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The Italian Renaissance Chapter 15 Section 1

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Objectives: Students will explore the changes in society and in cities that stimulated the beginning of the Renaissance. Students will identify the ideas that formed the foundation of the Italian Renaissance. Students will examine the contributions artists made to the Renaissance. Main Idea In Italy the growth of wealthy trading cities and new ways of thinking helped lead to a rebirth of the arts and learning. This era became known as the Renaissance. The Italian Renaissance

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Music Comparison Middle Ages and Renaissance AGNUS DEI XII (ENGLISH ADAPTATION) Lamb of God, * you take away the sins of the world : have mercy on us. Lamb of God, * you take away the sins of the world : have mercy on us. Lamb of God, * you take away the sins of the world : grant us peace. Pastime with good company I love and shall until I die grudge who lust but none deny so God be pleased thus live will I for my pastance hunt sing and dance my heart is set all goodly sport for my comfort who shall me let youth must have some dalliance of good or ill some pastance Company me thinks then best all thoughts and fancies to digest. for Idleness is chief mistress of vices all then who can say. but mirth and play is best of all. Company with honesty is virtue vices to flee. Company is good and ill but every man has his free will. the best ensue the worst eschew my mind shall be. virtue to use vice to refuse thus shall I use me. With Good Company Henry VIII (Modern English)

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Michelangelos painting was different from the art of the Middle Ages, and only one way in which European society began changing after the 1300s. 1300, Black Death, starvation, warfare had overtaken Europe Catastrophic events, enormous loss of life may have led to changes of the 1300sCatastrophic events, enormous loss of life may have led to changes of the 1300s Decrease in population led to: Increase in food production Decline in food prices More money to spend Specialization in products Changes in Society Urban areas specialized, particularly in Italy Italy divided into several large city- states in north, various kingdoms, Papal States south Catholic Church, nobles, merchants, artisans dominated society in city- states Many sought to display new wealth with knowledge of arts The Rise of City-States The Beginning of the Renaissance

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Milan, Florence Milan, west of Venice, based economy on agriculture, silk, weapons Florence, to south, famous for banking, cloth Monarchs appealed to Florentine bankers for money to fund wars Merchants refined raw wool into fine cloth Bankers, merchants created city to rival any in Europe Venice With access to sea, Venice built economy, reputation on trade Had long history of trading with other ports on Mediterranean Sea Shipbuilding prospered, sailors traveled to Near East Wealthy Venetian merchants built unique city, work of art

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Modern Renaissance Cities United Arab Emirates Shanghai, China

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As the economy and society changed, new ideas began to appear. This period of interest and developments in art, literature, science and learning is known as the Renaissance, French for rebirth. Venetian ships carried goods for trade and Greek scholars seeking refuge Scholars brought ancient works thought to be lost Inspiration from the Ancients Italians who could read looked for more information Read Arabic translations of original texts Searched libraries, found lost texts New World of Ideas As they read, began to think about philosophy, art, science in different ways Began to believe in human capacity to create, achieve Different Viewpoints Renaissance Ideas

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Interest in ancient Greek, Roman culture Characteristics of good education Scholastic education gave way to classics: rhetoric, grammar, poetry, history, Latin, Greek Subjects came to be known as humanities, movement they inspired known as humanism Humanists emphasized individual accomplishment Humanities Humanism Ideal Renaissance man came to be universal man, accomplished in classics, but also man of action, who could respond to all situations. Best Example Leonardo Da Vinci Renaissance Man http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hUCfMDcT vHM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lY- qwLvfxSw

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Modern humanists/Renaissance people?

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Early 1500s life in Italy seemed insecure, precarious Church no longer served as source of stability, peace Form of humanism developed from Petrarchs ideas; focus was secular, was worldly rather than spiritual Humanists argued that individual achievement, education could be fully expressed only if people used talents, abilities in service of cities. Service Secular Writers How to Act Italian diplomat Baldassare Castiglione wrote book, The Courtier Described how perfect Renaissance gentleman, gentlewoman should act

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How to Rule Philosopher, statesman Niccol Machiavelli also wrote influential book Experiences with violent politics influenced opinions on how governments should rule in The Prince Machiavellian advice seemed to encourage harsh treatment of citizens, rival states Describes men as ungrateful, fickle, liars, and deceivers Advises rulers to separate morals from politics Power, ruthlessness more useful than idealism Ruler must do whatever necessary to maintain political power, even if cruel Machiavellis theory that the end justifies the means deviated from accepted views of correct behavior Idea that state an entity in itself, separate from its ruler, became foundation for later political philosophy How we live is so different from how we ought to live that he who studies what ought to be done rather than what is done will learn the way to his downfall rather than to his preservation. Niccol MachiavelliNiccol Machiavelli

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Do the ends justify the means some famous examples

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Cohn, Bill. Closing Pandora's Box. Digital image. Prague Post. N.p., 23 Apr. 2009. Web. 29 Oct. 2013..

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http://youtu.be/lb13ynu3Iac

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Scientific Information Humanists searched archives, Arab translations for classical texts Discovered wealth of scientific information Scientific Challenges Science soon became important avenue of inquiry Churchs teachings about world were challenged, particularly that Earth center of universe Natural World Focus of Renaissance on human sciences, history, politics, geography New ideas about natural world began to be explored also Earth, Sun Nicholas Copernicus said Sun was center of universe Galileo Galilei arrested by church officials for saying Earth orbited Sun Science of the Renaissance

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In a book called On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies (that was published as Copernicus lay on his deathbed), Copernicus proposed that the Sun, not the Earth, was the center of the Solar System. Such a model is called a heliocentric system. The ordering of the planets known to Copernicus in this new system is illustrated in the following figure, which we recognize as the modern ordering of those planets.

