The IR-4 BiopesticideWorkshop

September 24, 2015

Michael Braverman

HandoutsAgenda

Biopesticide Workshop 2015 Priorities(By crop)

Priorities by discipline (Entomology, Pathology, Weed Sci)

Workshop Survey

Celebrating 50 Years!

1983

1993

2003

2014

IR-4 BiopesticideRegulatory Assistance Program 1982

IR-4 BiopesticideGrantProgram 1995

Demonstration Grant Program Co-funded by EPA 2004-2008

Priority Based Grant Program 2014

Voting in Chicago – Priority

Priority Fruit Organic Ornamental Other Public Health Vegetables

#1 Citrus greening/Citrus

Fireblight / Organic apples

Cryphonectriaparasitica / ChestnutBlight

Varroa mite/Honeybees

Public Health/ Mosquitoes

Bacterial Diseases Fruiting Veg. -field & GH

#2 Spotted wing Drosophila/ All crops

Weed control/ Organic crops

Botrytis leaf spot/blight / Bulb cut flowers

RNAi based technologies /All crops

Public health/ Bed bugs

Downy Mildew / Basil (field & GH)

#3 Brown MarmoratedStink bug/All crops

Mummy berry, Anthracnose, Alternaria / blueberry

Weed Control in Nursery Seed & Transplant Beds

Fruit flies / Fruit and vegetables

Public Health/ Tick

Whitefly, Aphid, Psyllids/GH tomato

#4 Aflatoxin/Figs

Late blight / Organic tomato

Turfgrass / Nematodes Armillaria /

Fruit trees woody ornamentals

Mites, Thrips, Aphids and whiteflies / vegetables

Results 2014 Workshop>2015 trials

Priority Fruit Organic Ornamental Other Public Health

Vegetables

#1 Citrus greening/Citrus

Fireblight / Organic apples

Cryphonectriaparasitica / ChestnutBlight

Varroa mite/Honeybees

Public Health/ Mosquitoes

Bacterial Diseases Fruiting Veg. -field & GH

#2 Spotted wing Drosophila/ All crops

Weed control/ Organic crops

Botrytis leaf spot/blight / Bulb cut flowers

RNAi based technologies /All crops

Public health/ Bed bugs

Downy Mildew / Basil (field & GH)

#3 Brown MarmoratedStink bug/All crops

Mummy berry, Anthracnose, Alternaria / blueberry

Weed Control in Nursery Seed & Transplant Beds

Fruit flies / Fruit and vegetables

Public Health/ Tick

Whitefly, Aphid, Psyllids/GH tomato

#4 Aflatoxin/Figs

Late blight / Organic tomato

Turfgrass / Nematodes

Armillaria / Fruit trees woody ornamentals

Mites, Thrips, Aphids and whiteflies / vegetables

Results 2014 Workshop>2015 trials

Crown gall resistant Walnut

Female self limiting gene-Diamondback moth

Viral induced hypovirulenceand transgenic OxO

Blueberry Caneberry

Clavibacter,spot and spec in Tomato

Breakout groupsEntomology, Plant Pathology, Weed Science

• Should we continue funding the same projects in 2016 that were funded in 2015?

• Within the list of priorities has any become a more serious problem that needs more attention?

• Are there certain priorities that are of national importance versus regional interest?

• Are there any new products that really have a lot of potential to the degree that a particular priority should be ranked higher than others?

• Where do resistance problems exist that need alternatives or how to integrate biopesticides, conventional products and cultural practices to manage the pest?

