the japanese experience in micro chp for …...1 the japanese experience in micro chp for...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Japanese experience in The Japanese experience in micro CHP for residential usemicro CHP for residential use
May 29th, 2008Gas Industry Micro CHP Workshop 2008
Kunihiro NishizakiTokyo Gas Co., Ltd.
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Contents
1. Introduction ~ Gas Engine
2. Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC)
3. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)
3Transition of energy consumption rate in Japanese residential sectorTransition of energy consumption rate in Transition of energy consumption rate in Japanese residential sectorJapanese residential sector
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
1975
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
照明・家電・他
給湯
冷房
暖房
Ene
rgy
cons
umpt
ion
(MJl
/ fam
ily/ y
ear)
Ratio @ FY2002
38%
34%
26% 2%
Jukankyo Research Institute Inc.
Lighting, etc. Hot water
Heating
Large amount of energy for hot water
Cooling
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WhatWhat’’s residential CHP in Japan?s residential CHP in Japan?
Fuel (city gas etc.)
Hot water supply
Generation unit
Hot water storage unit including backup burner
Recovered heat
Electricity (grid connected)
>Rated power: 1kW class
>Recovered heat used as hot water
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Schematic Image of residential CHP Schematic Image of residential CHP for Connectionsfor Connections
City gas Hot water
Electric power from CHP
Commercial grid power
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Residential Residential CHPsCHPs in Japanin JapanGas Engine PEFC SOFC
EfficiencyE / H (%LHV)
22.5 / 63 37 / 50 45 / 30
Operation Start & stop Start & stop Continuous
Stage Commercial Limited market entry
Field trial
PEFC: Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell, SOFC: Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
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Gas engine based residential CHP Gas engine based residential CHP -- EcowillEcowill --
Rated power : 1kW
Efficiency (LHV) :Generation : 22.5 %Heat : 63.0 %Overall : 85.5 %
Manufacturer :Honda (engine unit)Noriz or Chofu(hot water storage unit)
8Cumulative number of gas engine Cumulative number of gas engine based residential CHP in Japanbased residential CHP in Japan
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PEFC based residential CHPPEFC based residential CHPHigher electrical efficiency
Primary energy saving, CO2 reduction
Lower noise, lower vibration, cleaner exhaust
Common technology with FCV
Strong support by the government
Aggressive development by manufacturers and energy companies
in Japan
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Hot water tank
PEFC stack
Air
Hot water
Hot water
Recovered heat
Natural gas
Fuel processor
H2 gas
DC electricity
DC/AC ConverterAC electricity
Backup water heaterA
ir
Components of residential PEFCComponents of residential PEFC
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Road Map of Residential PEFC Development
Road Map of Residential Road Map of Residential PEFC Development PEFC Development
IntroductionphaseDevelopment phase Penetration
phase
2005 2009
Large Scale Demonstration
DeregulationCodes & Standards
Subsidy for Market Penetration
Technology Development Support Program
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Development InitiativeDevelopment Initiative
Energy Companies-Market Research-Conceptual design for increase of market acceptance-Risk Management
Energy Companies-Market Research-Conceptual design for increase of market acceptance-Risk Management
METI-Policy making and initiative
-Subsidization-Deregulation
-Codes and Standards
METI-Policy making and initiative
-Subsidization-Deregulation
-Codes and Standards
Manufacturers-R&D-Production
Manufacturers-R&D-Production
CustomerCustomer
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JGAJGA’’ss stationary PEFC testing programstationary PEFC testing program““Millennium projectMillennium project”” (2000 (2000 -- ) ) subsidized by NEDOsubsidized by NEDO
JGA: Japan Gas Association
PEFC systems testing related to safety, performance etc.
