the jewish people-history. abraham abraham is the patriarch or forefather of the jewish people ...
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The Jewish People-History
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Abraham
Abraham is the patriarch or forefather of the Jewish people
Lived around 2000 BCE
He was a herder in the city of Ur who migrated with his family to the land of Canaan
Existence cannot be proven or disproven
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The Covenant of the Pieces
Abraham was worried about being childless; God told him his descendants would be a great nation and the land of Canaan would be theirs
Two important takeaways: The Israelites are God’s chosen people
The land of Canaan was given to them by God
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Abraham’s Children
Abraham and his wife Sarah didn’t believe they could be parents at their ages (100 and 90), so Abraham had a child by Sarah’s slave Hagar, called Ishmael
Eventually, Sarah became pregnant and had a child named Isaac
Ishmael and Isaac would both father great nations
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Abraham’s Children
God told Abraham that Isaac, not Ishmael fulfilled his promise to Abraham
Isaac’s descendants would inherit the land of Canaan, not Ishmael’s
Ishmael’s birth was a natural event; Isaac’s was supernatural
Isaac became a patriarch of the Jewish people; Ishmael became the patriarch of Arabs and Muslims
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Jacob
One of Isaac’s sons was Jacob
God renamed Jacob “Israel” after he wrestled with an angel
Israel=“He who wrestles with God”
Jacob had twelve children, each forming one of the Twelve Tribes of Israel
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Leaving Canaan
Jacob and his sons were forced to flee Canaan because of a famine
They settled in Egypt, where they were eventually enslaved by the Pharaohs
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Moses
After 400 years of slavery, God sent the prophet Moses to liberate the Israelites
God sent the 10 plagues of Egypt to convince the Egyptians to let the Israelites go
Moses led the people out of Egypt by parting the Red Sea-when the Egyptian army tried to follow, the Sea crashed down on them
There is no archeological evidence supporting this
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Return to Canaan
After leaving Egypt, the Israelites wandered the Sinai Peninsula for 40 years
While they wandered the desert, Moses delivered the laws of Judaism, the Ten Commandments
Finally, they reconquered the land of Canaan
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The Exodus
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Saul
The Twelve Tribes were ruled by judges before being united under a king, Saul
Around this time, Israel was attacked by a number of groups, including the Philistines
Saul was unable to defeat the Philistines, so he was rejected by God and replaced as king by David
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David
David is chosen by God to defeat the Philistines
David defeated Goliath, the greatest warrior of the Philistines, and cut off his head for all to see
David ruled Israel for 40 years and made its capital Jerusalem
Great warrior, musician, and poet (wrote most of the Book of Psalms)
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Solomon
David was succeeded as king by Solomon
Israel enjoyed great prosperity, but Solomon levied heavy taxes and used force labor to build a temple to God
This is known as the First Temple Period in Jewish history
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The Split
After Solomon’s death, anger about taxes and forced labor split the kingdom of Israel in two.
The ten tribes to the north became Israel.
The two tribes to the south became Judah.
Fighting between the two kingdoms weakened them, leaving them vulnerable to outside invasion.
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Conquest Part I
The Kingdom of Israel was conquered by the Assyrians in 722 BC
The kingdom is destroyed; the people are slaughtered or deported across the Middle East
They become the ten “Lost Tribes of Israel”
Was Jerusalem conquered? The Bible says no, the Assyrians say yes
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Conquest Part II
The Kingdom of Judah was conquered by the Babylonians in 586 BC
The Jewish people were sent to Babylon to be enslaved
This is known as the Babylonian Captivity, and the end of the First Temple Period
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The End of the Captivity
The Persians conquer the Babylonians, allow the Jews to return to Judah
The Jews are permitted to keep their culture
They rebuild the temple; this is known as the Second Temple Period
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The Maccabees
The Greeks later conquered Judah and used the temple for their religion
The Maccabee family defeated the Greeks
This revolt is celebrated during Hanukkah; a menorah is lit and stays lit for 8 days on one vial of oil
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Roman Occupation and Diaspora
The Romans occupied Judah in 63 BC
The Jews revolt several times and are defeated
Final revolt 135 AD-Romans destroy the temple and exile the Jews across the Middle East and Europe
The Diaspora-The scattering