• In conclusion, within the groups of Fruit, Organic, Other and Vegetable what are the most important priorities?( Note you can all vote how you choose, this is to facilitate exposure to different opinions and stimulate thought)

2015 Biopesticide Trial Results

Efficacy and Phytotoxicity ofBiopesticides for management of

Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD) inblueberry and caneberries

Lindsy Iglesias, Ph.D. StudentOscar E. Liburd, Principle Investigator

IR‐4 National Pesticide ClearanceBiopesticide Efficacy And Performance Protocol

Trial 1: Organic Blueberries

• April‐May 2015• RCBD, 4 rep, 12 trt• 4 applications, 7 d interval• Adults and berries sampled weekly

– Berries reared for 14 d for emergence

• Data analysis– Logist[x+0.2] transformed– Repeated measures, LSD mean separation (JMP 11.1.1, SAS 

Institute Inc. 2013)

Obj. 1 Results: Berry InfestationAnalyzed Using Nonparametric Kruskal‐Wallis Rank Sums Test

α = 0.95

*All Products are labeled for organic useTrial 1: Treatments# Compound Active Ingredient Rate Notes1 Untreated ‐‐ ‐‐2 Entrust SC Spinosad 6 fl oz/acre3 Grandevo Chromobacterium subtsugae 3 lb/acre4 Venerate XC Burkholderia spp. 2 qt/acre5 Entrust SC Spinosad 6 fl oz/acre Tank Mix

Grandevo C. subtsugae 2 lb/acre6 Entrust SC Spinosad 6 fl oz/acre Tank Mix

Venerate XC Burkholderia spp. 2 qt/acre7 Veratran D Lo Sabadilla Alkaloids 8 lb/acre8 Veratran D Hi Sabadilla Alkaloids 15 lb/acre9 Grandevo C. subtsugae 3 lb/acre Rotation

OxiDate 2.0 Hydrogen Dioxide, Peroxyacetic Acid 64 fl oz/100 gal H2OVenerate XC Burkholderia spp. 2 qts/acre

10 Azera Pyrethrins+azadirachtin 2.5 PT/acre Tank MixEntrust SC Spinosad 6 fl oz/acre

11 Azera Pyrethrins+azadirachtin 2.5 PT/acre Tank MixGrandevo C. subtsugae 2 lb/acre

12 Azera Pyrethrins+azadirachtin 2.5 PT Tank MixVenerate XC Burkholderia spp. 2 qt/acre

Trial 1 Blueberry: Findings

• New products found to be effective for control of SWD in organic systems– Oxidate, Veratran D, Grandevo, and Azera

• Venerate XC was ineffective

• Entrust did not show same level of control asin the past

• June‐July 2015• RCBD, 4 rep, 9 trt• 4 applications, 7 d interval• Adults and berries sampled weekly

– Berries reared for 14 d for emergence

• Data analysis– Log[x+1] transformed– Repeated measures, LSD mean separation (JMP 

11.1.1, SAS Institute Inc. 2013)

Trial 2: Conventional Blackberries

*All Products are labeled for organic useTrial 2: Treatments Blackberry

# Compound Active Ingredient Rate Notes1 Entrust  SC Spinosad 6 fl oz/acre Tank Mix

Veratran D Hi Sabadilla Alkaloids 15 lb/ac2 Veratran D Hi Sabadilla Alkaloids 15 lb/ac3 Cimexa Lo Amorphous Silica Gel 5 lb/acre Tank Mix

PolyTaxi Soap (adjuvant) 26 fl/100 gal waterVeratran D Hi Sabadilla Alkaloids 15 lb/ac

4 Cimexa Hi Amorphous Silica Gel 10 lb/acre Tank MixPolyTaxi Soap (adjuvant) 26 fl/100 gal water

5 Entrust SC Spinosad 6 fl oz/acre6 Untreated ‐‐ ‐‐7 Grandevo Chromobacterium subtsugae 3 lb/acre8 Veratran D Lo Sabadilla Alkaloids 8 lb/acre9 Cimexa Lo Amorphous Silica Gel 5 lb/acre Tank Mix

PolyTaxi Soap (adjuvant) 26 fl/100 gal water

Trial 2: Adult Captures by Week

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Week 3a a

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Week 4

Trial 2: Findings

• New products found to be effective for control of SWD in organic systems– Veratran D, Grandevo*

