cave TALBOT DL 1859 Scientific American I (5) July 30 p70 col 3 Reprinted from the Fort Wayne Times

[Comparison of Wyandotte Cave with Mammoth Cave]

183 When Reindeer Roamed The Pyrenees - 1 TREAT Ida 1929 Scientific American HL (6) Dec pp478-81

[General article on French cave men and paintings various caves named]

184 When Relpdeer Roamed The Pyrenees - II TREAT Ida 1930 Scientific American 142 (1) Jan pp22-5

[Concludes article begun the previous issue]

185 Natural Resources Of Virginia And West Virginia UNDERWOOD BG 1892 Scientific American 67 (26) Dec 24 pp402 404-5 cols 1-31-31-3

[Brief mention and photograph of Saltpeter Cave]

186 An Ice Mine That Freezes In Summer And Melts In Winter VANDERMUELEN C~arles Arthur 1916 Scientific American ill (19) May 6 pp470 495 cols 3 I

[Description no explanation See Balch 1916]

187 Experiments Made At The Laboratory In The Catacombs Effect Of Darkness Upon Animals Etc VIRE Armand 1904 Scientific American 90 (17) April 23 pp322-3 cols 31

[Account of effect of keeping normal animals in the dark and cave animals in the light]

188 Subterraneous Flora And Fauna ZACHARIAS Otto 1888 Scientific American Supplement 26 (664) Sept 22 pp10612-13 col s 1-3 I From Ilusrine ZeilUng

[Detailed descriptions with eight drawings of cave life)

INDEX

NB Numbers refer 10 refe1ences

Subsidiary indexes are included for

Caves Cave dwellings Cave life Clubs amp societies

Journals amp periodicals People Photographen Surveys

Un-named caves and US states with cave rqtrtncts

Africa 56 79

Air currents 3 64 146 168

Algiers JO

American Cavern Club 1)0

Analysis of cave air 24 168

Archeology 9 19 25 29 33 44-5 57 66 75 81 89 93~

99-100 104 107-9 113 147 155 160-1 163-5 169

172 177 179-180 183-4

Archeology set also Cae Paintings

Artesian weI 47

Asia 55

Autralia 48 78 171 173-4

Austria 45 51 58 87 188

Austrian Speleological Society 87

Balloon measurement of height of caves 135-6

Borneo 49

Brazil 31

Britain 162 180

Britain see also under England Eire amp Scotland

Caves

Adelsbr rg Yugoslavia 26 84 188

set also Postojna jama

Altamira Cave Spain 164

Aven Annand France 132

Balls Cave New York 118

Bat Cave Kentucky 22

Bed-quilt Cave Kentucky 130 136

Big Bone Cave Tennessee 160

Blue Spring Cave Kentucky 162

Bone Cave Kentucky 136

Bone Cave Tennessee 160

Bungonia Caves Australia 78

Buss2rd Cave Kentucky 162

Cacahuamilpa Cave of Mexico 18 36

Campbells Cave Kentucky 162

Carlsbad Cavern New Mexico 162

Carrols Cave Tennessee 160

Cathedral Cave Australia 48

Cave of Cacahuamilpa Mexico 18 36

Cave of Entere France 183

Cave of the Fountains Va 17 131

Cave of the Wind CO 119-120 125

Caverna da Rifina Brazil 31

Caves ctd

Chiselhurst Dene-Holes 154

Coiossal Cavern Kentucky 130 136

Combarelles France 71-2 77 183

ConnellyS Cave Kentucky 162

Copperas Cave Tennessee 160

Coudersport Freezing Cave Pen 97 186

Crystal Cave South Dakota 115

Dachstein Ice Cave Austria 87

Davis Cave Kentucky 131

Decorah Ice Cave Iowa 6-7 146

Devils Hopper Cave Georgia 12

Diamond Cave Kentucky 136

Dixons Cave Kentucky 129 131 136

Dobschau Ice Cavern Of Hungary 151

Donelsons Cave Kentucky 162

Dry Cave Kentucky 162

Elder Cave Australia 173-4

Endless Caverns Virginia 162

Entere Cave of France 183

Fingals Cave Scotland 46 103

Fish River Caves Australia 173 174

Flea cave Peru 155

Font de Gaume France 71-2 77 183

Fountain Cave Virginia 17 131

Franchthi Cave Greece 96

Ganter Cave Kentucky 136

Gaping Ghyll England 157

Gargas Grotto Of France 172 184

Glow Wonn Caves Of Tasmania 59

Grand Cave Tennessee 65

Grand Crystal Cave KY 25 39 117 136

Great Onyx Cave Kentucky 145

Grimes Graves England 163

Grinstaffs Cave Kentucky 162

Grotto Del Cane Italy 24

Grotto of Gargas France 172 184

Gypsum Cave Nevada 109

Hamers Cavern Kentucky 162

Hanover Cave Indiana 117 119

Hartmans Cave Pennsylvania 104

Howes Cave New York 118-19 162

Imperial Cave Australia 173-4

Indian Cave Tennessee 160

Ingleborough Cave England 157

Jabrud Shelter I Cave Israel 99

Jean Nouveau Abyss Of France 156

Jewell Cavern Virginia 126

Kents Cavern England 147 180

Kilkee Puffing Hole Eire 158

La Madeleine France 183

La Mouthe Cave France 164

La Pasiega Cave Spain 164


Caves ctd

Lascaux France 149-150 164

Leitchfield Cave Kentucky 39

Le Moustier France 94 99

Le Portel France 184

Little Wyandotte Cave Indiana 162

Lolly Cave Australia 173-4

Long Cave Kentucky 136

Lookout Cave Tennessee 160

Lucas Cave Australia 173-4

Leugloch [Lurloch) Cave Austria 58

Luray Cav~rns Virginia 41-2 102

116 123 125 128 153 162

168 173-4

Lurline Cave Australia 173-4

Maddisons Cave 131

Mammoth Cave Kentucky 138 15 17-202537

415364105-6116-18120-2124-7129131

134-9 145 153 162 165-6 168 173-4 177 182 188

see also Dixons (original entrance)

Mammoth Crystal Cavern SD 128

Manitou Grand Caverns Colorado 125

Marble Cave Missouri 44 113

Marengo Cavern Indiana 50 124

Mark Twains Cave Missouri 16 162

Marvel Cave Missouri 167

Montespan France 93 184

Nettle Cave Australia 173-4

Niagra Ice Grottoes New York 41

Niaux Cave France 164 184

Nicojack Cave Tennessee 131

Niter Cave Virginia 110

Ombrives Grotto Of 107

Otsgarage Cavern (Howes Cave) NY 118

Painted Cave Texas 40

Pairnon-Pair Cave France 164

Pattees Cave New Hampshire 111

Peak Cavern England 26

Peche-Merle France 149

Pepper Cave Peru 155

Perpetual Ice Cave 170

Picketts Cave CO 119-120 125

Portel Cave France 164

Postojna Jama Yugoslavia 26 84

Proctor Cave Kentucky 136

Proumeyssac Cavern of France 159

Puy De Dome Cave of the France 10 181

Rothgart Cave [Mediterranean) 81

Rufners Cave Virgjnia 116

Saltpeter Cave Virginia 185

Salts Cave KY 130 131 136 177

Schonsteinhohle Austria 51

Scotts Cave Kentucky 131

The Journal ojSpelean History

Caves ctd

Shanidar Cave Iraq 179

Shawl Cave Australia 173-4

Shenandoah Caverns Virginia 162

Shiloh Cave Kenrucky 162

Short Cave Kenrucky 136

Shubbabiq Cave Israel 99

Siberts Cave Indiana 50

Solomons Hole California 4

Sophienhohle Austria 51

Stalactite Cave Tennessee 65

Steinbach Cave Austria 51

Sterlingbush Calcite Cave NY 101

Surtshellir Cave Iceland 74

Swingle Cae Kenrucky 22

Terrara Caves Australia 78

Trois Freres France 184

Tuc D Audoubert France 93 184

Victoria Cave England 180

Waitomo Glow-Wortn Cave New Zealand 166

Weyers Cave IN 17 98 116-17131 162

Whites Cave Kentucky 122 129 136

Wilson Cave Kentucky 136

Wind Cave Dakota 69 114

Wind Cave Kentucky 136

Wyandotte Cave IN 4150 116-18 120 124-5 131

136 162 168 182

Xtacunbi Xunan Mexico 149

Zeus Cave of 66

Zircles Cave Virginia 16L

Zirkels Cave Tennessee 160

Cave bear 147

Cave Dwelllngs

Africa 79

Arizona 38 62 144 160

Colorado 23

France 90-1 132

Grand Canary Island 63

Kimberley South Africa 68

Mexico 152

New Mexico 34 38 144

Turkestan 55

Cave Life

Amphibia 166

Bats 3 16 18223142496785 140 162 166

Birds 49 166

Blindness general article 106

Crustacea 15 19-20 105 136 166-7 187

Experimentation on 70 92 187

37

Cave life ctd

Fish 3 13 15 19-20 30 37 47 116 137 149 162

166 178 187-8

Fungi 116 130 166 188

General article on 166

Glow worms 59

Insects 3 15 84 105 126 166

Proteus 26 70 84

Rat 3

Salamander 70 92 166-7 188

Spiders 153

Cave museum ~4 86 98 101

Cave paintings amp carvings 28 40 71-2 77 100 149-150

164 183-4

Cave rescue 58

Caves used in industry 65

Clubs And Societies

American Cavern Club 130

Austrian Speleological Soc 87

French Acadamy of Science 132

Society for Cavern Research 84

Society of Cavern Explorers Graz 58

The Boys Exploring Assoc 119-20

Crete 66

Eating bats 16

Edible bird s nests 49

Eire 158

Electric lighting Luray Caverns 123

England 26 32 154 157 163

Fictional caves amp hoaxes 25 39 117 136

France 10 57 71-2 77 90-1 94 107 132 149-50 156

159 164 181 183-4

French Academy of Science 132

Germany 188

Gibraltar 9

Gran Canaria Island 63

Greece 96

Growth of ice crystals 74

rate of formations 118 173-4

rate of stalagmites 118

Guano 67 121

see also Saltpeter

Hungary 151

Ice caves 6-7 10 35 60-1 74 76 87 97 146 151 170

181186

Iceland 74

Illumination of caves 43 123

Illustrations 17 43 45 49 51 68 74 82 85 89 93 99

107 109 Ill 113 116 136 141-2 147 149-51 155

157-9 163-4 172-4 179 188

see also Photographs

Iraq 179

Israel 99

Italy 2124

Jail cave used as 73

Japan 60-61

Journals amp periodicals

Amer Journal of Science amp Arts 117

American Naturalist 47 169

Atlanta Constitution 42

Beloit College Monthly 105

Chemical News 24

Cincinnati Commercial 25

Cincinnati Enquirer 22

Courrier de Tlemcen Algiers 30

Darling Downs Gazette Australia 48

Detroit Free Press 29

English Mechanic amp World Of Science 78

Fort Benton Press 35

Globus 57

Grayson Advocate Leitchfield 39

Great Divide 54

mustrated London News 49 68 93

IIlustrirte Zeitung 4551 188

La Crosse Chronicle 100

La Illustracion Espanola Y Americana 63

La Lumiere Electrique 43

La Nature 82 103 107 156-9 172

Land and Water 26

Leipziger IIlustrirte Zeitung 45 5 I 188

London Field 60

Medical And Surgical Reporter 21

Mineralogists Monthly 56

Monthly Weather Review 141-3

Montrose Republican 13

Nat Academy Of Sciences Proc 165

Nature 20 70

New York Sun 62

New York Tribune 38

NO Picayune 2

Our Animal Friends 106

Popular Science Review 9

Proc of the Chemical Society24

Public Opinion 61

Revue Universelle 58

Rio News 31

San Antonio Express 40

Science Service 95


Journals amp periodicals cld

Scribners Magazine 152

Daily Ledg~ r 124

Fort Wayne Times 182

Sillimans Journal 3

SM Quarterly 153

Telegraph Sheffield 32

The Alienist And Neurologist 64

The New Albany (Indiana) Ledger I

The Worcester Spy 133

TI)masville Enterprise 12

Umschau 81

United States Gazette Philadelphia 8

Wisconsin Chronicle 28

Laos 82

Lava caves 1060-6167 162 170 181

Lectures by Hovey HC 41 50 52-3

Merriam Prof John C 161

Les Eyzies France 91

Mammoth cave park suggestion for fonnation of 139

Medical treatment cave used for 21 64 118 168

Mexico 2 18 36 148 152 169

Mushroom farming 90 123 170

New York 86 99 101

New Zealand 166

Niagra ice grottoes 41

People

(See also Photographers and references by author)

