the introduction 1 (week 2.1 ssh)
TRANSCRIPT
Goals for the week
• Understand the structure of argumentativeessays;
• Develop a greater awareness of academicstylistic conventions (e.g. grammar, in-textcitation);
• Develop essential tools to help you with yourfirst essay assignment (due Sunday).
Today’s agenda
• Consideration of overall importance of theIntroduction section;
• Analysis of rhetorical moves typical ofIntroductions;
• Go over homework.
Discuss: Who can an academic writer be compared to?
• Politician?
• Salesperson?
• Teacher?
• Firefighter?
• Doctor?
• Lecturer?
• Architect?
• Other?
A “problem-solution” approach
From your quiz last week:
• Arguably the most important section in an essay.
Briefly discuss the Miller and Parker article:
• Who is the article intended for?
• Did you like the article?
• Did you understand the “moves” (“establish territory” etc.)?
“C.A.R.S.” (John Swales)
“C.A.R.S.” (John Swales)
YOUR (HIDDEN) “POSITION”
Miller & Parker paper:Where’s the “gap”?• Hint: Where could you insert the word “however”?
12
3
4
5
6
Where’s the “gap”?• Hint: Where could you insert the word “however”?
3
Territory, Niche, and Occupation of Niche
High or low score?
Key words about academic writing
• ENGAGEMENT
• CRITICALITY
• POSITION
• PROBLEMATIZE
• ARGUMENT
• SUPPORT
“problematizing”
• Sunny days• Pizza• Kittens• Losing weight• Earning more money• Having a baby• World peace• Brushing your teeth• Carnaval
Lack of problematizing
• Sunny days are excellent occasions. Who doesn’t like a sunny day? On sunny days one can see people in the park, and generally seeming like they are in a good mood. Of course, the sun can also be bad for your skin, and even cause serious diseases, but overall sunshine is a positive element to be looked forward to.
SUNNY DAYS “PROBLEMATIZED”
SUNNY DAYS “PROBLEMATIZED”
+ -•People enjoy them
•Can put you in a good mood
•Make people want to go out and enjoy
themselves
•Can make your skin age faster
•Can cause skin cancer
•People have shorter tempers on hot days
“problematizing”• Sunny days
There is a general consensus that people enjoy sunnydays. After all, sunny days have been known to positivelyaffect people’s moods, and to be conducive to outdooractivity. However, while it is true that sunny days carry apositive association, it can be argued that not everyonebenefits equally from sunshine. For example, it has beenwell established that the sun can also damage one’s skin,and contribute to premature ageing and skin cancer. Thereis also growing evidence that violent crimes tend toincrease on sunny days. Following a careful analysis ofsome of the most harmful and beneficial effects of sunnydays, this essay will suggest that while sunny days shouldstill be thought of as a positive and welcome occurrence inour lives, there are important caveats to heed.
“problematizing”: YOU try! (Choose 1.)
• Sunny days• Pizza• Kittens• Losing weight• Earning more money• Having a baby• World peace• Brushing your teeth• Carnaval
AM TURMA HOMEWORK for Wednesday (11/3/15)
• Online: Do Ex. 1 (“Where’s the niche?”) –Download, print, bring to class (DPBTC)
• Online: Do Ex. 2 (“Analysis of essay introductions) – DPBTC
• Online: Do Ex. 3 (“The grammar ofintroductions”) – DPBTC
• Online: Do Ex. 4 (“To cite or not to cite”) – DPBTC• “Problematize” (Choose 1 topic to problematize,
develop a first draft Introduction paragraph) –Email to yourself (and/or bring to class)
Academic?
Online:
Discuss: Where’s the gap (“niche”)?
“C.A.R.S.” (John Swales)
YOUR (HIDDEN) “POSITION”
HIDDEN “POSITION”
Review of “territory” and “niche” (“moves”)
• Compare your homework (with the 3 essayintroductions) with a classmate’s. Do youhave the same answers?
