the internet and the world wide web.pptx

Computers Are Your Future Twelfth Edition

Computers Are Your FutureTwelfth EditionChapter 6: The Internet and the World Wide Web

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

1*07/16/96*##Objectives Define the Internet, and explain how it works.Describe methods for accessing the Internet.Differentiate between the Internet and the World Wide Web, and describe the elements that enable Web content to be displayed.Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall2*07/16/96*##Objectives Describe several methods of finding information on the Web including the use of a URL, surfing, conducting searches, and sharing with other Web users through RSS feeds, blogs, wikis, and podcasts.Identify features to look for when evaluating a Web site or its content.

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall3*07/16/96*##Objectives List the most popular Internet services, and explain what they do.Describe the three types of e-commerce.List the rules of netiquette.List safe surfing procedures, and identify hazards of the Web. Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall4*07/16/96*##What Is the Internet and How Does It Work?InternetGlobal system of computers of thousands of privately and publicly owned computers and networksAlso known as the NetStarted in the 1960sU.S. Department of Defense projectARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network)Purpose was to Create a form of secure communication for military and scientific purposesCreate a method for transferring such communication between computersCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall5*07/16/96*##What Is the Internet and How Does It Work?Internetcomposed of more than 750 million hostsHostcomputer that has two-way access to other computers:Receives requests Replies to those requestsCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall6

*07/16/96*##Volunteers maintain the Internet networks.Private and public groups provide the equipment.Network service providers (NSPs)Maintain the Internet backbonethe main high-speed routes

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall7What Is the Internet and How Does It Work?*07/16/96*##What Is the Internet and How Does It Work?

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall8*07/16/96*##What Is the Internet and How Does It Work?Network access points (NAPs)How NSPs are linkedNAPs allow data to start on one network then cross over to another networkRoutersSpecialized devices that connect networks, locate the best path of transmission, and ensure that data reaches its destination

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall9*07/16/96*##InteroperabilityAbility to work with different brands and models of computers Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)Provides methods for packaging and transmitting informationCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall10What Is the Internet and How Does It Work?*07/16/96*##What Is the Internet and How Does It Work?Transmission Control ProtocolManages assembling of a message or file into smaller packets Packets are transmitted over InternetTCP layer on the destination computer reassembles the packets into the original messageInternet ProtocolHandles the address part of each packet so that it gets to the right destinationCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall11*07/16/96*##What is the Internet and How Does It Work?

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall12*07/16/96*##Accessing the Internet: Going OnlineInternet service providers (ISPs)Supply and sustain user connections to the InternetMaintain the hardware and softwareProtect their sites and networks from outside threatsOnline service provider (OSP)A for-profit firm that provides a proprietary networkOffers special services only available to subscribersExamples: MSN and AOL

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall13*07/16/96*##Accessing the Internet: Going OnlineWireless Internet service providerCompany that provides wireless Internet accessExamples: AT&T, T-Mobile, and Verizon WirelessHot spotPublic location that provides Internet access for wireless devicesExamples: airport, college campus, or coffee shop

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall14*07/16/96*##Accessing the Internet: Going OnlineMethods to access the InternetDial-up accessuses modem and telephone lineDigital subscriber line (DSL)high-speed online connectionexternal modem with telephone linesCable accesshigh-speed Internet connectioncable modem not a phone lineSatellitehigh-speed Internet service with antenna and dish connected to indoor receive unit (IRU) and indoor transmit unit (IRU)Fiber-optic servicehigh-speed Internetfiber-optic lines directCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall15*07/16/96*##Accessing the Internet: Going OnlineCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall16

*07/16/96*##The Internet and the Web: Whats the Difference?World Wide Web (also known as the Web or WWW)Contains billions of documentsPart of the InternetUses the Internet to transport informationSeparate entity from the InternetNo one owns the WebStandards and guidelines for the Web are published by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall17*07/16/96*##The Internet and the Web: Whats the Difference?Web contains the information. Internet transports information to and from users.