Applegate 124

Armand Louis 132

Annstrong 163

Baring Gould 91

Barry Frank 138

Birkbeck J 157

Bishop Edward 139

Bishop Stephen 133 139 145

Blackall Dr CR 133

Bliss Porte C 18

Blow Henry T 44

Braidwood Robert 179

Brandsford Nick 137

Bransford William 138

Breuil Henri 71-2 77 164

Call Dr R Ellsworth 129 133-5 139

Cameron Hugh 28

Campbell 42 123

Campbell Andrew J 116 153

Campbell George 62

Capitan 71-2 77

The Journal ofSpelean History

People cld

Caruthers 35

Casteret Norbert 93

Cawein FW 136

Chapman Pike 130

Cope Prof ED 15 160 107

Croghan John 133 139

Crosier ES 124

Daleau Francois 164

De Chastaignier 172

Edwards L P 145

Einbigler Benjamin F 137-9

Emery J B 44

Farrer James 17

Figue iredo 31

Finot 24

Forwood Dr Stump 129

Fowke Gerard 135-6

Gallaher Clark 167

Galou 159

Ganter HC 129 139

Gardner 27

Garrigou 172

Garrod Dorothy 179

Garvin William 127 136

Gilder Robert F 89

Goodwin William B III

Guyot Prof 3

Harrison 157

Hawkins Edward 138

Hazen L W 136

Hogarth 66

Holmes WH 23

Hooper 54

Hotchkiss Major Jed 132

Hovey Edmund Otis 86 12

Hovey HC 41 50 52-3

Howe Lester 118

Howell Everett 62

Huddleston DY 126

Janet Annand 158

janin Judge Albert Covington 139

Janin Violet Blair 139

Jefferson Thomas 1 I

Jewell Cpt 126

Jones Charles 124

Jones Hodge T 44

Kaemper Max E 139

Kammerer Prof Paul 92

Kelley (or Kelly) Thomas 25 39

Knoblauch Hugo 21

Lambert 35

Lame Johnnie 114

39

People cld

Lamil g-Emperaire Annette 164

Lee Edmund C 135

Lee Edmund F 133

Tom 136

Lee Will is T 162

Leidy Dr 33

Lynch Genevieve 167

Macey 82

Madison ames 13 t

Malltell RN 3

Ma shall Byron C 167

Marte l E A 132-3 138

Matson George C 83

Man 135

McClees Thomas 22

Miller Dr HG 28

Miller W S 135

M lIwraith W 48

Mohr Charles 166

MOrimore Edwin 26

Moser Prof 81

Mowbrand Frank de 137

Mulhanen Joseph 39

Nelson John M 135-8

Nelson NC 177

Paret T Dunkin 104

Parrish Nonnan A 137-9

Peake SAE 163

Pepper Dr William 160

Pickett John amp George 120

Piette Edouard 164

Porter Dr 33

Powell Truman S 113

Powell William T 113

Prentice William C 129 137

Proctor Major George M 25

Puckett J R 25

Putnam Prof F W 19-20

Quaglia Carlos 36

Safford hmes M 160

Samuel Dayid 100

Schwalbe B 76

Shaler Prof 20 29 129

Silliman Jnr Prof 3

Snider GW 126

Stabler John 114

Stebbins 116 123

Stephenson (or Stev~nson) F James 38 137 139

Stewart Samuel 124

Stewart Sherman 124

Stone John E 39

Taylor George Lansing 137

People cld

Valpy Edward 137

Vaughan Edgar 136

Vire Armand 132-3

Vischer Hans 79

Whitehouse Cope 46

Wie I Van 40

Wilkins 135

Young T G 24

Periodicals see Journals

Peru 155

PhotoiTaphers

Begouen Max 184

Coles HAV 93

Cross WR 115

Hains Ben 50 127 129-30 133 136

House Harry A 126

Hovey HC 136

James C H 123

Mascovich S 115

Passig brothers 31

Pinson H M 138

Robert Romain 164

Stebbins BP 116 153

Strickler JD 102 162

Vire Armand 132

Photographs 63 65 73-74 84-90 93-4 101-2 108-9 112

114-15 126 132 136-7 139-40 144-6 149-50 155

158-60 162-4 166-7 170 175 177 179 183-6

see also Illustrations

Pollution of caves 83

Predictions of cave passages 178

Railways Virginia 185

Removal of fonnarions 98 101 128

Russia 95

Sale of cave formations 14

Saltpeter 8 1664 67 110 126 131 177

Scotland 46 103

Sea caves 112


of Cavern Explorers Austria 58

see also clubs

South Africa 68

Spain 149 164

Speleogenesis 3 46 48 129 153 156 159

Springs 141-143 176

Stalactites speed of growth 173-4


Surveys

Aven Armand 132

Cave of the Winds (Picketts Cave) 125

Cavern of Promeyssac 159

Gaping Ghyll 157

Howes Cave 118

Jean Nouveau Abyss of 156

Lascaux 149-50

Leugloch 58

Luray Caverns 123

Lurays ventilated house 102

Mammoth cave 133 136-9 177

MammothmiddotCave Pits amp Domes 127

Manitou Grand Caverns 125

Marble Cave 113

Montespan 93

Pattees Caves 111

Picketts Cave (Cave of the Winds) 125

Salt mine Nevada 108

Se Bang Fai River 82

Shanidar Cave 179

Swingle Cave 22

Switzerland 75

Tasmania 59

Temperature measurement 3 6-7 24 60 76 87 102

113-14 116-17 122 124-5 128 136 146 186

The Boys Exploring Association 119-20

Treatment of rheumatics 21

Turkestan 55

Turkey 175

Un-named Caves

Africa 56

Algiers 30

Australia 171

Austria 45 147

France 1057 147

Gibraltar 9

Italy 21

Japan 61

Laos 82

Mexicb 2 169

Switzerland 75

Turkestan 55

Turkey 175

USA California 27 80 112

USA Colorado 54

Un-named caves ctd

USA Indiana 1

U~A Iowa 11

USA Massachusetts 6

USA Missouri 14 88

USA Montana 35

USA Pennsylvania 33

USA Texas 40

USA Virginia 29

USA Wisconsin 28 100

USA States with cave references

Alabama 8

Arizona 38 62 73 86 144

Arkansas 8

California 4 13 27 47 80 112 161

Colorado 23 54 119-20 125

Dakota 69

Georgia 12

Indiana 152 117 124 131 136 162

168 182

Iowa 6-7 11 146

Kentucky 138 15 17-20222537394150

52-364 105-6 116-18 120-2 124-39 145 153 162

165-6 168 173-4 177 182 188

Massachusetts 5

Mississippi 70 117

Missouri 14 16 44 88-9 113 167

Montana 35

Nevada 108-9

New Hampshire III

New Mexico 34 3867 144 162 170

New York 118-19 162

Pennsylvania 3397 104 186

South Dakota 114-15 128

Tennessee 8 65 160

Texas 40 70

Virginia 17 29 41 -2 98 102 110 116 125-6 128

131 153 162 168 173-4 176 185

Wisconsin 28 100

Wyoming 162

Vandalism in caves 69 119

Virginian railways 185

Welbeck passages below 32

Worlds Columbian Exposition Chicago 128

Yugoslavia 26 84 188

The Journal ofSpeleall History 41

THE JOURNAL OF SPELEAN HISTORY

Volume 28 No 2

The Association

The American ~pelean History Association is chartered as a non-profit corporation for the study dissemination and interpretation of spelean history and related purposes All persons who are interested in these goas are cordially invited to become members Annual membership is $8 Meetings are held in conjunction with the annual convention of the National Speleological Society and sometimes at West Virginias Old Timers Reunion

Front Cover

The photo used for the cover is undated but has the following caption on the back Mammouth Cave Hotel Mammouth Cave Ky Iva seated on bench

Officers

President Susan Holler PO Box 100

Old Fort NC 28762

Vice-President Carolyn E Cronk 1595 Blueberry Hills Rd

Monument CO 80132

Secretary-Treasurer Fred Grady 1202 S Scott Street 123

Arlington V A 22204

Trustees

Russ Gurnee Gary K Soule Larry E Matthews Jack Speece Marion O Smith

April-June 1994

The Journal of Spelean History

The Association publishes the Journal of Spelean History on a quarterly basis Pertinent articles or reprints are welcomed Manuscripts should be typed and double-spaced Submissions of rough drafts for preliminary editing is encouraged Illustrations require special handling and arrangements should be made wi th the edi tor in advance Photos and illustrations will be returned upon request

Back Issues

Most back issues of the Journal are available Early issues are photocopied Indices are also available for Volumes 1-6 and 13 Send your requests to Fred Grady (address given with the officers) All issues of Volumes 1-72 are available on microfiche from