AM TURMA HOMEWORK for Wednesday (11/3/15)
• Online: Do Ex. 1 (“Where’s the niche?”) –Download, print, bring to class (DPBTC)
• Online: Do Ex. 2 (“Analysis of essay introductions) – DPBTC
• Online: Do Ex. 3 (“The grammar ofintroductions”) – DPBTC
• Online: Do Ex. 4 (“To cite or not to cite”) – DPBTC• “Problematize” (Choose 1 topic to problematize,
develop a first draft Introduction paragraph) –Email to yourself (and/or bring to class)
“problematizing”
• Sunny days• Pizza• Kittens• Losing weight• Earning more money• Having a baby• World peace• Brushing you teeth• Carnaval
Review of “moves”
• Compare your homework (with the threeintroductions) with a classmate’s. Do youhave the same answers?
• Now show your introduction (from the“problematizing” exercise) to your partner –can (s)he find Move 1, Move 2, and Move 3?
The Grammar of Introductions
Discuss the homework:
• Which two forms (e.g., present continuous, past simple, present perfect, etc.) tend to predominate in the Introduction section?
• Why do you think those forms tend to be mostcommon?
The Grammar of Introductions
Discuss the homework:
• Which two forms (e.g., present continuous, past simple, present perfect, etc.) tend to predominate in the Introduction section?
• Why do you think those forms tend to be mostcommon?
Reminder:
• At the end of class, you can (and probablyshould) email completed worksheets to yourselves for your own records.
BODY OF
WORK,TIME
SPAN & TREND
Focus on grammar
There is a general consensus that people enjoy sunnydays. After all, sunny days have been known to positivelyaffect people’s moods, and to be conducive to outdooractivity. However, while it is true that sunny days carry apositive association, it can be argued that not everyonebenefits equally from sunshine. For example, it has beenwell established that the sun can also damage one’s skin,and contribute to premature ageing and skin cancer. Thereis also growing evidence that violent crimes tend toincrease on sunny days. Following a careful analysis ofsome of the most harmful and beneficial effects of sunnydays, this essay will suggest that while sunny days shouldstill be thought of as a positive and welcome occurrence inour lives, there are important caveats to heed.
The Grammar of Introductions
Discuss the homework:
• Which two forms (e.g., present continuous, past simple, present perfect, etc.) tend to predominate in the Introduction section?
• Why do you think those forms tend to be mostcommon?
• Now look at the “Introduction” you wrote for today’s class: Is the grammar OK?
What’s missing?
There is a general consensus that people enjoy sunnydays. After all, sunny days have been known to positivelyaffect people’s moods, and to be conducive to outdooractivity. However, while it is true that sunny days carry apositive association, it can be argued that not everyonebenefits equally from sunshine. For example, it has beenwell established that the sun can also damage one’s skin,and contribute to premature ageing and skin cancer. Thereis also growing evidence that violent crimes tend toincrease on sunny days. Following a careful analysis ofsome of the most harmful and beneficial effects of sunnydays, this essay will suggest that while sunny days shouldstill be thought of as a positive and welcome occurrence inour lives, there are important caveats to heed.
To cite or not to cite… (homework)
To cite or not to cite (homework)
• Why do people cite sources in academicwriting?
• Were you surprised/confused at any of thecitations in the homework?
• Sometimes authors cite more than one source for the same statement – why does thishappen?
“posse gathering”
Where would you cite?
There is a general consensus that people enjoy sunnydays. After all, sunny days have been known to positivelyaffect people’s moods, and to be conducive to outdooractivity. However, while it is true that sunny days carry apositive association, it can be argued that not everyonebenefits equally from sunshine. For example, it has beenwell established that the sun can also damage one’s skin,and contribute to premature ageing and skin cancer. Thereis also growing evidence that violent crimes tend toincrease on sunny days. Following a careful analysis ofsome of the most harmful and beneficial effects of sunnydays, this essay will suggest that while sunny days shouldstill be thought of as a positive and welcome occurrence inour lives, there are important caveats to heed.