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall18*07/16/96*##The Internet and the Web: Whats the Difference?Web pageDocument that may include text, graphics, sound, animation, and videoWeb browserProgram that displays Web pages and linked itemsWeb siteCollection of Web pagesTypically contains a home page (also called an index page)default page displayed when you enter a site

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall19Click to add notes*07/16/96*##The Internet and the Web: Whats the Difference?HypertextUses links to connect to additional related informationHyperlinks or linksWords and images that bring other documents into view when clickedHypertext Markup Language (HTML)Uses tags to specify how a Web page should displayExtensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML)HTML combined with Extensible Markup Language (XML) to reduce the complexity of HTML

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall20Click to add notes*07/16/96*##The Internet and the Web: Whats the Difference?Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall21

*07/16/96*##The Internet and the Web: Whats the Difference?Distributed hypermedia systemNetwork-based content development systemUses multimedia resources as a means to of navigation or illustrationWeb 2.0Current generation of the WebProvides opportunities to collaborate, interface, and create new content using blogs, Wikis, and podcastsSome issues with Web distribution include:Dead links (also known as broken links)Information posted on the Web is not validated.Information overload due to too much dataCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall22*07/16/96*##The Internet and the Web: Whats the Difference?The most popular Web browsersCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall23

*07/16/96*##The Internet and the Web: Whats the Difference?Plug-insAdditional software programs to extend the ability of the browserExamples:Acrobat ReaderAdobe Flash PlayerAdobe Shockwave PlayerApple QuickTimeReal PlayerWindows Media PlayerBrowser cacheStores Web page files and graphics on a computer hard drive when the user visits a site for the first timeCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall24*07/16/96*##The Internet and the Web: Whats the Difference?

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall25*07/16/96*##The Internet and the Web: Whats the Difference?Web serversWeb sites and their associated information are stored hereUsed to recognize information requests, process the requests, and send the requested documentsCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall26*07/16/96*##Finding Informationon the WebInternet Protocol (IP) addressEvery device connected to the Internet, including PCs and servers, is given a unique network identifierNumerical identification and logical addressUniform Resource Locator (URL)Identifies Internet resources type and locationCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall27*07/16/96*##Finding Informationon the WebComplete URL is made up of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), domain name, path, and resource name.

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall28*07/16/96*##Finding Informationon the WebSurfing the WebType a URL into the address barClick a tab in the browser windowClick a hyperlinkHistory listCompiles a list of the Web pages visitedFavorites or Bookmarks featureAllows Web pages visited often to be marked

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall29*07/16/96*##Finding Informationon the WebCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall30

*07/16/96*##Finding Informationon the WebDownloadingProcess of transferring a file or document from one computer to users computerUploadingProcess of transferring a file or document from users computer to another computerCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall31Click to add notes*07/16/96*##Finding Informationon the WebCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall32Really Simple Syndication (RSS)Connection to a Web site that allows users to receive constant updatesAggregatorRegularly checks each site on your subscriptions list and sends alerts if new information has been published

*07/16/96*##Finding Informationon the WebCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall33Wiki (short for the Hawaiian word for fast)Simple Web page where any visitor can post text or images, change posted information, and track earlier changesBlog (short for Weblog)Internet equivalent of a journal or diary where bloggers post opinions, thoughts, and interesting links*07/16/96*##Finding Informationon the WebCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall34PodcastsAudio, image, or video files released by Web syndicationPodcatchersAutomatically identify and retrieve new files in a given series and make them availableExamples: iTunes or Winamp*07/16/96*##Finding Information on the WebSubject guideWeb pages grouped under specific headingsoffered by some search sitesPortalWeb page that acts as a gateway to diverse sources and presents them in an organized wayClickstreamTrail of Web links followed to arrive at a particular site


*07/16/96*##Finding Information on the WebSearch enginesIndex databases of Web pages to enable fast information searchesSpidersPrograms that roam the Web to add new Web pages to search engine indexesLink rotResults from hyperlinks that no longer work or Web pages that have been removed or restructured


*07/16/96*##Finding Information on the WebSpecialized search enginesIndex information, such as job advertisements, and names and addressesCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall39