Kraus Reprint Company Route 100

Mill wood New York 10546

Official Quarterly Publication AMERICAN SPELEAN HISTORY

ASSOCIATION History Section

National Speleological Society

Production

Editor Carolyn E Cronk 1595 Blueberry Hills Rd

Monument CO 80132

Layout and Proofreading Robert N Cronk

Priming D C Grotto Potomac Speleological Club Press

An Excerpt from


with




Chapter IX







CAVE REFERENCES IN


By Chris Howes

INTRODUCTION




Scope of the index







Published indexes













Thus



Using the index










Acknowledgments




































































































































































































































































































































































































INDEX






Africa 56 79


Algiers JO



Archeology 9 19 25 29 33 44-5 57 66 75 81 89 93~

99-100 104 107-9 113 147 155 160-1 163-5 169

172 177 179-180 183-4


Artesian weI 47

Asia 55

Autralia 48 78 171 173-4

Austria 45 51 58 87 188



Borneo 49

Brazil 31

Britain 162 180


Caves
























Caves ctd






















Flea cave Peru 155
































Caves ctd












116 123 125 128 153 162

168 173-4


Maddisons Cave 131


415364105-6116-18120-2124-7129131

134-9 145 153 162 165-6 168 173-4 177 182 188
































Salts Cave KY 130 131 136 177




Caves ctd




















Weyers Cave IN 17 98 116-17131 162






136 162 168 182


Zeus Cave of 66



Cave bear 147

Cave Dwelllngs

Africa 79

Arizona 38 62 144 160

Colorado 23

France 90-1 132



Mexico 152


Turkestan 55

Cave Life

Amphibia 166

Bats 3 16 18223142496785 140 162 166

Birds 49 166


Crustacea 15 19-20 105 136 166-7 187


37

Cave life ctd

Fish 3 13 15 19-20 30 37 47 116 137 149 162

166 178 187-8

Fungi 116 130 166 188


Glow worms 59

Insects 3 15 84 105 126 166

Proteus 26 70 84

Rat 3

Salamander 70 92 166-7 188

Spiders 153



164 183-4

Cave rescue 58


Clubs And Societies







Crete 66

Eating bats 16


Eire 158


England 26 32 154 157 163


France 10 57 71-2 77 90-1 94 107 132 149-50 156

159 164 181 183-4


Germany 188

Gibraltar 9


Greece 96




Guano 67 121

see also Saltpeter

Hungary 151

Ice caves 6-7 10 35 60-1 74 76 87 97 146 151 170

181186

Iceland 74


Illustrations 17 43 45 49 51 68 74 82 85 89 93 99

107 109 Ill 113 116 136 141-2 147 149-51 155

157-9 163-4 172-4 179 188


Iraq 179

Israel 99

Italy 2124


Japan 60-61






Chemical News 24








Globus 57


Great Divide 54






La Nature 82 103 107 156-9 172

Land and Water 26


London Field 60






Nature 20 70

New York Sun 62

New York Tribune 38

NO Picayune 2




Public Opinion 61


Rio News 31


Science Service 95




Daily Ledg~ r 124


Sillimans Journal 3

SM Quarterly 153






Umschau 81



Laos 82

Lava caves 1060-6167 162 170 181






Mexico 2 18 36 148 152 169


New York 86 99 101

New Zealand 166


People


Applegate 124

Armand Louis 132

Annstrong 163

Baring Gould 91

Barry Frank 138

Birkbeck J 157

Bishop Edward 139


Blackall Dr CR 133

Bliss Porte C 18

Blow Henry T 44


Brandsford Nick 137




Cameron Hugh 28

Campbell 42 123


Campbell George 62

Capitan 71-2 77


People cld

Caruthers 35

Casteret Norbert 93

Cawein FW 136

Chapman Pike 130



Crosier ES 124

Daleau Francois 164

De Chastaignier 172

Edwards L P 145


Emery J B 44

Farrer James 17

Figue iredo 31

Finot 24


Fowke Gerard 135-6

Gallaher Clark 167

Galou 159

Ganter HC 129 139

Gardner 27

Garrigou 172

Garrod Dorothy 179


Gilder Robert F 89


Guyot Prof 3

Harrison 157

Hawkins Edward 138

Hazen L W 136

Hogarth 66

Holmes WH 23

Hooper 54



Hovey HC 41 50 52-3

Howe Lester 118

Howell Everett 62

Huddleston DY 126

Janet Annand 158




Jewell Cpt 126

Jones Charles 124

Jones Hodge T 44

Kaemper Max E 139



Knoblauch Hugo 21

Lambert 35

Lame Johnnie 114

39

People cld


Lee Edmund C 135

Lee Edmund F 133

Tom 136

Lee Will is T 162

Leidy Dr 33

Lynch Genevieve 167

Macey 82

Madison ames 13 t

Malltell RN 3


Marte l E A 132-3 138

Matson George C 83

Man 135

McClees Thomas 22

Miller Dr HG 28

Miller W S 135

M lIwraith W 48

Mohr Charles 166

MOrimore Edwin 26

Moser Prof 81


Mulhanen Joseph 39

Nelson John M 135-8

Nelson NC 177

Paret T Dunkin 104


Peake SAE 163



Piette Edouard 164

Porter Dr 33

Powell Truman S 113




Puckett J R 25


Quaglia Carlos 36

Safford hmes M 160

Samuel Dayid 100

Schwalbe B 76


Silliman Jnr Prof 3

Snider GW 126

Stabler John 114

Stebbins 116 123


Stewart Samuel 124

Stewart Sherman 124

Stone John E 39


People cld

Valpy Edward 137

Vaughan Edgar 136

Vire Armand 132-3

Vischer Hans 79

Whitehouse Cope 46

Wie I Van 40

Wilkins 135

Young T G 24


Peru 155

PhotoiTaphers

Begouen Max 184

Coles HAV 93

Cross WR 115

Hains Ben 50 127 129-30 133 136

House Harry A 126

Hovey HC 136

James C H 123

Mascovich S 115

Passig brothers 31

Pinson H M 138

Robert Romain 164

Stebbins BP 116 153


Vire Armand 132

Photographs 63 65 73-74 84-90 93-4 101-2 108-9 112

114-15 126 132 136-7 139-40 144-6 149-50 155

158-60 162-4 166-7 170 175 177 179 183-6






Russia 95


Saltpeter 8 1664 67 110 126 131 177

Scotland 46 103

Sea caves 112



see also clubs

South Africa 68

Spain 149 164

Speleogenesis 3 46 48 129 153 156 159

Springs 141-143 176



Surveys

Aven Armand 132



Gaping Ghyll 157

Howes Cave 118


Lascaux 149-50

Leugloch 58

Luray Caverns 123





Marble Cave 113

Montespan 93

Pattees Caves 111




Shanidar Cave 179

Swingle Cave 22

Switzerland 75

Tasmania 59


113-14 116-17 122 124-5 128 136 146 186



Turkestan 55

Turkey 175

Un-named Caves

Africa 56

Algiers 30

Australia 171

Austria 45 147

France 1057 147

Gibraltar 9

Italy 21

Japan 61

Laos 82

Mexicb 2 169

Switzerland 75

Turkestan 55

Turkey 175


USA Colorado 54

Un-named caves ctd

USA Indiana 1

U~A Iowa 11

USA Massachusetts 6

USA Missouri 14 88

USA Montana 35

USA Pennsylvania 33

USA Texas 40

USA Virginia 29



Alabama 8

Arizona 38 62 73 86 144

Arkansas 8

California 4 13 27 47 80 112 161

Colorado 23 54 119-20 125

Dakota 69

Georgia 12

Indiana 152 117 124 131 136 162

168 182

Iowa 6-7 11 146

Kentucky 138 15 17-20222537394150

52-364 105-6 116-18 120-2 124-39 145 153 162

165-6 168 173-4 177 182 188

Massachusetts 5

Mississippi 70 117

Missouri 14 16 44 88-9 113 167

Montana 35

Nevada 108-9

New Hampshire III

New Mexico 34 3867 144 162 170

New York 118-19 162



Tennessee 8 65 160

Texas 40 70

Virginia 17 29 41 -2 98 102 110 116 125-6 128

131 153 162 168 173-4 176 185

Wisconsin 28 100

Wyoming 162







An Excerpt from


with




Chapter IX







CAVE REFERENCES IN


By Chris Howes

INTRODUCTION




Scope of the index







Published indexes













Thus



Using the index










Acknowledgments




































































































































































































































































































































































































INDEX






Africa 56 79


Algiers JO



Archeology 9 19 25 29 33 44-5 57 66 75 81 89 93~

99-100 104 107-9 113 147 155 160-1 163-5 169

172 177 179-180 183-4


Artesian weI 47

Asia 55

Autralia 48 78 171 173-4

Austria 45 51 58 87 188



Borneo 49

Brazil 31

Britain 162 180


Caves
























Caves ctd






















Flea cave Peru 155
































Caves ctd












116 123 125 128 153 162

168 173-4


Maddisons Cave 131


415364105-6116-18120-2124-7129131

134-9 145 153 162 165-6 168 173-4 177 182 188
































Salts Cave KY 130 131 136 177




Caves ctd




















Weyers Cave IN 17 98 116-17131 162






136 162 168 182


Zeus Cave of 66



Cave bear 147

Cave Dwelllngs

Africa 79

Arizona 38 62 144 160

Colorado 23

France 90-1 132



Mexico 152


Turkestan 55

Cave Life

Amphibia 166

Bats 3 16 18223142496785 140 162 166

Birds 49 166


Crustacea 15 19-20 105 136 166-7 187


37

Cave life ctd

Fish 3 13 15 19-20 30 37 47 116 137 149 162

166 178 187-8

Fungi 116 130 166 188


Glow worms 59

Insects 3 15 84 105 126 166

Proteus 26 70 84

Rat 3

Salamander 70 92 166-7 188

Spiders 153



164 183-4

Cave rescue 58


Clubs And Societies







Crete 66

Eating bats 16


Eire 158


England 26 32 154 157 163


France 10 57 71-2 77 90-1 94 107 132 149-50 156

159 164 181 183-4


Germany 188

Gibraltar 9


Greece 96




Guano 67 121

see also Saltpeter

Hungary 151

Ice caves 6-7 10 35 60-1 74 76 87 97 146 151 170

181186

Iceland 74


Illustrations 17 43 45 49 51 68 74 82 85 89 93 99

107 109 Ill 113 116 136 141-2 147 149-51 155

157-9 163-4 172-4 179 188


Iraq 179

Israel 99

Italy 2124


Japan 60-61






Chemical News 24








Globus 57


Great Divide 54






La Nature 82 103 107 156-9 172

Land and Water 26


London Field 60






Nature 20 70

New York Sun 62

New York Tribune 38

NO Picayune 2




Public Opinion 61


Rio News 31


Science Service 95




Daily Ledg~ r 124


Sillimans Journal 3

SM Quarterly 153






Umschau 81



Laos 82

Lava caves 1060-6167 162 170 181






Mexico 2 18 36 148 152 169


New York 86 99 101

New Zealand 166


People


Applegate 124

Armand Louis 132

Annstrong 163

Baring Gould 91

Barry Frank 138

Birkbeck J 157

Bishop Edward 139


Blackall Dr CR 133

Bliss Porte C 18

Blow Henry T 44


Brandsford Nick 137




Cameron Hugh 28

Campbell 42 123


Campbell George 62

Capitan 71-2 77


People cld

Caruthers 35

Casteret Norbert 93

Cawein FW 136

Chapman Pike 130



Crosier ES 124

Daleau Francois 164

De Chastaignier 172

Edwards L P 145


Emery J B 44

Farrer James 17

Figue iredo 31

Finot 24


Fowke Gerard 135-6

Gallaher Clark 167

Galou 159

Ganter HC 129 139

Gardner 27

Garrigou 172

Garrod Dorothy 179


Gilder Robert F 89


Guyot Prof 3

Harrison 157

Hawkins Edward 138

Hazen L W 136

Hogarth 66

Holmes WH 23

Hooper 54



Hovey HC 41 50 52-3

Howe Lester 118

Howell Everett 62

Huddleston DY 126

Janet Annand 158




Jewell Cpt 126

Jones Charles 124

Jones Hodge T 44

Kaemper Max E 139



Knoblauch Hugo 21

Lambert 35

Lame Johnnie 114

39

People cld