• Cimexa effect on SWD was similar to control

• Entrust did not show same level of control asin the past

Conclusions

• New compounds– Grandevo, Oxidate, Veratran D, and Azera

• Venerate XC was ineffective

• Cimexa effect on SWD was similar to control

• Entrust did not show same level of control as inthe past

CALIFORNIA FIG ADVISORY BOARD ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS AF36 SECTION 18 EMERGENCY EXEMPTION -

FOR USE ON DRIED FIGS TO REDUCE AFLATOXIN

Fire Blight, a Devastating Agricultural Disease

Spreads quickly in warm and wet weather

Fireblight/Organic AppleTreatment Percent Control 

Yoder Johnson Sundin PeterFireWall 76.3 2.7 ‐‐ 47Fire Quencher ‐4.7 7.9 9.6 ‐1

Blossom Protect + Buffer Protect  36.4 5 5.2 15Cueva 2 qt 58.7 5.8 19.4 2Bloomtime 9.6 7.4 27.3 ‐8Blossom Protect + Buffer Protect + Fire Quencher 36.5 2.5 18.5 25

Green=Same antibiotic Yellow >Control Red= Same as Control

Fireblight/Organic Apple

Green=Same antibiotic Yellow >Control Red= Same as Control

Treatment Percent Control 

Yoder Johnson Sundin Peter

Fire Quencher + Cueva or Previsto 18 ‐‐ 17.1 5

Fire Quencher + Bloomtime 1.2 6.8 23.4 2

Serenade Opti + Cueva or Previsto 45.2 2.1 15.1 ‐4

Cueva 3 qt 16.7 6.2 ‐‐ ‐‐

Previsto 3 qt. ‐‐ 3.4 ‐‐ ‐‐

Diamondback mothTreated Male moths are released to mate with female and pass on a ‘self-limiting’ gene that prevents the female offspring from reaching adulthood. This reduces the number of reproductive females and the pest population in the release area shrinks..

IR-4 funding Tony Shelton

Oxford University

Oxitec UK

Intrexon USA

Pre‐ registration meetingCrown Gall Resistant Transgenic ‘Paradox’ Walnut Rootstocks Line

• Complete suppression • of tumor formation • Rootstock is transgenic

(GMO)• Any conventional scion

variety (Chandler)

Transgenic Paradox Wild Type Paradox

Plant Science Department Dr Dandekar

Weed density in Walnut

Tran

sfor

med

Non

-tran

sfor

med

Brad Hanson UCDavis

Efficacy and product safety of biopesticides for varroa mite management of honey bees

Elina L. Niño UC Davis

• Three biopesticides (two dosages of one) being tested in 2015– Positive control (Apiguard)Thymol– HopGuard II– TPS‐1001 (low and high dose)– Untreated control 

Hive Strength Check andAlcohol Wash for Varroa

Mite Counts 

Average Colony Strength

NS

Total adu

lt be

e score

ANOVA on total adult bee score square root transformed

A

C

ABBC

AB

Average Percent Mite Infestation

NS

ANOVA on Percentages arcsine square root transformed

A

B BBC

C

A

AB

B

ABAB

Average % m

ite infestation

Mite Infestations of Adult Bees

D a y s A fte r T re a tm e n ts

D a y 0 D a y 1 4 D a y 2 8 D a y 4 2

Prec

ent o

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s on

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ees

0

1

2

3

4

5

C o n tro l T P S -1 T P S -2 H O P A p ig u a rd

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b

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Lambert Kanga- Florida State University

Wolbachia‐Steve Dobson‐ University of Kentucky• Cytoplasmic Incompatibility (CI): (mosquitoes)

Tomato Bacterial Canker IR‐4 Biorational Product Evaluation

The Ohio State UniversitySally Miller and Jhony Mera

TreatmentsNon‐treated, Non‐inoculated

Non‐treated, inoculated

Actigard 50WG 0.25 oz/100 gal (drench) fb K‐Phite 3 qt/A (foliar)

