the islamic empires of the 16 th century
DESCRIPTION
The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century. The Islamic Empires. Three of the greatest empires in world history dominate the Near East and South Asia from 1500-1800 Ottoman Empire (Balkans, Middle East & Eastern Europe) Safavid Empire (Persia) Mogul Empire (India). Safavid Empire. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Islamic Empires of
the16th Century
![Page 2: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Islamic Empires Three of the greatest empires in world history dominate the Near East and South Asia from 1500-1800
Ottoman Empire (Balkans, Middle East & Eastern Europe)
Safavid Empire (Persia)
Mogul Empire (India)
![Page 3: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ottoman Empire
Safavid Empire
Mogul Empire
![Page 4: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Ottoman Empire (1299-1923)
In 10th century, Turkic nomads enter Middle East & convert to Islam
Fierce warriors, many settle down and become like their Byzantine and Persian neighbors
100 years later, they found the Ottoman Empire
![Page 5: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Ottoman Empire (1299-1923) Mehmet II (r. 1451-1481)
Expands the Ottoman Empire into Southern Europe
Conquers Constantinople! (1453)
Becomes capital of OttomanEmpire
![Page 6: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Topkapi Palace (built 1463)
![Page 7: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566) Conquered much of North Africa, Central Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, relied on gunpowder
Called the “Lawgiver” for government reform, cultural achievements and simplifying system of taxation
Controlled trade routes into interior
![Page 8: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Ottoman Empire (1299-1923)
![Page 9: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Ottoman Empire (1299-1923)
Strong central government
State religion: Sunni Islam
Followed Islamic law (sharia)
Other religions tolerated
Arts, sciences and literature flourish
![Page 10: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The Safavid Dynasty (1501-1722)Shah Ismail I : Founder
Came to power at age twelve
Conquered Persia (modern-day Iran)
Took title of “Shah” (king)
![Page 11: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Safavid Empire (1501-1722)
Strong central government
State religion: Shia Islam
Large wealthy middle class: people rich from trade
Golden Age of 1588-1629 (under Shah Abbas I): increased knowledge in science, medicine, mathematics and the arts
Safavid Empire most famous for its silk and carpet weavings
![Page 12: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
“Youthful Lovers” by Reza Abbasi (1565–1635)
![Page 13: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Safavid Dynasty (1501-1722)
![Page 14: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Taj Mahal (1648)
![Page 15: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Babur (1494-1530) Age eleven: inherited kingdom in Central Asia
Elders took it away and drove him to the south
Raised army, swept south into modern-day India and laid foundation for the Mogul Empire
![Page 16: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Akbar (1556-1605) Known as the “Great One”
Expanded the Mogul Empire throughout Indian Subcontinent
Equipped army with heavy artillery
Very religiously tolerant: created a peaceful India for Hindus and Muslims
Turned enemies into allies
Unified land of 100 million people
![Page 17: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Mogul Empire (1526-1857) Located in India
Moguls: Muslim rulers descended from Genghis Khan
Early Mogul Empire noted for religious tolerance
Produced finest and most elegant art and architecture in the history of Muslim dynasties in India
Both Hindu and Muslim artists collaborated
Empire commanded wealth and resources unparalleled in Indian history
![Page 18: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Mogul Empire (1526-1857)
![Page 19: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
China in the 16th Century:
The Ming Dynasty
![Page 20: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
20
![Page 21: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) Kublai Khan dies in 1294 and the Mongols lose control of China
A series of rebellions drive them out
In 1368, a rebel leader named Zhu Yuanzhang becomes Emperor.
He unites the country and sets up his capital at Nanjing in southern China.
There, he founds the Ming, or “Brilliant,” dynasty.
![Page 22: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
After 30 years, his son Yong Le becomes Emperor
1421: Yong Le moves the capital north to Beijing and builds a large area of palaces and government buildings known as the Imperial City
The center of the Imperial City was known as the Forbidden City.
Yong Le
![Page 23: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The Forbidden City
![Page 24: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) Ming Dynasty considered “one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history.”
Why?