Lee Edmund C 135

Lee Edmund F 133

Tom 136

Lee Will is T 162

Leidy Dr 33

Lynch Genevieve 167

Macey 82

Madison ames 13 t

Malltell RN 3


Marte l E A 132-3 138

Matson George C 83

Man 135

McClees Thomas 22

Miller Dr HG 28

Miller W S 135

M lIwraith W 48

Mohr Charles 166

MOrimore Edwin 26

Moser Prof 81


Mulhanen Joseph 39

Nelson John M 135-8

Nelson NC 177

Paret T Dunkin 104


Peake SAE 163



Piette Edouard 164

Porter Dr 33

Powell Truman S 113




Puckett J R 25


Quaglia Carlos 36

Safford hmes M 160

Samuel Dayid 100

Schwalbe B 76


Silliman Jnr Prof 3

Snider GW 126

Stabler John 114

Stebbins 116 123


Stewart Samuel 124

Stewart Sherman 124

Stone John E 39


People cld

Valpy Edward 137

Vaughan Edgar 136

Vire Armand 132-3

Vischer Hans 79

Whitehouse Cope 46

Wie I Van 40

Wilkins 135

Young T G 24


Peru 155

PhotoiTaphers

Begouen Max 184

Coles HAV 93

Cross WR 115

Hains Ben 50 127 129-30 133 136

House Harry A 126

Hovey HC 136

James C H 123

Mascovich S 115

Passig brothers 31

Pinson H M 138

Robert Romain 164

Stebbins BP 116 153


Vire Armand 132

Photographs 63 65 73-74 84-90 93-4 101-2 108-9 112

114-15 126 132 136-7 139-40 144-6 149-50 155

158-60 162-4 166-7 170 175 177 179 183-6






Russia 95


Saltpeter 8 1664 67 110 126 131 177

Scotland 46 103

Sea caves 112



see also clubs

South Africa 68

Spain 149 164

Speleogenesis 3 46 48 129 153 156 159

Springs 141-143 176



Surveys

Aven Armand 132



Gaping Ghyll 157

Howes Cave 118


Lascaux 149-50

Leugloch 58

Luray Caverns 123





Marble Cave 113

Montespan 93

Pattees Caves 111




Shanidar Cave 179

Swingle Cave 22

Switzerland 75

Tasmania 59


113-14 116-17 122 124-5 128 136 146 186



Turkestan 55

Turkey 175

Un-named Caves

Africa 56

Algiers 30

Australia 171

Austria 45 147

France 1057 147

Gibraltar 9

Italy 21

Japan 61

Laos 82

Mexicb 2 169

Switzerland 75

Turkestan 55

Turkey 175


USA Colorado 54

Un-named caves ctd

USA Indiana 1

U~A Iowa 11

USA Massachusetts 6

USA Missouri 14 88

USA Montana 35

USA Pennsylvania 33

USA Texas 40

USA Virginia 29



Alabama 8

Arizona 38 62 73 86 144

Arkansas 8

California 4 13 27 47 80 112 161

Colorado 23 54 119-20 125

Dakota 69

Georgia 12

Indiana 152 117 124 131 136 162

168 182

Iowa 6-7 11 146

Kentucky 138 15 17-20222537394150

52-364 105-6 116-18 120-2 124-39 145 153 162

165-6 168 173-4 177 182 188

Massachusetts 5

Mississippi 70 117

Missouri 14 16 44 88-9 113 167

Montana 35

Nevada 108-9

New Hampshire III

New Mexico 34 3867 144 162 170

New York 118-19 162



Tennessee 8 65 160

Texas 40 70

Virginia 17 29 41 -2 98 102 110 116 125-6 128

131 153 162 168 173-4 176 185

Wisconsin 28 100

Wyoming 162











CAVE REFERENCES IN


By Chris Howes

INTRODUCTION




Scope of the index







Published indexes













Thus



Using the index










Acknowledgments




































































































































































































































































































































































































INDEX






Africa 56 79


Algiers JO



Archeology 9 19 25 29 33 44-5 57 66 75 81 89 93~

99-100 104 107-9 113 147 155 160-1 163-5 169

172 177 179-180 183-4


Artesian weI 47

Asia 55

Autralia 48 78 171 173-4

Austria 45 51 58 87 188



Borneo 49

Brazil 31

Britain 162 180


Caves
























Caves ctd






















Flea cave Peru 155
































Caves ctd












116 123 125 128 153 162

168 173-4


Maddisons Cave 131


415364105-6116-18120-2124-7129131

134-9 145 153 162 165-6 168 173-4 177 182 188
































Salts Cave KY 130 131 136 177




Caves ctd




















Weyers Cave IN 17 98 116-17131 162






136 162 168 182


Zeus Cave of 66



Cave bear 147

Cave Dwelllngs

Africa 79

Arizona 38 62 144 160

Colorado 23

France 90-1 132



Mexico 152


Turkestan 55

Cave Life

Amphibia 166

Bats 3 16 18223142496785 140 162 166

Birds 49 166


Crustacea 15 19-20 105 136 166-7 187


37

Cave life ctd

Fish 3 13 15 19-20 30 37 47 116 137 149 162

166 178 187-8

Fungi 116 130 166 188


Glow worms 59

Insects 3 15 84 105 126 166

Proteus 26 70 84

Rat 3

Salamander 70 92 166-7 188

Spiders 153



164 183-4

Cave rescue 58


Clubs And Societies







Crete 66

Eating bats 16


Eire 158


England 26 32 154 157 163


France 10 57 71-2 77 90-1 94 107 132 149-50 156

159 164 181 183-4


Germany 188

Gibraltar 9


Greece 96




Guano 67 121

see also Saltpeter

Hungary 151

Ice caves 6-7 10 35 60-1 74 76 87 97 146 151 170

181186

Iceland 74


Illustrations 17 43 45 49 51 68 74 82 85 89 93 99

107 109 Ill 113 116 136 141-2 147 149-51 155

157-9 163-4 172-4 179 188


Iraq 179

Israel 99

Italy 2124


Japan 60-61






Chemical News 24








Globus 57


Great Divide 54






La Nature 82 103 107 156-9 172

Land and Water 26


London Field 60






Nature 20 70

New York Sun 62

New York Tribune 38

NO Picayune 2




Public Opinion 61


Rio News 31


Science Service 95




Daily Ledg~ r 124


Sillimans Journal 3

SM Quarterly 153






Umschau 81



Laos 82

Lava caves 1060-6167 162 170 181






Mexico 2 18 36 148 152 169


New York 86 99 101

New Zealand 166


People


Applegate 124

Armand Louis 132

Annstrong 163

Baring Gould 91

Barry Frank 138

Birkbeck J 157

Bishop Edward 139


Blackall Dr CR 133

Bliss Porte C 18

Blow Henry T 44


Brandsford Nick 137




Cameron Hugh 28

Campbell 42 123


Campbell George 62

Capitan 71-2 77


People cld

Caruthers 35

Casteret Norbert 93

Cawein FW 136

Chapman Pike 130



Crosier ES 124

Daleau Francois 164

De Chastaignier 172

Edwards L P 145


Emery J B 44

Farrer James 17

Figue iredo 31

Finot 24


Fowke Gerard 135-6

Gallaher Clark 167

Galou 159

Ganter HC 129 139

Gardner 27

Garrigou 172

Garrod Dorothy 179


Gilder Robert F 89


Guyot Prof 3

Harrison 157

Hawkins Edward 138

Hazen L W 136

Hogarth 66

Holmes WH 23

Hooper 54



Hovey HC 41 50 52-3

Howe Lester 118

Howell Everett 62

Huddleston DY 126

Janet Annand 158




Jewell Cpt 126

Jones Charles 124

Jones Hodge T 44

Kaemper Max E 139



Knoblauch Hugo 21

Lambert 35

Lame Johnnie 114

39

People cld


Lee Edmund C 135

Lee Edmund F 133

Tom 136

Lee Will is T 162

Leidy Dr 33

Lynch Genevieve 167

Macey 82

Madison ames 13 t

Malltell RN 3


Marte l E A 132-3 138

Matson George C 83

Man 135

McClees Thomas 22

Miller Dr HG 28

Miller W S 135

M lIwraith W 48

Mohr Charles 166

MOrimore Edwin 26

Moser Prof 81


Mulhanen Joseph 39

Nelson John M 135-8

Nelson NC 177

Paret T Dunkin 104


Peake SAE 163



Piette Edouard 164

Porter Dr 33

Powell Truman S 113




Puckett J R 25


Quaglia Carlos 36

Safford hmes M 160

Samuel Dayid 100

Schwalbe B 76


Silliman Jnr Prof 3

Snider GW 126

Stabler John 114

Stebbins 116 123


Stewart Samuel 124

Stewart Sherman 124

Stone John E 39


People cld

Valpy Edward 137

Vaughan Edgar 136

Vire Armand 132-3

Vischer Hans 79

Whitehouse Cope 46

Wie I Van 40

Wilkins 135

Young T G 24


Peru 155

PhotoiTaphers

Begouen Max 184

Coles HAV 93

Cross WR 115

Hains Ben 50 127 129-30 133 136

House Harry A 126

Hovey HC 136

James C H 123

Mascovich S 115

Passig brothers 31

Pinson H M 138

Robert Romain 164

Stebbins BP 116 153


Vire Armand 132

Photographs 63 65 73-74 84-90 93-4 101-2 108-9 112

114-15 126 132 136-7 139-40 144-6 149-50 155

158-60 162-4 166-7 170 175 177 179 183-6






Russia 95


Saltpeter 8 1664 67 110 126 131 177

Scotland 46 103

Sea caves 112



see also clubs

South Africa 68

Spain 149 164

Speleogenesis 3 46 48 129 153 156 159

Springs 141-143 176



Surveys

Aven Armand 132



Gaping Ghyll 157

Howes Cave 118


Lascaux 149-50

Leugloch 58

Luray Caverns 123





Marble Cave 113

Montespan 93

Pattees Caves 111




Shanidar Cave 179

Swingle Cave 22

Switzerland 75

Tasmania 59


113-14 116-17 122 124-5 128 136 146 186



Turkestan 55

Turkey 175

Un-named Caves

Africa 56

Algiers 30

Australia 171

Austria 45 147

France 1057 147

Gibraltar 9

Italy 21

Japan 61

Laos 82

Mexicb 2 169

Switzerland 75

Turkestan 55

Turkey 175


USA Colorado 54

Un-named caves ctd

USA Indiana 1

U~A Iowa 11

USA Massachusetts 6

USA Missouri 14 88

USA Montana 35

USA Pennsylvania 33

USA Texas 40

USA Virginia 29



Alabama 8

Arizona 38 62 73 86 144

Arkansas 8

California 4 13 27 47 80 112 161

Colorado 23 54 119-20 125

Dakota 69

Georgia 12

Indiana 152 117 124 131 136 162

168 182

Iowa 6-7 11 146

Kentucky 138 15 17-20222537394150

52-364 105-6 116-18 120-2 124-39 145 153 162

165-6 168 173-4 177 182 188

Massachusetts 5

Mississippi 70 117

Missouri 14 16 44 88-9 113 167

Montana 35

Nevada 108-9

New Hampshire III

New Mexico 34 3867 144 162 170

New York 118-19 162



Tennessee 8 65 160

Texas 40 70

Virginia 17 29 41 -2 98 102 110 116 125-6 128

131 153 162 168 173-4 176 185

Wisconsin 28 100

Wyoming 162








Published indexes













Thus



Using the index










Acknowledgments




































































































































































































































































































































































































INDEX






Africa 56 79


Algiers JO



Archeology 9 19 25 29 33 44-5 57 66 75 81 89 93~

99-100 104 107-9 113 147 155 160-1 163-5 169

172 177 179-180 183-4


Artesian weI 47

Asia 55

Autralia 48 78 171 173-4

Austria 45 51 58 87 188



Borneo 49

Brazil 31

Britain 162 180


Caves
























Caves ctd






















Flea cave Peru 155
































Caves ctd












116 123 125 128 153 162

168 173-4


Maddisons Cave 131


415364105-6116-18120-2124-7129131

134-9 145 153 162 165-6 168 173-4 177 182 188
































Salts Cave KY 130 131 136 177




Caves ctd




















Weyers Cave IN 17 98 116-17131 162






136 162 168 182


Zeus Cave of 66



Cave bear 147

Cave Dwelllngs

Africa 79

Arizona 38 62 144 160

Colorado 23

France 90-1 132



Mexico 152


Turkestan 55

Cave Life

Amphibia 166

Bats 3 16 18223142496785 140 162 166

Birds 49 166