*07/16/96*##Finding Information on the WebSearch operatorsPerform complex searchesWildcard symbols (also called truncation symbols)Replace the zero or additional characters in search words to improve search accuracyExamples: ? and *Phrase searchingPlace quotation marks around a phrase to create a complete unit for search purposesThe resultsearch engines retrieve only those sites that contain the exact phraseCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall40Click to add notes*07/16/96*##Finding Information on the WebInclusion operatorsUsed so only Web pages including those criteria are retrievedExample: plus sign (+) Exclusion operatorsUsed so only Web pages excluding those criteria are retrievedExample: minus sign (-) Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall41Click to add notes*07/16/96*##Finding Information on the WebBoolean searchesLink search words by using logical operators such as AND, OR, and NOTUsing the AND, OR, and NOT logical operators provides additional criteria for a search engine to use when retrieving documentsNestingA Boolean search operator that uses parenthesesThe search engine evaluates the expression from left to right, and searches for content in the parentheses first

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall42Click to add notes*07/16/96*##Using Information from the WebEvaluate information obtained from the Web:Who is author?Does the author reference sources?Who is the Web page affiliated with? Who pays for it?Is the language objective/dispassionate or strident/argumentative?What is the purpose of the page?Does the information appear to be accurate?Is the page current?Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall43Click to add notes*07/16/96*##Using Information from the WebUse Web information for schoolwork. Access authoritative online sources.Locate published works.Provide appropriate online and offline reference citations in your work.Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall44Click to add notes*07/16/96*##Exploring InternetServicesCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall45Internet serviceSet of standards or protocols that identify how computers communicate through the Internet

*07/16/96*##Exploring InternetServicesElectronic mail (e-mail)Type of application software that makes sending and receiving messages through computer networks possibleE-mail attachmentComputer file included with an e-mail messageCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall46Click to add notes*07/16/96*##Exploring InternetServicesE-mail addressUnique cyberspace address for each individualConsists of a user name, the name of the hosting e-mail service, and the top-level domainSpamUnsolicited e-mails, usually from advertisersDo not open spam

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall47*07/16/96*##Exploring InternetServicesMalwareMalicious software that places a computer in the spammers controlSpywareGathers data from a system without knowledgeBotnetSet of infected computers that places computers under the control of a bot herderCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall48Click to add notes*07/16/96*##Exploring InternetServices.Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall49

*07/16/96*##Exploring InternetServicesInstant messaging (IM) systemsAllow immediate, real-time communication with contactsRequires additional softwareNotifies users when a contact is connected to the InternetSpimmingspam for instant messaging

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall50*07/16/96*##Exploring InternetServicesCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall51

*07/16/96*##Exploring InternetServicesInternet relay chat (IRC)Special type of Internet service that gives users the ability to join chat groups called channelsSocial networkingHelps people connectSites such as MySpace provide the ability to create large communities online.Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall52Click to add notes*07/16/96*##Exploring InternetServicesUsenetWorldwide discussion system available through the InternetMade up of many newsgroupsdiscussion groups dedicated to one topicDiscussions within newsgroups are in threadsgroupings of commentaries on a particular subjectStandard newsgroupsof high-quality discussionsAlt newsgroupscreated by anyone Biz newsgroupsdevoted to commercial use

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall53Click to add notes*07/16/96*##Exploring InternetServicesMessage boardSimilar to a newsgroupEasier to useDoes not require a newsreader

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall54Click to add notes*07/16/96*##Exploring InternetServicesElectronic mailing listsSimilar to newsgroups and forums, except that:Only subscribers can receive and view messages.Messages posted to the mailing list are automatically sent to everyone on the list.Majordomo is a common freeware electronic mailing list manager.Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall55Click to add notes*07/16/96*##Exploring InternetServicesVoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)Users can speak to others over a broadband Internet connection instead of an analog phone lineRequires a broadband Internet connectionA VoIP service provider such as SkypeA VoIP adapter or computer with supporting softwareCalls are usually free to others using the same service.Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall56*07/16/96*##Exploring InternetServicesFile Transfer Protocol (FTP)Method to transfer files over the InternetUse when files are too large to attach to e-mailsUsually requires a user name and a passwordUse to upload Web pagesAnonymous FTPFiles are available publicly available for downloadingLack of securityDo not send sensitive material