Cease 6 qt/A + MilStop 2 lb/A (foliar)

Double Nickel LC 2 qt/A (drench) fb Double Nickel LC 1 qt/A (foliar)

TerraClean 12.8 fl oz/100 gal/A (drench) fb AgriPhage 1.0‐2.0 Pint/50 gal/A (foliar) 

Oxidate 2.0 1.0 gal/100 gal (foliar)

Oxidate 2.0 1.0 gal/100 gal (2 apps post inoculation) fb AgriPhage 1.0‐2.0 Pint/50 gal/A (foliar)Actigard 50WG 0.25 oz/100 gal (drench) fb K‐Phite 3qt/A + AgriPhage 1.0‐2.0 Pint/50 gal/A (foliar)K‐Phite 3 qt/A + AgriPhage 1.0‐2.0 Pint/50 gal/A (foliar)

Cueva 2.0 qt/A (foliar)

Manzate ProStik 75DF 2.0 lbs/A (every 7 days) + Actigard (1,2) 0.33 oz/A (3,4 ) 0.5 oz/A (5,6,7) 0.75 oz/A [every 14 days]

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

% Bacteria

l Can

ker

fde

def defbcd

cde

bc bbc b

a

b

d = drench; f = foliar P = 0.0001

‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

Better that inoculated control

Same as control

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Bacterial Can

ker A

UDPC

ihi

ghi fghefg cde

cde bcd bcab

a

def

‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

P = 0.0001d = drench; f = foliar

Non‐inoculated Inoculated control

Actigard (d) + K‐Phite (f) Manzate/Actigard

Efficacy of Products to Manage Bacterial Canker Secondary Spread

Materials and Methods• 6 plant plots stake and weave 

system; roma‐type tomato• Interplanted 2 heavily inoculated 

plants with Clavibactermichiganensis subspmichiganensisusing 3 strains

Trial Progress and Main Issue:• Plants established well• Plots are in excellent shape 

production‐wise• Bacterial canker symptoms are 

progressing

• Xanthomonas (Bacterial spot and the number one issue in the Mt production region) is also present 

Early plant stand

Mid‐September plant growth

FRANK LOUWS

Efficacy of Products to Manage Bacterial Canker Secondary Spread

CMM is just beginning to spread; 3‐4 weeks more to go

NOTE: Most recent rating (9‐18‐2015)Percent defoliationNon‐transformed dataSomewhat difficult to rate CMM 

vs. Spot

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Cm

m S

ever

ity R

atin

g

D

CDCD

BC BC BC BC BC BCBC

AB

A

‐CMM = Not inoculated)

Inoculated plants showing symptoms; test plants starting to show CMM symptoms

Clavibacter/Tomato

• Several treatments superior toManzate Prostick standard

• Across 2 trials OH, NCActiguard+KPhite or Cueva superior to Manzate

Silverleaf whitefly, Bemisiatabaci biotype BIn GH Tomato- Hugh Smith University of Florida

Life cycle ~ ● about 3 wks from egg to adult.● adults can live up to 2 wks.● est. 5 wks btwn generations.

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus –transmitted by silverleaf whitefly

0

50

100

150

200

250

IR4 Biopesticide Study: Control of Whiteflies on GH TomatoTotal nymphs after third weekly spray

Sivanto was sprayed week 1 and week 3

F 10, 30 =3.35, P = 0.005

A

__________________AB_______________

___B___

Nym

phs

/ 10

leaf

lets

Potential follow-up research.

Sivanto followed by a rotation of M-Pede and a fungal pathogen

Celebrating 50 Years!

1993

2003

2014

IR-4 BiopesticideGrantProgram 1995

Demonstration Grant Program Co-funded by EPA 2004-2008

Priority Based Grant Program 2014

Future of the BiopesticideEfficacy Grant Program in 2016 and Beyond- Jerry Baron