Crustacea 15 19-20 105 136 166-7 187


37

Cave life ctd

Fish 3 13 15 19-20 30 37 47 116 137 149 162

166 178 187-8

Fungi 116 130 166 188


Glow worms 59

Insects 3 15 84 105 126 166

Proteus 26 70 84

Rat 3

Salamander 70 92 166-7 188

Spiders 153



164 183-4

Cave rescue 58


Clubs And Societies







Crete 66

Eating bats 16


Eire 158


England 26 32 154 157 163


France 10 57 71-2 77 90-1 94 107 132 149-50 156

159 164 181 183-4


Germany 188

Gibraltar 9


Greece 96




Guano 67 121

see also Saltpeter

Hungary 151

Ice caves 6-7 10 35 60-1 74 76 87 97 146 151 170

181186

Iceland 74


Illustrations 17 43 45 49 51 68 74 82 85 89 93 99

107 109 Ill 113 116 136 141-2 147 149-51 155

157-9 163-4 172-4 179 188


Iraq 179

Israel 99

Italy 2124


Japan 60-61






Chemical News 24








Globus 57


Great Divide 54






La Nature 82 103 107 156-9 172

Land and Water 26


London Field 60






Nature 20 70

New York Sun 62

New York Tribune 38

NO Picayune 2




Public Opinion 61


Rio News 31


Science Service 95




Daily Ledg~ r 124


Sillimans Journal 3

SM Quarterly 153






Umschau 81



Laos 82

Lava caves 1060-6167 162 170 181






Mexico 2 18 36 148 152 169


New York 86 99 101

New Zealand 166


People


Applegate 124

Armand Louis 132

Annstrong 163

Baring Gould 91

Barry Frank 138

Birkbeck J 157

Bishop Edward 139


Blackall Dr CR 133

Bliss Porte C 18

Blow Henry T 44


Brandsford Nick 137




Cameron Hugh 28

Campbell 42 123


Campbell George 62

Capitan 71-2 77


People cld

Caruthers 35

Casteret Norbert 93

Cawein FW 136

Chapman Pike 130



Crosier ES 124

Daleau Francois 164

De Chastaignier 172

Edwards L P 145


Emery J B 44

Farrer James 17

Figue iredo 31

Finot 24


Fowke Gerard 135-6

Gallaher Clark 167

Galou 159

Ganter HC 129 139

Gardner 27

Garrigou 172

Garrod Dorothy 179


Gilder Robert F 89


Guyot Prof 3

Harrison 157

Hawkins Edward 138

Hazen L W 136

Hogarth 66

Holmes WH 23

Hooper 54



Hovey HC 41 50 52-3

Howe Lester 118

Howell Everett 62

Huddleston DY 126

Janet Annand 158




Jewell Cpt 126

Jones Charles 124

Jones Hodge T 44

Kaemper Max E 139



Knoblauch Hugo 21

Lambert 35

Lame Johnnie 114

39

People cld


Lee Edmund C 135

Lee Edmund F 133

Tom 136

Lee Will is T 162

Leidy Dr 33

Lynch Genevieve 167

Macey 82

Madison ames 13 t

Malltell RN 3


Marte l E A 132-3 138

Matson George C 83

Man 135

McClees Thomas 22

Miller Dr HG 28

Miller W S 135

M lIwraith W 48

Mohr Charles 166

MOrimore Edwin 26

Moser Prof 81


Mulhanen Joseph 39

Nelson John M 135-8

Nelson NC 177

Paret T Dunkin 104


Peake SAE 163



Piette Edouard 164

Porter Dr 33

Powell Truman S 113




Puckett J R 25


Quaglia Carlos 36

Safford hmes M 160

Samuel Dayid 100

Schwalbe B 76


Silliman Jnr Prof 3

Snider GW 126

Stabler John 114

Stebbins 116 123


Stewart Samuel 124

Stewart Sherman 124

Stone John E 39


People cld

Valpy Edward 137

Vaughan Edgar 136

Vire Armand 132-3

Vischer Hans 79

Whitehouse Cope 46

Wie I Van 40

Wilkins 135

Young T G 24


Peru 155

PhotoiTaphers

Begouen Max 184

Coles HAV 93

Cross WR 115

Hains Ben 50 127 129-30 133 136

House Harry A 126

Hovey HC 136

James C H 123

Mascovich S 115

Passig brothers 31

Pinson H M 138

Robert Romain 164

Stebbins BP 116 153


Vire Armand 132

Photographs 63 65 73-74 84-90 93-4 101-2 108-9 112

114-15 126 132 136-7 139-40 144-6 149-50 155

158-60 162-4 166-7 170 175 177 179 183-6






Russia 95


Saltpeter 8 1664 67 110 126 131 177

Scotland 46 103

Sea caves 112



see also clubs

South Africa 68

Spain 149 164

Speleogenesis 3 46 48 129 153 156 159

Springs 141-143 176



Surveys

Aven Armand 132



Gaping Ghyll 157

Howes Cave 118


Lascaux 149-50

Leugloch 58

Luray Caverns 123





Marble Cave 113

Montespan 93

Pattees Caves 111




Shanidar Cave 179

Swingle Cave 22

Switzerland 75

Tasmania 59


113-14 116-17 122 124-5 128 136 146 186



Turkestan 55

Turkey 175

Un-named Caves

Africa 56

Algiers 30

Australia 171

Austria 45 147

France 1057 147

Gibraltar 9

Italy 21

Japan 61

Laos 82

Mexicb 2 169

Switzerland 75

Turkestan 55

Turkey 175


USA Colorado 54

Un-named caves ctd

USA Indiana 1

U~A Iowa 11

USA Massachusetts 6

USA Missouri 14 88

USA Montana 35

USA Pennsylvania 33

USA Texas 40

USA Virginia 29



Alabama 8

Arizona 38 62 73 86 144

Arkansas 8

California 4 13 27 47 80 112 161

Colorado 23 54 119-20 125

Dakota 69

Georgia 12

Indiana 152 117 124 131 136 162

168 182

Iowa 6-7 11 146

Kentucky 138 15 17-20222537394150

52-364 105-6 116-18 120-2 124-39 145 153 162

165-6 168 173-4 177 182 188

Massachusetts 5

Mississippi 70 117

Missouri 14 16 44 88-9 113 167

Montana 35

Nevada 108-9

New Hampshire III

New Mexico 34 3867 144 162 170

New York 118-19 162



Tennessee 8 65 160

Texas 40 70

Virginia 17 29 41 -2 98 102 110 116 125-6 128

131 153 162 168 173-4 176 185

Wisconsin 28 100

Wyoming 162












Thus



Using the index










Acknowledgments




































































































































































































































































































































































































INDEX






Africa 56 79


Algiers JO



Archeology 9 19 25 29 33 44-5 57 66 75 81 89 93~

99-100 104 107-9 113 147 155 160-1 163-5 169

172 177 179-180 183-4


Artesian weI 47

Asia 55

Autralia 48 78 171 173-4

Austria 45 51 58 87 188



Borneo 49

Brazil 31

Britain 162 180


Caves
























Caves ctd






















Flea cave Peru 155
































Caves ctd












116 123 125 128 153 162

168 173-4


Maddisons Cave 131


415364105-6116-18120-2124-7129131

134-9 145 153 162 165-6 168 173-4 177 182 188
































Salts Cave KY 130 131 136 177




Caves ctd




















Weyers Cave IN 17 98 116-17131 162






136 162 168 182


Zeus Cave of 66



Cave bear 147

Cave Dwelllngs

Africa 79

Arizona 38 62 144 160

Colorado 23

France 90-1 132



Mexico 152


Turkestan 55

Cave Life

Amphibia 166

Bats 3 16 18223142496785 140 162 166

Birds 49 166


Crustacea 15 19-20 105 136 166-7 187


37

Cave life ctd

Fish 3 13 15 19-20 30 37 47 116 137 149 162

166 178 187-8

Fungi 116 130 166 188


Glow worms 59

Insects 3 15 84 105 126 166

Proteus 26 70 84

Rat 3

Salamander 70 92 166-7 188

Spiders 153



164 183-4

Cave rescue 58


Clubs And Societies







Crete 66

Eating bats 16


Eire 158


England 26 32 154 157 163


France 10 57 71-2 77 90-1 94 107 132 149-50 156

159 164 181 183-4


Germany 188

Gibraltar 9


Greece 96




Guano 67 121

see also Saltpeter

Hungary 151

Ice caves 6-7 10 35 60-1 74 76 87 97 146 151 170

181186

Iceland 74


Illustrations 17 43 45 49 51 68 74 82 85 89 93 99

107 109 Ill 113 116 136 141-2 147 149-51 155

157-9 163-4 172-4 179 188


Iraq 179

Israel 99

Italy 2124


Japan 60-61






Chemical News 24








Globus 57


Great Divide 54






La Nature 82 103 107 156-9 172

Land and Water 26


London Field 60






Nature 20 70

New York Sun 62

New York Tribune 38

NO Picayune 2




Public Opinion 61


Rio News 31


Science Service 95




Daily Ledg~ r 124


Sillimans Journal 3

SM Quarterly 153






Umschau 81



Laos 82

Lava caves 1060-6167 162 170 181






Mexico 2 18 36 148 152 169


New York 86 99 101

New Zealand 166


People


Applegate 124

Armand Louis 132

Annstrong 163

Baring Gould 91

Barry Frank 138

Birkbeck J 157

Bishop Edward 139


Blackall Dr CR 133

Bliss Porte C 18

Blow Henry T 44


Brandsford Nick 137




Cameron Hugh 28

Campbell 42 123


Campbell George 62

Capitan 71-2 77


People cld

Caruthers 35

Casteret Norbert 93

Cawein FW 136

Chapman Pike 130



Crosier ES 124

Daleau Francois 164

De Chastaignier 172

Edwards L P 145


Emery J B 44

Farrer James 17

Figue iredo 31

Finot 24


Fowke Gerard 135-6

Gallaher Clark 167

Galou 159

Ganter HC 129 139

Gardner 27

Garrigou 172

Garrod Dorothy 179


Gilder Robert F 89


Guyot Prof 3

Harrison 157

Hawkins Edward 138

Hazen L W 136

Hogarth 66

Holmes WH 23

Hooper 54



Hovey HC 41 50 52-3

Howe Lester 118

Howell Everett 62

Huddleston DY 126

Janet Annand 158




Jewell Cpt 126

Jones Charles 124

Jones Hodge T 44

Kaemper Max E 139



Knoblauch Hugo 21

Lambert 35

Lame Johnnie 114

39

People cld


Lee Edmund C 135

Lee Edmund F 133

Tom 136

Lee Will is T 162

Leidy Dr 33

Lynch Genevieve 167

Macey 82

Madison ames 13 t

Malltell RN 3


Marte l E A 132-3 138

Matson George C 83

Man 135

McClees Thomas 22

Miller Dr HG 28

Miller W S 135

M lIwraith W 48

Mohr Charles 166

MOrimore Edwin 26

Moser Prof 81


Mulhanen Joseph 39

Nelson John M 135-8

Nelson NC 177

Paret T Dunkin 104


Peake SAE 163



Piette Edouard 164

Porter Dr 33

Powell Truman S 113




Puckett J R 25


Quaglia Carlos 36

Safford hmes M 160

Samuel Dayid 100

Schwalbe B 76


Silliman Jnr Prof 3

Snider GW 126

Stabler John 114

Stebbins 116 123


Stewart Samuel 124

Stewart Sherman 124

Stone John E 39


People cld

Valpy Edward 137

Vaughan Edgar 136

Vire Armand 132-3

Vischer Hans 79

Whitehouse Cope 46

Wie I Van 40

Wilkins 135

Young T G 24


Peru 155

PhotoiTaphers

Begouen Max 184

Coles HAV 93

Cross WR 115

Hains Ben 50 127 129-30 133 136

House Harry A 126

Hovey HC 136

James C H 123

Mascovich S 115

Passig brothers 31

Pinson H M 138

Robert Romain 164

Stebbins BP 116 153


Vire Armand 132

Photographs 63 65 73-74 84-90 93-4 101-2 108-9 112

114-15 126 132 136-7 139-40 144-6 149-50 155

158-60 162-4 166-7 170 175 177 179 183-6






Russia 95


Saltpeter 8 1664 67 110 126 131 177

Scotland 46 103

Sea caves 112



see also clubs

South Africa 68

Spain 149 164

Speleogenesis 3 46 48 129 153 156 159

Springs 141-143 176



Surveys

Aven Armand 132



Gaping Ghyll 157

Howes Cave 118


Lascaux 149-50

Leugloch 58

Luray Caverns 123





Marble Cave 113

Montespan 93

Pattees Caves 111




Shanidar Cave 179

Swingle Cave 22

Switzerland 75

Tasmania 59


113-14 116-17 122 124-5 128 136 146 186



Turkestan 55

Turkey 175

Un-named Caves

Africa 56

Algiers 30

Australia 171

Austria 45 147

France 1057 147

Gibraltar 9

Italy 21

Japan 61

Laos 82

Mexicb 2 169

Switzerland 75

Turkestan 55

Turkey 175


USA Colorado 54

Un-named caves ctd

USA Indiana 1

U~A Iowa 11

USA Massachusetts 6

USA Missouri 14 88