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall57*07/16/96*##E-CommerceE-commerceConducting business through the use of networks or the InternetE-tailers (Web-based retailers)Online merchantsBusiness-to-business (B2B) e-commerceRefers to a business providing supplies to other businesses via the InternetCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall58Click to add notes*07/16/96*##E-CommerceConsumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerceRefers to the exchange of business between individualsExample: eBayBusiness-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerceRefers to shopping online rather than at a physical storeCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall59Click to add notes*07/16/96*##E-CommerceOnline shoppingShop for good dealsUse shopping portals to compare prices and productsExample: PriceGrabber.com Look for coupons and rebates

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall60Click to add notes*07/16/96*##E-CommerceThe dot.com phenomenonE-commerce primarily uses Web sites with a .com suffix.Period between 1995 and 2000 called the dot-com boom.Many dot-coms crashed in 2000.Amazon.com is a profitable company.Drawbacks to B2C e-commerceBuyers miss speaking with real sales clerks.Buyers cannot touch merchandise before purchase.Buyers have to wait for delivery of merchandise.Online e-commerce solutions to drawbacksOnline chats with live customer service representativesProvide a wide variety of shipping optionsProvide good customer service by responding quickly to customer inquiriesCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall61Click to add notes*07/16/96*##E-CommerceCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall62

*07/16/96*##E-CommerceBuilding your own business

Only needs a low capital investmentRequires an ISP, a Web site, and the ability to ship purchases

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall63

*07/16/96*##E-CommerceOther growth areasTravel reservationsBankingOnline stock tradingNonretail services, such as health, news, and dating services

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall64Click to add notes*07/16/96*##Rules of NetiquetteNetiquetteSeries of guidelines for good manners when using an Internet serviceFlamesAngry messages sent by other usersCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall65Click to add notes*07/16/96*##Safe SurfingGuidelines for safe surfingNever give out identifying information.Never respond to suggestive messages.Never open e-mail from an unknown source.Never allow a child to make arrangements for a face-to-face meeting alone.Remember individuals online may not be who they claim to be.Set reasonable rules and guidelines for computer use by children.Make using the computer a family activity.Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall66Click to add notes*07/16/96*##Safe SurfingAdditional online hazards to avoid:MalwareIdentity theftThreats to you and your familyUnscrupulous vendorsCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall67*07/16/96*##Safe SurfingProtecting your identityAvoid shoulder-surfers, people who stand close enough to see PIN numbersLook for secure Web site features before entering information.https:// in the address instead of http://Site seal provided by a security vendor such as VeriSignLocked padlock symbol on the Web sitebe sure it is not a fake imageLogo from other site-security entities, such as Verified by VisaMessage box that identifies you are entering or leaving a secure site

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall68*07/16/96*##Safe SurfingProtecting children in cyberspaceCyberbullyingWhen a child is targeted for some form of torment or abuse through digital toolsCyberstalkersUse e-mail, instant messaging, chat rooms, pagers, cell phones, and other forms of information technology to make repeated, credible threats of violence against an individual or familyCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall69*07/16/96*##SummaryDefine the Internet, and explain how it works.Describe methods for accessing the Internet.Differentiate between the Internet and the World Wide Web, and describe the elements that enable Web content to be displayed.Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall70*07/16/96*##SummaryDescribe several methods of finding information on the Web including the use of a URL, surfing, conducting searches, and sharing with other Web users through RSS feeds, blogs, wikis, and podcasts.Identify features to look for when evaluating a Web site or its content.

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall71*07/16/96*##SummaryList the most popular Internet services, and explain what they do.Describe the three types of e-commerce.List the rules of netiquette.List safe surfing procedures, and identify hazards of the Web. Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall72*07/16/96*##

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall73

the internet and the world wide web.pptx

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