Ming emperors made all the decisions but educated officials carry out their orders.
Every few years Ming officials compiled a census to collect taxes more accurately.
In the early years of the Ming dynasty, China’s economy began to grow.
![Page 25: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Rising Economy Canals and farms destroyed by the Mongols are rebuilt
Forests are planted and new roads paved
Agriculture thrived on new farmland
Grand Canal repaired: rice and other goods could be shipped north to south
New types of rice imported from southeast AsiaThis helped feed the growing number of people living in cities
![Page 26: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Rising Economy The Ming supported silk industry and encouraged farmers to grow cotton and weave cloth. China becomes wealthy through production of fine silk, cloth, paper, pearls, and porcelain.
![Page 27: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The Voyages of Zheng He
![Page 28: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The Seven Expeditions of Zheng He(1405-1433)
Early Ming emperors curious about the world outside of China
They wanted the rest of the world to know about China
So, they built a huge fleet of ships
From 1405 to 1431, Emperor Yong Le sent the fleet on seven overseas voyages.
He wanted to trade with other kingdoms, show off China’s power, and demand that weaker kingdoms pay tribute.
The leader of these journeys was a Chinese Muslim and court official named Zheng He.
![Page 29: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Zheng He (1371-) Born to Hui people in modern-day southwestern Yunnan Province, still under Mongol influence
Religious affiliation: Islam, syncretism with Taoism and Buddhism
Taken to Nanjing as a eunuch to serve in Ming Imperial Household; becomes Head Eunuch
Confidant of the Third Emperor of the Ming Dynasty
Appointed Admiral: as a Muslim he could more easily negotiate with Muslim merchants on Indian Ocean
![Page 30: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The Seven Expeditions of Zheng He(1405-1433)
Seven naval expeditions to over 30 countries sponsored by the Ming in order to:
Establish/maintain Chinese presence in SE Asia
Impress foreigners from the Indian Ocean
Impose imperial control over trade
Extend tributary system and collect pledges of loyalty from other kingdoms
![Page 31: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The Seven Expeditions of Zheng He(1405-1433)
Over 300 ships including 62 treasure ships (called junks) 28,000 crew: sailors, clerks, interpreters, officers, soldiers, artisans, doctors, traders, astrologers Largest naval force in world history before World War I
![Page 32: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Another example contrasting ship size…The largest ship was over 440 ft long, making it more than five times as long as the Santa Maria that Christopher Columbus sailed 90 years later.
![Page 33: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The Voyages of Zheng He
![Page 34: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The Seven Expeditions of Zheng He(1405-1433)
Zheng He took his first fleet to SE Asia. In later voyages he reached India, sailed up the Persian Gulf to Arabia, and even landed in East Africa He traded Chinese goods, like silk, paper and porcelain for black silver, spices, wood and other goods. When he was in Africa he bought giraffes and other animals for the Emperor’s zoo.
As a result of these voyages, Chinese merchants settled in Southeast Asia and India where they traded goods and spread Chinese culture.
![Page 35: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
The Voyages End Despite the benefits of the voyages many Chinese officials didn’t want them They thought they were too expensiveThey also thought it was bad for China to be exposed to new ideas from the outside world:
Confucius taught that people should place loyalty to society ahead of their own desires and to the Chinese officials, China’s merchants were disobeying this by working to gain money for themselves.
After Zheng He’s death in 1433, the Confucian officials persuaded the new emperor to stop the voyages.The boats were taken apart and no more were allowed to be built.China’s trade with other countries declined and within 50 years, the shipbuilding technology was forgotten.
![Page 36: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
The Voyages of Zheng He
![Page 37: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Native Peoplesof the
Americas
![Page 38: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Following Slides:Homework and
Worksheets
![Page 39: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Name: Date:Compare/Contrast:The Ottoman, Safavid and Mogul Empires
Ottomans
Safavids
Moguls
What do they
hold incommon
?
Social and Economic Religious and Cultural Political and MilitaryGeographic
![Page 40: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: The Islamic Empires of the 16 th Century](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062323/568160b6550346895dcfdb1a/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)