USA Montana 35

USA Pennsylvania 33

USA Texas 40

USA Virginia 29



Alabama 8

Arizona 38 62 73 86 144

Arkansas 8

California 4 13 27 47 80 112 161

Colorado 23 54 119-20 125

Dakota 69

Georgia 12

Indiana 152 117 124 131 136 162

168 182

Iowa 6-7 11 146

Kentucky 138 15 17-20222537394150

52-364 105-6 116-18 120-2 124-39 145 153 162

165-6 168 173-4 177 182 188

Massachusetts 5

Mississippi 70 117

Missouri 14 16 44 88-9 113 167

Montana 35

Nevada 108-9

New Hampshire III

New Mexico 34 3867 144 162 170

New York 118-19 162



Tennessee 8 65 160

Texas 40 70

Virginia 17 29 41 -2 98 102 110 116 125-6 128

131 153 162 168 173-4 176 185

Wisconsin 28 100

Wyoming 162













Acknowledgments




































































































































































































































































































































































































INDEX






Africa 56 79


Algiers JO



Archeology 9 19 25 29 33 44-5 57 66 75 81 89 93~

99-100 104 107-9 113 147 155 160-1 163-5 169

172 177 179-180 183-4


Artesian weI 47

Asia 55

Autralia 48 78 171 173-4

Austria 45 51 58 87 188



Borneo 49

Brazil 31

Britain 162 180


Caves
























Caves ctd






















Flea cave Peru 155
































Caves ctd












116 123 125 128 153 162

168 173-4


Maddisons Cave 131


415364105-6116-18120-2124-7129131

134-9 145 153 162 165-6 168 173-4 177 182 188
































Salts Cave KY 130 131 136 177




Caves ctd




















Weyers Cave IN 17 98 116-17131 162






136 162 168 182


Zeus Cave of 66



Cave bear 147

Cave Dwelllngs

Africa 79

Arizona 38 62 144 160

Colorado 23

France 90-1 132



Mexico 152


Turkestan 55

Cave Life

Amphibia 166

Bats 3 16 18223142496785 140 162 166

Birds 49 166


Crustacea 15 19-20 105 136 166-7 187


37

Cave life ctd

Fish 3 13 15 19-20 30 37 47 116 137 149 162

166 178 187-8

Fungi 116 130 166 188


Glow worms 59

Insects 3 15 84 105 126 166

Proteus 26 70 84

Rat 3

Salamander 70 92 166-7 188

Spiders 153



164 183-4

Cave rescue 58


Clubs And Societies







Crete 66

Eating bats 16


Eire 158


England 26 32 154 157 163


France 10 57 71-2 77 90-1 94 107 132 149-50 156

159 164 181 183-4


Germany 188

Gibraltar 9


Greece 96




Guano 67 121

see also Saltpeter

Hungary 151

Ice caves 6-7 10 35 60-1 74 76 87 97 146 151 170

181186

Iceland 74


Illustrations 17 43 45 49 51 68 74 82 85 89 93 99

107 109 Ill 113 116 136 141-2 147 149-51 155

157-9 163-4 172-4 179 188


Iraq 179

Israel 99

Italy 2124


Japan 60-61






Chemical News 24








Globus 57


Great Divide 54






La Nature 82 103 107 156-9 172

Land and Water 26


London Field 60






Nature 20 70

New York Sun 62

New York Tribune 38

NO Picayune 2




Public Opinion 61


Rio News 31


Science Service 95




Daily Ledg~ r 124


Sillimans Journal 3

SM Quarterly 153






Umschau 81



Laos 82

Lava caves 1060-6167 162 170 181






Mexico 2 18 36 148 152 169


New York 86 99 101

New Zealand 166


People


Applegate 124

Armand Louis 132

Annstrong 163

Baring Gould 91

Barry Frank 138

Birkbeck J 157

Bishop Edward 139


Blackall Dr CR 133

Bliss Porte C 18

Blow Henry T 44


Brandsford Nick 137




Cameron Hugh 28

Campbell 42 123


Campbell George 62

Capitan 71-2 77


People cld

Caruthers 35

Casteret Norbert 93

Cawein FW 136

Chapman Pike 130



Crosier ES 124

Daleau Francois 164

De Chastaignier 172

Edwards L P 145


Emery J B 44

Farrer James 17

Figue iredo 31

Finot 24


Fowke Gerard 135-6

Gallaher Clark 167

Galou 159

Ganter HC 129 139

Gardner 27

Garrigou 172

Garrod Dorothy 179


Gilder Robert F 89


Guyot Prof 3

Harrison 157

Hawkins Edward 138

Hazen L W 136

Hogarth 66

Holmes WH 23

Hooper 54



Hovey HC 41 50 52-3

Howe Lester 118

Howell Everett 62

Huddleston DY 126

Janet Annand 158




Jewell Cpt 126

Jones Charles 124

Jones Hodge T 44

Kaemper Max E 139



Knoblauch Hugo 21

Lambert 35

Lame Johnnie 114

39

People cld


Lee Edmund C 135

Lee Edmund F 133

Tom 136

Lee Will is T 162

Leidy Dr 33

Lynch Genevieve 167

Macey 82

Madison ames 13 t

Malltell RN 3


Marte l E A 132-3 138

Matson George C 83

Man 135

McClees Thomas 22

Miller Dr HG 28

Miller W S 135

M lIwraith W 48

Mohr Charles 166

MOrimore Edwin 26

Moser Prof 81


Mulhanen Joseph 39

Nelson John M 135-8

Nelson NC 177

Paret T Dunkin 104


Peake SAE 163



Piette Edouard 164

Porter Dr 33

Powell Truman S 113




Puckett J R 25


Quaglia Carlos 36

Safford hmes M 160

Samuel Dayid 100

Schwalbe B 76


Silliman Jnr Prof 3

Snider GW 126

Stabler John 114

Stebbins 116 123


Stewart Samuel 124

Stewart Sherman 124

Stone John E 39


People cld

Valpy Edward 137

Vaughan Edgar 136

Vire Armand 132-3

Vischer Hans 79

Whitehouse Cope 46

Wie I Van 40

Wilkins 135

Young T G 24


Peru 155

PhotoiTaphers

Begouen Max 184

Coles HAV 93

Cross WR 115

Hains Ben 50 127 129-30 133 136

House Harry A 126

Hovey HC 136

James C H 123

Mascovich S 115

Passig brothers 31

Pinson H M 138

Robert Romain 164

Stebbins BP 116 153


Vire Armand 132

Photographs 63 65 73-74 84-90 93-4 101-2 108-9 112

114-15 126 132 136-7 139-40 144-6 149-50 155

158-60 162-4 166-7 170 175 177 179 183-6






Russia 95


Saltpeter 8 1664 67 110 126 131 177

Scotland 46 103

Sea caves 112



see also clubs

South Africa 68

Spain 149 164

Speleogenesis 3 46 48 129 153 156 159

Springs 141-143 176



Surveys

Aven Armand 132



Gaping Ghyll 157

Howes Cave 118


Lascaux 149-50

Leugloch 58

Luray Caverns 123





Marble Cave 113

Montespan 93

Pattees Caves 111




Shanidar Cave 179

Swingle Cave 22

Switzerland 75

Tasmania 59


113-14 116-17 122 124-5 128 136 146 186



Turkestan 55

Turkey 175

Un-named Caves

Africa 56

Algiers 30

Australia 171

Austria 45 147

France 1057 147

Gibraltar 9

Italy 21

Japan 61

Laos 82

Mexicb 2 169

Switzerland 75

Turkestan 55

Turkey 175


USA Colorado 54

Un-named caves ctd

USA Indiana 1

U~A Iowa 11

USA Massachusetts 6

USA Missouri 14 88

USA Montana 35

USA Pennsylvania 33

USA Texas 40

USA Virginia 29



Alabama 8

Arizona 38 62 73 86 144

Arkansas 8

California 4 13 27 47 80 112 161

Colorado 23 54 119-20 125

Dakota 69

Georgia 12

Indiana 152 117 124 131 136 162

168 182

Iowa 6-7 11 146

Kentucky 138 15 17-20222537394150

52-364 105-6 116-18 120-2 124-39 145 153 162

165-6 168 173-4 177 182 188

Massachusetts 5

Mississippi 70 117

Missouri 14 16 44 88-9 113 167

Montana 35

Nevada 108-9

New Hampshire III

New Mexico 34 3867 144 162 170

New York 118-19 162



Tennessee 8 65 160

Texas 40 70

Virginia 17 29 41 -2 98 102 110 116 125-6 128

131 153 162 168 173-4 176 185

Wisconsin 28 100

Wyoming 162







































































































































































































































































































































































































INDEX






Africa 56 79


Algiers JO



Archeology 9 19 25 29 33 44-5 57 66 75 81 89 93~

99-100 104 107-9 113 147 155 160-1 163-5 169

172 177 179-180 183-4


Artesian weI 47

Asia 55

Autralia 48 78 171 173-4

Austria 45 51 58 87 188



Borneo 49

Brazil 31

Britain 162 180


Caves
























Caves ctd






















Flea cave Peru 155
































Caves ctd












116 123 125 128 153 162

168 173-4


Maddisons Cave 131


415364105-6116-18120-2124-7129131

134-9 145 153 162 165-6 168 173-4 177 182 188
































Salts Cave KY 130 131 136 177




Caves ctd




















Weyers Cave IN 17 98 116-17131 162






136 162 168 182


Zeus Cave of 66



Cave bear 147

Cave Dwelllngs

Africa 79

Arizona 38 62 144 160

Colorado 23

France 90-1 132



Mexico 152


Turkestan 55

Cave Life

Amphibia 166

Bats 3 16 18223142496785 140 162 166

Birds 49 166


Crustacea 15 19-20 105 136 166-7 187


37

Cave life ctd

Fish 3 13 15 19-20 30 37 47 116 137 149 162

166 178 187-8

Fungi 116 130 166 188


Glow worms 59

Insects 3 15 84 105 126 166

Proteus 26 70 84

Rat 3

Salamander 70 92 166-7 188

Spiders 153



164 183-4

Cave rescue 58


Clubs And Societies







Crete 66

Eating bats 16


Eire 158


England 26 32 154 157 163


France 10 57 71-2 77 90-1 94 107 132 149-50 156

159 164 181 183-4


Germany 188

Gibraltar 9


Greece 96




Guano 67 121

see also Saltpeter

Hungary 151

Ice caves 6-7 10 35 60-1 74 76 87 97 146 151 170

181186

Iceland 74


Illustrations 17 43 45 49 51 68 74 82 85 89 93 99

107 109 Ill 113 116 136 141-2 147 149-51 155

157-9 163-4 172-4 179 188


Iraq 179

Israel 99

Italy 2124


Japan 60-61






Chemical News 24








Globus 57


Great Divide 54






La Nature 82 103 107 156-9 172

Land and Water 26


London Field 60






Nature 20 70

New York Sun 62

New York Tribune 38

NO Picayune 2




Public Opinion 61


Rio News 31


Science Service 95




Daily Ledg~ r 124


Sillimans Journal 3

SM Quarterly 153






Umschau 81



Laos 82

Lava caves 1060-6167 162 170 181






Mexico 2 18 36 148 152 169


New York 86 99 101

New Zealand 166


People


Applegate 124

Armand Louis 132

Annstrong 163

Baring Gould 91

Barry Frank 138

Birkbeck J 157

Bishop Edward 139


Blackall Dr CR 133

Bliss Porte C 18

Blow Henry T 44


Brandsford Nick 137




Cameron Hugh 28

Campbell 42 123


Campbell George 62

Capitan 71-2 77


People cld

Caruthers 35

Casteret Norbert 93

Cawein FW 136

Chapman Pike 130



Crosier ES 124

Daleau Francois 164

De Chastaignier 172

Edwards L P 145


Emery J B 44

Farrer James 17

Figue iredo 31

Finot 24


Fowke Gerard 135-6

Gallaher Clark 167

Galou 159

Ganter HC 129 139

Gardner 27

Garrigou 172

Garrod Dorothy 179


Gilder Robert F 89


Guyot Prof 3

Harrison 157

Hawkins Edward 138

Hazen L W 136

Hogarth 66

Holmes WH 23

Hooper 54



Hovey HC 41 50 52-3

Howe Lester 118

Howell Everett 62

Huddleston DY 126

Janet Annand 158




Jewell Cpt 126

Jones Charles 124

Jones Hodge T 44

Kaemper Max E 139



Knoblauch Hugo 21

Lambert 35

Lame Johnnie 114

39

People cld


Lee Edmund C 135

Lee Edmund F 133

Tom 136

Lee Will is T 162