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Renaissance artists wanted to paint the natural world as realistically as possible. The arts a reflection of the new humanist spirit Medieval artistsidealized and symbolic representations Renaissance artists depicted what they observed in nature Renaissance Art

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Highly talented in all fields (renaissance man) His paintings are still studied and admired Wrote out ideas, filling 20,000 pages of notes His interests, enthusiasm boundless Studied anatomy Age 24, won fame with Piet, sculpture of Jesus mother Mary holding sons dead body Sculpture communicates grief, love, acceptance, immortality Michelangelo Marble statue of David Most famous painting, artwork on ceiling of Sistine Chapel Scenes from Old Testament considered one of greatest achievements in art history Sculpture, Painting Leonardo da Vinci

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Leonardos handwriting

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Leonardo Da Vinci The Last Supper

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Vitruvian Man

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Leonardo Da Vincis The Virgin of the Rocks 1491-1508

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Mona Lisa, 1503 / 1506 Leonardo da Vinci

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Piet 1499 Marble, height 174 cm, width at the base 195 cm Basilica di San Pietro, Vatican Michelangelo

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Statue of David 1501-1504

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http://www.vatican.va/various/cappelle/sistina_vr/index.html

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Renaissance architecture reached height with work of Donato Bramante Had already achieved fame when chosen architect of Rome Design for St. Peters Basilica influenced appearance of many smaller churches Bramante Raffaello Sanzio, became known as Raphael Renowned painter, accomplished architect Most famous work, The School of Athens, frescopainting made on fresh, moist plaster Also well known for many paintings of the Madonna, mother of Jesus Raphael Other Artists

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Raphael Madonna of the Meadow 1505

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Medieval times, anonymous artists who worked for church created art Renaissance artists worked for whoever offered them highest price Buyers of art, patrons, might be wealthy individuals, city governments, or church Patrons of the Arts Wealthy individuals competed, displaying wealth, modernity through purchase of artworks Florence, Lorenzo de Medici supported most talented artists Milan, ruling Sforza family benefactors of artists, others Competition Among Patrons

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Religious paintings focused on personality Humanist interest in classical learning, human nature Building design reflected humanist reverence for Greek, Roman culture Classical architecture favored Classical Influence Studied perspective, represented three- dimensional objects Experimented with using color to portray shapes, textures Subject matter changed; artists began to paint, sculpt scenes from Greek, Roman myths Artists Methods Styles and Techniques

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1.How did society and cities change in the 1300s? 2.What were some important new ideas of the Renaissance? 3.What was the ideal of Renaissance art?

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Trade, the movement of artists and scholars, and the development of printing helped spread Renaissance ideas north from Italy. As cities grew, vast trading network spread across northern Europe Network dominated by Hanseatic League, merchant organization, 1200s to 1400s Protected members from pirates, other hazards Built lighthouses, trained ship captains Trading Goods Northern Europeans traded ideas, goods; spread Italian Renaissance north Fleeing violence, Italian artists brought humanist ideas, painting techniques north Northern scholars traveled to Italy, brought ideas home Universities started in France, Netherlands, Germany Trading Ideas The Renaissance Spreads North

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Printing Press Mid-1400s, Johannes Gutenberg cast letters of alphabet on metal plates, locked metal plates on wooden press; perfected movable type printing Result, one of most dramatic upheavals world has ever known Italics Gutenbergs first publication, 1,282-page Bible Printers soon appeared in other cities, made books quickly, inexpensively Explosion of printed material quickly spread Renaissance ideas Printed Word Available to More Before only way to reproduce writing was by hand; long, painstaking process With movable type, text quickly printed; producing books faster, cheaper Easier access to books prompted more people to learn to read A Book Revolution

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Northern humanists expressed their own ideas Combined interests of theology, fiction and history Created philosophical works, novels, dramas, and poems Combined Christian ideas, humanism Wrote of pure, simple Christian life, educating children Fanned flames of discontent Roman Catholic Church censored, condemned works Desiderius Erasmus Mores best-known work, Utopia, contains criticisms of English government, society Presents vision of perfect, non-existent society based on reason Sir Thomas More Italian-born writer focused on role of women in society Grew up in French court of Charles V; turned to writing when widowed Championed equality, education for women Christine de Pisan Philosophers and Writers

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Use of language, choice of themes made plays appealing even to uneducated Plays helped spread ideas of Renaissance to mass audience Focused on lives of realistic characters, unlike morality plays By Shakespeares death, 1616, London scene of thriving theatre district Spread Renaissance Ideas Many believe English playwright William Shakespeare greatest writer Plots not original, but treatments of them masterful Deep understanding of human nature Drew inspiration from ancient, contemporary literature Knowledge of natural science, humanist topics expressed in plays William Shakespeare Shakespeare and His Characters

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Artists Like literary counterparts, northern European artists influenced by Italian Renaissance Adopted Italian techniques Works reflected more realistic view of humanity Italian artists tried to capture beauty of Greek, Roman gods in paintings Northern artists tried to depict people as they really were

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Johannes Vermee

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1400s, German artist Albrecht Drer visited Italy On return, used Italian techniques of realism, perspective Oil paintings exhibit features unique to northern Renaissance Oils reproduced textures; reflection of objects, scenes outside window Artists of Netherlands developed own style, Flemish School Used technique perfected by Jan van Eyck, 1400s Fused the everyday with religious; lit candle represents Gods presence Flemish School 1500s, Pieter Brueghel the Elder used Italian techniques Paintings showed scenes from everyday peasant life Different from mythological scenes of Italian paintings Everyday Life Drer and Others