>Deregulation>Codes and standards
Test Facility
14Large-Scale Stationary Fuel Cell DemonstrationProject (JFY 2005-2008) conducted by METI/NEDO/NEF
LargeLarge--Scale Stationary Fuel Cell DemonstrationScale Stationary Fuel Cell DemonstrationProject (JFY 2005Project (JFY 2005--2008) 2008) conducted by METI/NEDO/NEFconducted by METI/NEDO/NEF
>DemonstratorPair of a PEFC manufacturer and a fuel supplier
>Applicable fuel cells1kW class fuel cells
>Subsidy
>Total number of demonstration
JFY 2005 2006 2007 2008¥/system 6 million 4.5 million 3.5 million 2.2 million
JFY 2005 2006 2007 2008Total 400 777 930
2101120
TG 150 160 276
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Ebara Pana-sonic
EneosCelltech(Sanyo)
Toshiba Toyota Total
Tokyo gas 265 255
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Hokkaido gas 20 20
Nippon oil 221 221Cosmo oil 5 5
Kero-sene
subtotal 226 226
Nippon gas 6 6
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520
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4 114 106 224Osaka gasToho gasSaibu gas
subtotal 330 285 114 112 893
subtotal 635 433 1068
Nippon oil Other 9companies
25 433 458LPGas
25 13 9020 13 33
Total
610 610
556 285 749 545 2187
CityGas
Players in the LargePlayers in the Large--scale demonstration project (JFY2005scale demonstration project (JFY2005--2007)2007)
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Residential PEFC Residential PEFC CHPsCHPs
ENEOS celltech(former SANYO)
TOSHIBA FCP EBARA MATSUSHITA(Panasonic)
TOYOTA
Natural gas/ LPG750W
Natural gas/ LPG700W
Natural gas/ Kerosene
1,000WNatural gas
1,000W
Natural gas
1,000W
Source : NEF Home Page
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Specification of residential PEFC of Tokyo Gas -LIFUEL-
Specification of residential PEFC Specification of residential PEFC of Tokyo Gas of Tokyo Gas --LIFUELLIFUEL--
Rated power: 1kWEfficiency*(electricity): 37%
(heat recovery): 50%(overall) : 87%
Turndown ratio: 30%Hot water storage: 200LFuel: City gas (13A)
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.
*LHV basis Ebara Ballard Corp.
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Role of Tokyo Gas in Residential FC Development
Trouble shooting、MaintenanceCustomer support
Establishment of concept and specification
In-house R&D: Fuel processor, Operation control
Evaluation through operation tests and field trials
Easy installation, Maintainability, User manuals, etc.
Establishment of social platform
Technical support for deregulation, codes & standards, etc.
Product development
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Durability Test of the Systems
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Remote Controller of LIFUEL Remote Controller of LIFUEL
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Installation of LIFUELInstallation of LIFUEL
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Installation of LIFUELInstallation of LIFUEL
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Average AC Output (W)
Elec
tric
and
Hea
t Effi
cien
cy (%
LHV)
Electric and Heat EfficiencyElectric and Heat Efficiency
High efficiency even at partial load in actual use
◆Electrical Efficiency, ●Heat Efficiency
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Summary of the Operation ResultsSummary of the Operation Results205 Total Average(/day)
Generation time 1015928 h 13.6 h
Amount 629 MWh 8.4 kWhSupplied electricity Contribution
ratio34 %
Amount 937 MWh 12.5 kWhSupplied heat Contribution
ratio78 %
Amount 743 MWh 9.9 kWhPrimary energy saving
Ratio 25 %
Amount 263 t-CO2 3.5 kg-CO2CO2emission reduction
Ratio 38 %
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SOFC based residential CHPSOFC based residential CHP
Flat tubular Cell
700W(AC) SOFC Unit
by Kyocera
Target Electrical Efficiency :>45%LHV (@ rated power)
Higher electrical efficiency
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SOFC Demonstration Research Project (JFY 2007-2010) conducted by METI/NEDO/NEFSOFC Demonstration Research Project SOFC Demonstration Research Project (JFY 2007(JFY 2007--2010) 2010) conducted by METI/NEDO/NEFconducted by METI/NEDO/NEF
>ObjectivesClarification of the issues including durability
through actual usage>Budget
¥765million for JFY2007, ¥800million for JFY2008
>Players in JFY2007 (Operator / Manufacturer)Osaka Gas / Kyocera: 20 sitesTokyo Gas / Kyocera: 3 sitesSaibu Gas / Kyocera: 1 sitesHokkaido Gas / Kyocera: 1 sitesNippon Oil / Nippon oil: 2 sites (LPG, Kerosene)TOTO / TOTO: 2sites (small commercial, 2kW)
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For the children of the future