Leidy Dr 33

Lynch Genevieve 167

Macey 82

Madison ames 13 t

Malltell RN 3


Marte l E A 132-3 138

Matson George C 83

Man 135

McClees Thomas 22

Miller Dr HG 28

Miller W S 135

M lIwraith W 48

Mohr Charles 166

MOrimore Edwin 26

Moser Prof 81


Mulhanen Joseph 39

Nelson John M 135-8

Nelson NC 177

Paret T Dunkin 104


Peake SAE 163



Piette Edouard 164

Porter Dr 33

Powell Truman S 113




Puckett J R 25


Quaglia Carlos 36

Safford hmes M 160

Samuel Dayid 100

Schwalbe B 76


Silliman Jnr Prof 3

Snider GW 126

Stabler John 114

Stebbins 116 123


Stewart Samuel 124

Stewart Sherman 124

Stone John E 39


People cld

Valpy Edward 137

Vaughan Edgar 136

Vire Armand 132-3

Vischer Hans 79

Whitehouse Cope 46

Wie I Van 40

Wilkins 135

Young T G 24


Peru 155

PhotoiTaphers

Begouen Max 184

Coles HAV 93

Cross WR 115

Hains Ben 50 127 129-30 133 136

House Harry A 126

Hovey HC 136

James C H 123

Mascovich S 115

Passig brothers 31

Pinson H M 138

Robert Romain 164

Stebbins BP 116 153


Vire Armand 132

Photographs 63 65 73-74 84-90 93-4 101-2 108-9 112

114-15 126 132 136-7 139-40 144-6 149-50 155

158-60 162-4 166-7 170 175 177 179 183-6






Russia 95


Saltpeter 8 1664 67 110 126 131 177

Scotland 46 103

Sea caves 112



see also clubs

South Africa 68

Spain 149 164

Speleogenesis 3 46 48 129 153 156 159

Springs 141-143 176



Surveys

Aven Armand 132



Gaping Ghyll 157

Howes Cave 118


Lascaux 149-50

Leugloch 58

Luray Caverns 123





Marble Cave 113

Montespan 93

Pattees Caves 111




Shanidar Cave 179

Swingle Cave 22

Switzerland 75

Tasmania 59


113-14 116-17 122 124-5 128 136 146 186



Turkestan 55

Turkey 175

Un-named Caves

Africa 56

Algiers 30

Australia 171

Austria 45 147

France 1057 147

Gibraltar 9

Italy 21

Japan 61

Laos 82

Mexicb 2 169

Switzerland 75

Turkestan 55

Turkey 175


USA Colorado 54

Un-named caves ctd

USA Indiana 1

U~A Iowa 11

USA Massachusetts 6

USA Missouri 14 88

USA Montana 35

USA Pennsylvania 33

USA Texas 40

USA Virginia 29



Alabama 8

Arizona 38 62 73 86 144

Arkansas 8

California 4 13 27 47 80 112 161

Colorado 23 54 119-20 125

Dakota 69

Georgia 12

Indiana 152 117 124 131 136 162

168 182

Iowa 6-7 11 146

Kentucky 138 15 17-20222537394150

52-364 105-6 116-18 120-2 124-39 145 153 162

165-6 168 173-4 177 182 188

Massachusetts 5

Mississippi 70 117

Missouri 14 16 44 88-9 113 167

Montana 35

Nevada 108-9

New Hampshire III

New Mexico 34 3867 144 162 170

New York 118-19 162



Tennessee 8 65 160

Texas 40 70

Virginia 17 29 41 -2 98 102 110 116 125-6 128

131 153 162 168 173-4 176 185

Wisconsin 28 100

Wyoming 162







Caves ctd












116 123 125 128 153 162

168 173-4


Maddisons Cave 131


415364105-6116-18120-2124-7129131

134-9 145 153 162 165-6 168 173-4 177 182 188
































Salts Cave KY 130 131 136 177




Caves ctd




















Weyers Cave IN 17 98 116-17131 162






136 162 168 182


Zeus Cave of 66



Cave bear 147

Cave Dwelllngs

Africa 79

Arizona 38 62 144 160

Colorado 23

France 90-1 132



Mexico 152


Turkestan 55

Cave Life

Amphibia 166

Bats 3 16 18223142496785 140 162 166

Birds 49 166


Crustacea 15 19-20 105 136 166-7 187


37

Cave life ctd

Fish 3 13 15 19-20 30 37 47 116 137 149 162

166 178 187-8

Fungi 116 130 166 188


Glow worms 59

Insects 3 15 84 105 126 166

Proteus 26 70 84

Rat 3

Salamander 70 92 166-7 188

Spiders 153



164 183-4

Cave rescue 58


Clubs And Societies







Crete 66

Eating bats 16


Eire 158


England 26 32 154 157 163


France 10 57 71-2 77 90-1 94 107 132 149-50 156

159 164 181 183-4


Germany 188

Gibraltar 9


Greece 96




Guano 67 121

see also Saltpeter

Hungary 151

Ice caves 6-7 10 35 60-1 74 76 87 97 146 151 170

181186

Iceland 74


Illustrations 17 43 45 49 51 68 74 82 85 89 93 99

107 109 Ill 113 116 136 141-2 147 149-51 155

157-9 163-4 172-4 179 188


Iraq 179

Israel 99

Italy 2124


Japan 60-61






Chemical News 24








Globus 57


Great Divide 54






La Nature 82 103 107 156-9 172

Land and Water 26


London Field 60






Nature 20 70

New York Sun 62

New York Tribune 38

NO Picayune 2




Public Opinion 61


Rio News 31


Science Service 95




Daily Ledg~ r 124


Sillimans Journal 3

SM Quarterly 153






Umschau 81



Laos 82

Lava caves 1060-6167 162 170 181






Mexico 2 18 36 148 152 169


New York 86 99 101

New Zealand 166


People


Applegate 124

Armand Louis 132

Annstrong 163

Baring Gould 91

Barry Frank 138

Birkbeck J 157

Bishop Edward 139


Blackall Dr CR 133

Bliss Porte C 18

Blow Henry T 44


Brandsford Nick 137




Cameron Hugh 28

Campbell 42 123


Campbell George 62

Capitan 71-2 77


People cld

Caruthers 35

Casteret Norbert 93

Cawein FW 136

Chapman Pike 130



Crosier ES 124

Daleau Francois 164

De Chastaignier 172

Edwards L P 145


Emery J B 44

Farrer James 17

Figue iredo 31

Finot 24


Fowke Gerard 135-6

Gallaher Clark 167

Galou 159

Ganter HC 129 139

Gardner 27

Garrigou 172

Garrod Dorothy 179


Gilder Robert F 89


Guyot Prof 3

Harrison 157

Hawkins Edward 138

Hazen L W 136

Hogarth 66

Holmes WH 23

Hooper 54



Hovey HC 41 50 52-3

Howe Lester 118

Howell Everett 62

Huddleston DY 126

Janet Annand 158




Jewell Cpt 126

Jones Charles 124

Jones Hodge T 44

Kaemper Max E 139



Knoblauch Hugo 21

Lambert 35

Lame Johnnie 114

39

People cld


Lee Edmund C 135

Lee Edmund F 133

Tom 136

Lee Will is T 162

Leidy Dr 33

Lynch Genevieve 167

Macey 82

Madison ames 13 t

Malltell RN 3


Marte l E A 132-3 138

Matson George C 83

Man 135

McClees Thomas 22

Miller Dr HG 28

Miller W S 135

M lIwraith W 48

Mohr Charles 166

MOrimore Edwin 26

Moser Prof 81


Mulhanen Joseph 39

Nelson John M 135-8

Nelson NC 177

Paret T Dunkin 104


Peake SAE 163



Piette Edouard 164

Porter Dr 33

Powell Truman S 113




Puckett J R 25


Quaglia Carlos 36

Safford hmes M 160

Samuel Dayid 100

Schwalbe B 76


Silliman Jnr Prof 3

Snider GW 126

Stabler John 114

Stebbins 116 123


Stewart Samuel 124

Stewart Sherman 124

Stone John E 39


People cld

Valpy Edward 137

Vaughan Edgar 136

Vire Armand 132-3

Vischer Hans 79

Whitehouse Cope 46

Wie I Van 40

Wilkins 135

Young T G 24


Peru 155

PhotoiTaphers

Begouen Max 184

Coles HAV 93

Cross WR 115

Hains Ben 50 127 129-30 133 136

House Harry A 126

Hovey HC 136

James C H 123

Mascovich S 115

Passig brothers 31

Pinson H M 138

Robert Romain 164

Stebbins BP 116 153


Vire Armand 132

Photographs 63 65 73-74 84-90 93-4 101-2 108-9 112

114-15 126 132 136-7 139-40 144-6 149-50 155

158-60 162-4 166-7 170 175 177 179 183-6






Russia 95


Saltpeter 8 1664 67 110 126 131 177

Scotland 46 103

Sea caves 112



see also clubs

South Africa 68

Spain 149 164

Speleogenesis 3 46 48 129 153 156 159

Springs 141-143 176



Surveys

Aven Armand 132



Gaping Ghyll 157

Howes Cave 118


Lascaux 149-50

Leugloch 58

Luray Caverns 123





Marble Cave 113

Montespan 93

Pattees Caves 111




Shanidar Cave 179

Swingle Cave 22

Switzerland 75

Tasmania 59


113-14 116-17 122 124-5 128 136 146 186



Turkestan 55

Turkey 175

Un-named Caves

Africa 56

Algiers 30

Australia 171

Austria 45 147

France 1057 147

Gibraltar 9

Italy 21

Japan 61

Laos 82

Mexicb 2 169

Switzerland 75

Turkestan 55

Turkey 175


USA Colorado 54

Un-named caves ctd

USA Indiana 1

U~A Iowa 11

USA Massachusetts 6

USA Missouri 14 88

USA Montana 35

USA Pennsylvania 33

USA Texas 40

USA Virginia 29



Alabama 8

Arizona 38 62 73 86 144

Arkansas 8

California 4 13 27 47 80 112 161

Colorado 23 54 119-20 125

Dakota 69

Georgia 12

Indiana 152 117 124 131 136 162

168 182

Iowa 6-7 11 146

Kentucky 138 15 17-20222537394150

52-364 105-6 116-18 120-2 124-39 145 153 162

165-6 168 173-4 177 182 188

Massachusetts 5

Mississippi 70 117

Missouri 14 16 44 88-9 113 167

Montana 35

Nevada 108-9

New Hampshire III

New Mexico 34 3867 144 162 170

New York 118-19 162



Tennessee 8 65 160

Texas 40 70

Virginia 17 29 41 -2 98 102 110 116 125-6 128

131 153 162 168 173-4 176 185

Wisconsin 28 100

Wyoming 162







Cave life ctd

Fish 3 13 15 19-20 30 37 47 116 137 149 162

166 178 187-8

Fungi 116 130 166 188


Glow worms 59

Insects 3 15 84 105 126 166

Proteus 26 70 84

Rat 3

Salamander 70 92 166-7 188

Spiders 153



164 183-4

Cave rescue 58


Clubs And Societies







Crete 66

Eating bats 16


Eire 158


England 26 32 154 157 163


France 10 57 71-2 77 90-1 94 107 132 149-50 156

159 164 181 183-4


Germany 188

Gibraltar 9


Greece 96




Guano 67 121

see also Saltpeter

Hungary 151

Ice caves 6-7 10 35 60-1 74 76 87 97 146 151 170

181186

Iceland 74


Illustrations 17 43 45 49 51 68 74 82 85 89 93 99

107 109 Ill 113 116 136 141-2 147 149-51 155

157-9 163-4 172-4 179 188


Iraq 179

Israel 99

Italy 2124


Japan 60-61






Chemical News 24








Globus 57


Great Divide 54






La Nature 82 103 107 156-9 172

Land and Water 26


London Field 60






Nature 20 70

New York Sun 62

New York Tribune 38

NO Picayune 2




Public Opinion 61


Rio News 31


Science Service 95




Daily Ledg~ r 124


Sillimans Journal 3

SM Quarterly 153






Umschau 81



Laos 82

Lava caves 1060-6167 162 170 181






Mexico 2 18 36 148 152 169


New York 86 99 101

New Zealand 166


People


Applegate 124

Armand Louis 132

Annstrong 163

Baring Gould 91

Barry Frank 138

Birkbeck J 157

Bishop Edward 139


Blackall Dr CR 133

Bliss Porte C 18

Blow Henry T 44


Brandsford Nick 137




Cameron Hugh 28

Campbell 42 123


Campbell George 62

Capitan 71-2 77


People cld

Caruthers 35

Casteret Norbert 93

Cawein FW 136

Chapman Pike 130



Crosier ES 124

Daleau Francois 164

De Chastaignier 172

Edwards L P 145


Emery J B 44

Farrer James 17

Figue iredo 31

Finot 24


Fowke Gerard 135-6

Gallaher Clark 167

Galou 159

Ganter HC 129 139

Gardner 27

Garrigou 172

Garrod Dorothy 179


Gilder Robert F 89


Guyot Prof 3

Harrison 157

Hawkins Edward 138

Hazen L W 136

Hogarth 66

Holmes WH 23

Hooper 54



Hovey HC 41 50 52-3

Howe Lester 118

Howell Everett 62

Huddleston DY 126

Janet Annand 158




Jewell Cpt 126

Jones Charles 124

Jones Hodge T 44

Kaemper Max E 139



Knoblauch Hugo 21

Lambert 35

Lame Johnnie 114

39

People cld


Lee Edmund C 135

Lee Edmund F 133

Tom 136

Lee Will is T 162

Leidy Dr 33

Lynch Genevieve 167

Macey 82

Madison ames 13 t

Malltell RN 3


Marte l E A 132-3 138

Matson George C 83

Man 135

McClees Thomas 22

Miller Dr HG 28

Miller W S 135

