the jim crow era: segregation and discrimination
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In The South: Segregation through Jim Crow laws Limited freedoms for African-Americans Separation of races in public and private facilities Voting Restrictions Literacy test – Must be able to pass a test to vote Poll tax – Must pay a tax to vote Grandfather clause – Exempt from those if your family voted before the war Physical Violence Ku Klux Klan Lynchings and BeatingsTRANSCRIPT
The Jim Crow Era: Segregation and Discrimination In The South:
Segregation through Jim Crow laws
Limited freedoms for African-Americans Separation of races in
public and private facilities Voting Restrictions Literacy test
Must be able to pass a test to vote Poll tax Must pay a tax to vote
Grandfather clause Exempt from those if yourfamily voted before the
war Physical Violence Ku Klux Klan Lynchings and Beatings Lynching
in the South Plessy v.Ferguson African-American activists try to
protest unfair state segregation laws 1896 Plessy vs. Ferguson
Supreme Court case Established the idea of SEPARATE BUT EQUAL The
Supreme Court said this did not violate the14th Amendment (which
promised legal equality) Allowed segregation and Jim Crow laws in
theSouth, as long as equal services were provided In 1890, the
State of Louisiana passed Act 111 that required separate
accommodations for African Americans and Whites on railroads,
including separate railway cars, though it specified that the
accommodations must be kept "equal". Concerned, several African
Americans and Whites in New Orleans formed an association, the
Citizen's Committee to Test the Separate Car Act, dedicated to the
repeal of that law. They raised $ ($ in 2008 USD) which they
offered to the then-famous author and Radical Republican jurist,
Albion W. Tourge, to serve as lead counsel for their test case.
Tourge agreed to do it pro bono. Later, they enlisted Homer Plessy,
who was one-eighth black (an octoroon in the now-antiquated
parlance), to serve as plaintiff. Their choice of a plaintiff who
could "pass" for white was a deliberate attempt to exploit the lack
of clear racial definition in either science or law so as to argue
that segregation by race was an "unreasonable" use of state power.
The intellectual roots of Plessy v. Ferguson were in part tied to
the scientific racism of the era. However, the popular support for
the decision was more likely a result of the racist beliefs held by
most whites at the time.[1] The case On June 7, 1892, Homer Plessy
boarded a car of the East Louisiana Railroad that was designated by
whites for use by white patrons only. Although Plessy was
one-eighth black and seven-eighths white, under Louisiana state law
he was classified as an African-American, and thus required to sit
in the "colored" car. When Plessy refused to leave the white car
and move to the colored car, he was arrested and jailed. In his
case, Homer Adolph Plessy v. The State of Louisiana, Plessy argued
that the East Louisiana Railroad had denied him his constitutional
rights under the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments of the United
States. However, the judge presiding over his case, John Howard
Ferguson, ruled that Louisiana had the right to regulate railroad
companies as long as they operated within state boundaries. Plessy
sought a writ of prohibition. Plessy took it to the Supreme Court
of Louisiana where he again found an unreceptive ear, as the state
Supreme Court upheld Judge Ferguson's ruling. Undaunted, Plessy
appealed to the United States Supreme Court in Two legal briefs
were submitted on Plessy's behalf. One was signed by Albion W.
Tourge and James C. Walker and the other by Samuel F. Phillips and
his legal partner F. D. McKenney. Oral arguments were held before
the Supreme Court on April 13, Only Tourge and Phillips appeared in
the courtroom to speak for the plaintiff (Plessy himself was not
present). It would become one of the most famous decisions in
American history. his great-grandmother was African-American "We,
as freemen, still believe that we were right and our cause is
sacred." The North: The Great Migration Still faced racial
discrimination
Blacks moved to Northern cities for betterpaying jobs and social
equality Still faced racial discrimination Segregated neighborhoods
Workplace discrimination RESPONSES OF AFRICAN-AMERICANS Ida B.
Wells She led an anti-lynching crusade
Called for the federalgovernment to takeaction Booker T. Washington
Founded Tuskegee Institute
Gradual path to equality is throughvocational education and
economic success Criticized for accepting segregation W.E.B. Du
Bois Demanded immediate political equality andcivil rights for
African-Americans Formed the National Association for
theAdvancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909 Ph.D. from Harvard
Founded the Niagara Movement: to promote university education for
African-Americans Clip Assignment Use your notes, the video,and
pages 530-531 in your book.
Compare and contrast the views of Booker T.Washingtonand W.E.B. du
Bois in a Venn Diagram: Booker T. Washington W.E.B. du Bois Compare
and contrast the views of Booker T. Washington and W. E. B
Compare and contrast the views of Booker T.Washingtonand W.E.B. du
Bois in a Venn Diagram: W.E.B. du Bois Booker T. Washington