The Joint ESA-JAXA Cloud-Aerosol-Radiation Mission

EarthCARE

Tobias Wehr @ ESA and Terry Nakajima

Mission SummaryMission Objective

Understanding of cloud-aerosol-radiation interactions so as to

include them correctly and reliably in climate and NWP models

Required Global Observations:• Vertical profiles of natural and anthropogenic aerosols, their

radiative properties and interaction with clouds.• Vertical distributions of atmospheric liquid water and ice,

their transport by clouds and their radiative impact.• Cloud distribution (‘cloud overlap’), cloud-precipitation

interactions and characteristics of vertical motions within clouds.

• Retrieval of profiles of atmospheric radiative heating and cooling through the combination of the retrieved aerosol and cloud properties.

The EarthCARE Joint Mission Advisory Group

(JMAG):

Co-chairs: A.J. Illingworth, T. Nakajima

Members: H. Barker, A. Beljaars, H. Chepfer, J.

Delanoë, D. Donovan, J. Fischer, P. Kollias, H.

Kumagai, T.Y. Nakajima, H. Okamoto, M. Rapp,

N. Sugimoto, Y. Takayabu, U. Wandinger

Observers: G. Stephens, D. Vane, D. Winker

Instruments ATLID (High Spectral Resolution Lidar: HSRL)

• 34mJ @ 355nm, telescope 62cmf, FOV 30m• Mass 486kg, Power 585W, Data rate <660kb/s

CPR• 94.05GHz, Peak power 1.6 kW@BOL, 1.5 kW@EOL• Antenna 2.5 mf, PRF 6100Hz to 7500Hz• Resolution: 500 m v, 750 m h, Sens. -35dBZ (10km)• Doppler range ±10 m/s, accuracy 1 m/s (10km int., >-

19dBZ)• Mass 270 kg, Power 316 W, Data rate 270 kbps

MSI• Swath 150km, FOV 500m• 0.67, 0.86, 1.65, 2.2, 8.8, 10.8 and 12.0 mm• Mass 56 kg, Power 86 W, Data rate 515 kbps

BBR• FOV 10kmx10km• SW (0.25-4 mm, 2.5 W/m2 str), LW (4-50, 1.5 W/m2 str)• Mass 48 kg, Power 45 W, Data rate 139 kbps

Telescope

Telescope support baseplate (TSB)

Struts

M1

M2

Power Laser Head (PLH)

ATLID Stable Structure Assembly (SSA) and equipments

Radiator

Beam-Expander (E-BEX)

Emission baffle

Main plate

MREF

Structure

Platform

QOF

DPM

Mounting fastner

Aerosols: Vertical profiles of extinction and characteristics of aerosols

Clouds: Vertical profiles of liquid, supercooled and ice water, cloud overlap, particle size and extinction

Vertical motion: Convective updraft and ice fall speed

2-D Context: Clouds and aerosols horiz. structures

Radiation and Flux: Broad-band SW & LW @ TOA

Needs Techniques

Broadband Radiometer

BBR

Radar

Lidar

CPR

ATLIDUV & HSR

EarthCARE instruments

Temperature and humidity from operational analysis

Doppler Radar

CPR with Doppler

Multi-spectral Imager

MSI

Mission Summary

Final antenna measurement has been done. Beam pointing and sidelobe characteristics will be evaluated in

comparison with calculated pattern.

Azimuth cut (TX Primary)

CPR Development Status Antenna pattern measurement

w/o Thermal-shield film

Doppler Velocity Measurement Accuracy

Error

Factor

Antenna

Attachment

Angle

Phase error

(Transmitter/ Receiver &

phase detector)

Stellite

Attitude

Uncertainty

of vertical

speed

Error

CategoryBias Bias

Harmonic

(thermal

distortion)

Bias, RandomBias,

Harmonics

Error

(Beofre

Correction)

0.0075deg 0.2m/s 0.0115deg. 0.2m/s 0.8m/s

Method for

Calibration

Model of

thermal

distortion

Internal Calibration

Residual

error0.2m/s 0.0025deg. 0.2m/s 0.8m/s

Velocity

Error0.20m/s 0.034m/s 0.20m/s 0.80m/s

Total RSS

Error

Sensor Satellite Limit of Doppler

estimation

due to spread

velocity spectrum

0.97m/s

0.0075deg

Measurement before

launch (launch shift

etc. are considered)

0.0025deg.

0.34m/s

Antenna Pointing

Error

Doppler velocity accuracy Budget (CPR baseline = JMAG May 2008)

Raw data

500m（ CPR L1 data ）

1km

2.5km

5km

10km

Radar ref. factor Doppler velocity

Simulation of EarthCARE/CPR product (PRF 7200Hz ）Y. Ohno @NICT

Payload & Level 1 Products:

HSR Lidar: λ=355nm with depol. channel:

– L1: attenuated backscatter profiles

95GHz Radar with Doppler (JAXA/NICT):

– L1: Reflectivity and Doppler profiles

Multi-spectral Imager, 4 solar + 3 TIR channels

– L1: TOA radiances and brightness temperatures in 7 spectral bands

Broad-band Radiometer, 3 fixed FoV

– L1: Filtered top-of-atmosphere radiances short- and long-wave

Viewing geometries

Satellite and ground segment

Launch: 2016Launch: 2016Mission: 3 yrs (incl. 6months commissioning)+ 1yrOrbit: MLST 14:00, 393km, 97°, 25/9 daysDry launch mass: 1873kgAverage power consumption: 1645 WCommunications: S-band, X-band

Science Data Products

Data volume per orbitLevel 1: >20 GBLevel 2: >55 GB

ES

A L

evel

2 P

roce

ssin

g C

hain

Data analysis flow

Example: A-Train Observations

CloudSat Radar

CALIPSO Lidar

target classification

MODIS

Example Data UsageMeteorology: Model Improvement

Model improvement: ECMWF using CloudSat/CALIPSO data, “off-line”

ECMWF (ESA Contract 1-5576/07/NL/CB “QuARL”)

Date Use Example: Cloud Assimilation

Credits: ECMWF (ESA Contract 1-5576/07/NL/CB “QuARL”)

First step: 1D-VAR cloud radar profile assimilation

IR (10.8 m) brightness temperature

NICAM global simulation ： 2008 TC Fengshen (Nasuno et al. 2009)

RSTAR (CEReS; JMA satellite center)[Nakajima and Tanaka 1988][Sekiguchi and Nakajima 2008]

MTSAT (JMA, Japan)+ Chiba Univeristy, CEReS)+ globally-merged IR (CPC, NOAA)

• Tb, sim of convective clouds < Tb, obs in tropics• More occurrence of the congestus (Tb, sim ~270 K)

in tropics• High above convective cores simulated• NICAM shows lower (higher) cloud top

CloudSAT 94 GHz CALIPSO 532 nm

Conclusions

Finalizing the design of the EarthCARE instruments and satellite

EM performance tests have been done

Ground segment system design has been finished

L2 software implementation started

ECSIM and J-Simulator producing simulation results

Validation RA issued (JAXA)