M lIwraith W 48

Mohr Charles 166

MOrimore Edwin 26

Moser Prof 81


Mulhanen Joseph 39

Nelson John M 135-8

Nelson NC 177

Paret T Dunkin 104


Peake SAE 163



Piette Edouard 164

Porter Dr 33

Powell Truman S 113




Puckett J R 25


Quaglia Carlos 36

Safford hmes M 160

Samuel Dayid 100

Schwalbe B 76


Silliman Jnr Prof 3

Snider GW 126

Stabler John 114

Stebbins 116 123


Stewart Samuel 124

Stewart Sherman 124

Stone John E 39


People cld

Valpy Edward 137

Vaughan Edgar 136

Vire Armand 132-3

Vischer Hans 79

Whitehouse Cope 46

Wie I Van 40

Wilkins 135

Young T G 24


Peru 155

PhotoiTaphers

Begouen Max 184

Coles HAV 93

Cross WR 115

Hains Ben 50 127 129-30 133 136

House Harry A 126

Hovey HC 136

James C H 123

Mascovich S 115

Passig brothers 31

Pinson H M 138

Robert Romain 164

Stebbins BP 116 153


Vire Armand 132

Photographs 63 65 73-74 84-90 93-4 101-2 108-9 112

114-15 126 132 136-7 139-40 144-6 149-50 155

158-60 162-4 166-7 170 175 177 179 183-6






Russia 95


Saltpeter 8 1664 67 110 126 131 177

Scotland 46 103

Sea caves 112



see also clubs

South Africa 68

Spain 149 164

Speleogenesis 3 46 48 129 153 156 159

Springs 141-143 176



Surveys

Aven Armand 132



Gaping Ghyll 157

Howes Cave 118


Lascaux 149-50

Leugloch 58

Luray Caverns 123





Marble Cave 113

Montespan 93

Pattees Caves 111




Shanidar Cave 179

Swingle Cave 22

Switzerland 75

Tasmania 59


113-14 116-17 122 124-5 128 136 146 186



Turkestan 55

Turkey 175

Un-named Caves

Africa 56

Algiers 30

Australia 171

Austria 45 147

France 1057 147

Gibraltar 9

Italy 21

Japan 61

Laos 82

Mexicb 2 169

Switzerland 75

Turkestan 55

Turkey 175


USA Colorado 54

Un-named caves ctd

USA Indiana 1

U~A Iowa 11

USA Massachusetts 6

USA Missouri 14 88

USA Montana 35

USA Pennsylvania 33

USA Texas 40

USA Virginia 29



Alabama 8

Arizona 38 62 73 86 144

Arkansas 8

California 4 13 27 47 80 112 161

Colorado 23 54 119-20 125

Dakota 69

Georgia 12

Indiana 152 117 124 131 136 162

168 182

Iowa 6-7 11 146

Kentucky 138 15 17-20222537394150

52-364 105-6 116-18 120-2 124-39 145 153 162

165-6 168 173-4 177 182 188

Massachusetts 5

Mississippi 70 117

Missouri 14 16 44 88-9 113 167

Montana 35

Nevada 108-9

New Hampshire III

New Mexico 34 3867 144 162 170

New York 118-19 162



Tennessee 8 65 160

Texas 40 70

Virginia 17 29 41 -2 98 102 110 116 125-6 128

131 153 162 168 173-4 176 185

Wisconsin 28 100

Wyoming 162









Daily Ledg~ r 124


Sillimans Journal 3

SM Quarterly 153






Umschau 81



Laos 82

Lava caves 1060-6167 162 170 181






Mexico 2 18 36 148 152 169


New York 86 99 101

New Zealand 166


People


Applegate 124

Armand Louis 132

Annstrong 163

Baring Gould 91

Barry Frank 138

Birkbeck J 157

Bishop Edward 139


Blackall Dr CR 133

Bliss Porte C 18

Blow Henry T 44


Brandsford Nick 137




Cameron Hugh 28

Campbell 42 123


Campbell George 62

Capitan 71-2 77


People cld

Caruthers 35

Casteret Norbert 93

Cawein FW 136

Chapman Pike 130



Crosier ES 124

Daleau Francois 164

De Chastaignier 172

Edwards L P 145


Emery J B 44

Farrer James 17

Figue iredo 31

Finot 24


Fowke Gerard 135-6

Gallaher Clark 167

Galou 159

Ganter HC 129 139

Gardner 27

Garrigou 172

Garrod Dorothy 179


Gilder Robert F 89


Guyot Prof 3

Harrison 157

Hawkins Edward 138

Hazen L W 136

Hogarth 66

Holmes WH 23

Hooper 54



Hovey HC 41 50 52-3

Howe Lester 118

Howell Everett 62

Huddleston DY 126

Janet Annand 158




Jewell Cpt 126

Jones Charles 124

Jones Hodge T 44

Kaemper Max E 139



Knoblauch Hugo 21

Lambert 35

Lame Johnnie 114

39

People cld


Lee Edmund C 135

Lee Edmund F 133

Tom 136

Lee Will is T 162

Leidy Dr 33

Lynch Genevieve 167

Macey 82

Madison ames 13 t

Malltell RN 3


Marte l E A 132-3 138

Matson George C 83

Man 135

McClees Thomas 22

Miller Dr HG 28

Miller W S 135

M lIwraith W 48

Mohr Charles 166

MOrimore Edwin 26

Moser Prof 81


Mulhanen Joseph 39

Nelson John M 135-8

Nelson NC 177

Paret T Dunkin 104


Peake SAE 163



Piette Edouard 164

Porter Dr 33

Powell Truman S 113




Puckett J R 25


Quaglia Carlos 36

Safford hmes M 160

Samuel Dayid 100

Schwalbe B 76


Silliman Jnr Prof 3

Snider GW 126

Stabler John 114

Stebbins 116 123


Stewart Samuel 124

Stewart Sherman 124

Stone John E 39


People cld

Valpy Edward 137

Vaughan Edgar 136

Vire Armand 132-3

Vischer Hans 79

Whitehouse Cope 46

Wie I Van 40

Wilkins 135

Young T G 24


Peru 155

PhotoiTaphers

Begouen Max 184

Coles HAV 93

Cross WR 115

Hains Ben 50 127 129-30 133 136

House Harry A 126

Hovey HC 136

James C H 123

Mascovich S 115

Passig brothers 31

Pinson H M 138

Robert Romain 164

Stebbins BP 116 153


Vire Armand 132

Photographs 63 65 73-74 84-90 93-4 101-2 108-9 112

114-15 126 132 136-7 139-40 144-6 149-50 155

158-60 162-4 166-7 170 175 177 179 183-6






Russia 95


Saltpeter 8 1664 67 110 126 131 177

Scotland 46 103

Sea caves 112



see also clubs

South Africa 68

Spain 149 164

Speleogenesis 3 46 48 129 153 156 159

Springs 141-143 176



Surveys

Aven Armand 132



Gaping Ghyll 157

Howes Cave 118


Lascaux 149-50

Leugloch 58

Luray Caverns 123





Marble Cave 113

Montespan 93

Pattees Caves 111




Shanidar Cave 179

Swingle Cave 22

Switzerland 75

Tasmania 59


113-14 116-17 122 124-5 128 136 146 186



Turkestan 55

Turkey 175

Un-named Caves

Africa 56

Algiers 30

Australia 171

Austria 45 147

France 1057 147

Gibraltar 9

Italy 21

Japan 61

Laos 82

Mexicb 2 169

Switzerland 75

Turkestan 55

Turkey 175


USA Colorado 54

Un-named caves ctd

USA Indiana 1

U~A Iowa 11

USA Massachusetts 6

USA Missouri 14 88

USA Montana 35

USA Pennsylvania 33

USA Texas 40

USA Virginia 29



Alabama 8

Arizona 38 62 73 86 144

Arkansas 8

California 4 13 27 47 80 112 161

Colorado 23 54 119-20 125

Dakota 69

Georgia 12

Indiana 152 117 124 131 136 162

168 182

Iowa 6-7 11 146

Kentucky 138 15 17-20222537394150

52-364 105-6 116-18 120-2 124-39 145 153 162

165-6 168 173-4 177 182 188

Massachusetts 5

Mississippi 70 117

Missouri 14 16 44 88-9 113 167

Montana 35

Nevada 108-9

New Hampshire III

New Mexico 34 3867 144 162 170

New York 118-19 162



Tennessee 8 65 160

Texas 40 70

Virginia 17 29 41 -2 98 102 110 116 125-6 128

131 153 162 168 173-4 176 185

Wisconsin 28 100

Wyoming 162







People cld


Lee Edmund C 135

Lee Edmund F 133

Tom 136

Lee Will is T 162

Leidy Dr 33

Lynch Genevieve 167

Macey 82

Madison ames 13 t

Malltell RN 3


Marte l E A 132-3 138

Matson George C 83

Man 135

McClees Thomas 22

Miller Dr HG 28

Miller W S 135

M lIwraith W 48

Mohr Charles 166

MOrimore Edwin 26

Moser Prof 81


Mulhanen Joseph 39

Nelson John M 135-8

Nelson NC 177

Paret T Dunkin 104


Peake SAE 163



Piette Edouard 164

Porter Dr 33

Powell Truman S 113




Puckett J R 25


Quaglia Carlos 36

Safford hmes M 160

Samuel Dayid 100

Schwalbe B 76


Silliman Jnr Prof 3

Snider GW 126

Stabler John 114

Stebbins 116 123


Stewart Samuel 124

Stewart Sherman 124

Stone John E 39


People cld

Valpy Edward 137

Vaughan Edgar 136

Vire Armand 132-3

Vischer Hans 79

Whitehouse Cope 46

Wie I Van 40

Wilkins 135

Young T G 24


Peru 155

PhotoiTaphers

Begouen Max 184

Coles HAV 93

Cross WR 115

Hains Ben 50 127 129-30 133 136

House Harry A 126

Hovey HC 136

James C H 123

Mascovich S 115

Passig brothers 31

Pinson H M 138

Robert Romain 164

Stebbins BP 116 153


Vire Armand 132

Photographs 63 65 73-74 84-90 93-4 101-2 108-9 112

114-15 126 132 136-7 139-40 144-6 149-50 155

158-60 162-4 166-7 170 175 177 179 183-6






Russia 95


Saltpeter 8 1664 67 110 126 131 177

Scotland 46 103

Sea caves 112



see also clubs

South Africa 68

Spain 149 164

Speleogenesis 3 46 48 129 153 156 159

Springs 141-143 176



Surveys

Aven Armand 132



Gaping Ghyll 157

Howes Cave 118


Lascaux 149-50

Leugloch 58

Luray Caverns 123





Marble Cave 113

Montespan 93

Pattees Caves 111




Shanidar Cave 179

Swingle Cave 22

Switzerland 75

Tasmania 59


113-14 116-17 122 124-5 128 136 146 186



Turkestan 55

Turkey 175

Un-named Caves

Africa 56

Algiers 30

Australia 171

Austria 45 147

France 1057 147

Gibraltar 9

Italy 21

Japan 61

Laos 82

Mexicb 2 169

Switzerland 75

Turkestan 55

Turkey 175


USA Colorado 54

Un-named caves ctd

USA Indiana 1

U~A Iowa 11

USA Massachusetts 6

USA Missouri 14 88

USA Montana 35

USA Pennsylvania 33

USA Texas 40

USA Virginia 29



Alabama 8

Arizona 38 62 73 86 144

Arkansas 8

California 4 13 27 47 80 112 161

Colorado 23 54 119-20 125

Dakota 69

Georgia 12

Indiana 152 117 124 131 136 162

168 182

Iowa 6-7 11 146

Kentucky 138 15 17-20222537394150

52-364 105-6 116-18 120-2 124-39 145 153 162

165-6 168 173-4 177 182 188

Massachusetts 5

Mississippi 70 117

Missouri 14 16 44 88-9 113 167

Montana 35

Nevada 108-9

New Hampshire III

New Mexico 34 3867 144 162 170

New York 118-19 162



Tennessee 8 65 160

Texas 40 70

Virginia 17 29 41 -2 98 102 110 116 125-6 128

131 153 162 168 173-4 176 185

Wisconsin 28 100

Wyoming 162







Surveys

Aven Armand 132



Gaping Ghyll 157

Howes Cave 118


Lascaux 149-50

Leugloch 58

Luray Caverns 123





Marble Cave 113

Montespan 93

Pattees Caves 111




Shanidar Cave 179

Swingle Cave 22

Switzerland 75

Tasmania 59


113-14 116-17 122 124-5 128 136 146 186



Turkestan 55

Turkey 175

Un-named Caves

Africa 56

Algiers 30

Australia 171

Austria 45 147

France 1057 147

Gibraltar 9

Italy 21

Japan 61

Laos 82

Mexicb 2 169

Switzerland 75

Turkestan 55

Turkey 175


USA Colorado 54

Un-named caves ctd

USA Indiana 1

U~A Iowa 11

USA Massachusetts 6

USA Missouri 14 88

USA Montana 35

USA Pennsylvania 33

USA Texas 40

USA Virginia 29



Alabama 8

Arizona 38 62 73 86 144

Arkansas 8

California 4 13 27 47 80 112 161

Colorado 23 54 119-20 125

Dakota 69

Georgia 12

Indiana 152 117 124 131 136 162

168 182

Iowa 6-7 11 146

Kentucky 138 15 17-20222537394150

52-364 105-6 116-18 120-2 124-39 145 153 162

165-6 168 173-4 177 182 188

Massachusetts 5

Mississippi 70 117

Missouri 14 16 44 88-9 113 167

Montana 35

Nevada 108-9

New Hampshire III

New Mexico 34 3867 144 162 170

New York 118-19 162



Tennessee 8 65 160

Texas 40 70

Virginia 17 29 41 -2 98 102 110 116 125-6 128

131 153 162 168 173-4 176 185

Wisconsin 28 100

Wyoming 162







the journal of spelean historycaves.org/section/asha/issues/094.pdf · the journal of . spelean...

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