Prof. Ron’s suggestions:
There is a general consensus that people enjoy sunny days(Burns, 2001; Rays, 2011). After all, sunny days have been known topositively affect people’s moods (Prozac, 1999), and to be conduciveto outdoor activity (Jetski, 2009). However, while it is true thatsunny days carry a positive association, it can be argued that noteveryone benefits equally from sunshine. For example, it has beenwell established that the sun can also damage one’s skin, andcontribute to premature ageing and skin cancer (Nivea, 1987;Sundown, 2014). There is also growing evidence that violent crimestend to increase on sunny days (Shortfuse, 2002). Following acareful analysis of some of the most harmful and beneficial effectsof sunny days, this essay will suggest that while sunny days shouldstill be thought of as a positive and welcome occurrence in our lives,there are important caveats to heed.
Now you try!
1. Read your “problematized” paragraph again, and this time insert an arrow where you think a citation should go. (Insert 2 or more arrows ifyou think it is relevant.)
2. Show your citation points to a classmate – does (s)he agree?
3. If time: try to think of names of “authors” for your citations. (Remember: the focus now is onwhen and why to cite, not “who” to cite... yet.)
WEEKEND HOMEWORK
By Sunday
1. Write (or paste) your essay (also see “Rubric” online) using the “Essay Submission Form” (online), and send it to me using the Essay 1 Assignment Form online.
www.lextutor.ca
Don’t worry if you forget!!!
By Sunday
1. Write (or paste) your essay (also see “Rubric” online) using the “Essay Submission Form” (online), and send it to me using the Essay 1 Assignment Form online.
2. Online: Read Thompson (2001) + complete “Reading Engagement Log” (online) for thatarticle, and send to me via online AssignmentForm.
For example...
Why do we have to do this???
Key words about academic writing
• ENGAGEMENT
• CRITICALITY
• POSITION
• PROBLEMATIZE
• ARGUMENT
• SUPPORT
“engagement”
• Critical engagement
• Involves “power”
• Involves “dialogue”
• Key to developing a “position”
• Key to developing academic literacy (including vocabulary)
Schmitt (2010, p. 28)
Lexical Priming (Hoey, 2005)
“As a word is acquired through encounters with it in speech and writing, it becomes cumulatively loaded with the contexts and co-texts in which it is encountered, and our knowledge of it includes the fact that it co-occurs with other words in certain kinds of context.” (p. 8)
Example of dialogic engagement
A real example of engagement
Most common result:
What most researchers hope for:
A real example of engagement
Summary for Week 2
• A good Introduction is extremely important, and worth polishing as muchas possible;
• There are typical “moves” that readers expect to find in academicIntroductions;
• The “niche” (or gap) is often reflective of the author’s “position”;• It is important to “problematize”; sell your position, but not make a sales
pitch!• The present perfect and present simple are the two most common
grammatical forms in the Introduction section, in large part because theyhelp convey relevance to the “now”;
• Citing sources is not (only) about avoiding plagiarism, but is instead a wayof establishing authority. (At this stage knowing why and when to cite is even more important than know who to cite.)
• Good academic writers know how to (indirectly) dialogue with theirreader; dialogism, and engagement in general is a fundamental part ofacademic literacy.
By Sunday
1. Write (or paste) your essay (also see “Rubric” online) using the “Essay Submission Form” (online), and send it to me using the Essay 1 Assignment Form online.
2. Online: Read Thompson (2001) + complete “Reading Engagement Log” (online) for thatarticle, and send to me via online AssignmentForm.
Now you try…
1. Open “Writing for the reader” article
2. Open “Reading Engagement Log”
3. Don’t write yet!
4. With a partner, identify where the authors establish territory, niche, and where they occupy niche.
5. With a partner, discuss the answers to question 4 (“analysis”).
6. (If time remains) Start filling in the form.