the international treaty on plant genetic resources … · the past, present and future...
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www.fao.org/plant-treaty
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
THE INTERNATIONAL TREATYON PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES FOR
FOOD & AGRICULTURE
About FAO
FAO's mandate• Achieving food security for all • Making sure people have regular access to enough high-
quality food to lead active, healthy lives. • Raising levels of nutrition, improve agricultural
productivity, better the lives of rural populations and contribute to the growth of the world economy.
Detailed information about FAO is available from: http://www.fao.org/about/en/
Centre for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands
What FAO is doing
FAO’s Strategic Objectives are:1. Help eliminate hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition2. Make agriculture, forestry and fisheries more productive and sustainable3. Reduce rural poverty4. Enable inclusive and efficient agricultural and food systems5. Increase the resilience of livelihoods to threats and crises
Centre for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands
Biodiversity for food security and nutrition
Maintaining biodiversity for food and agriculture is a global responsibility. As countries seek to diversify and adapt their agricultural and food-production systems, the exchange of genetic resources and the interdependence of countries increases. With climate change, the conservation and sustainable use of genetic diversity has become more critical than ever.
Centre for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands
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Why biodiversity is important?• Genetic Resources have direct bearing on a range of
concrete areas, including food security, health, sustainable development, innovation and livelihoods;- All countries are interdependent with regard to GRFA. - Over 1 billion people suffer from chronic hunger and
malnutrition.- The world population will increase to over 9 billion by 2050. - Agricultural production must increase by 70%.- 70% of the increase in production is expected to come from
increased yields = GR- Plant genetic resources are essential for this yield and future
food security and sustainable development;- Fundamental to adapting to new climactic realities;
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Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture Commons
• In the absence of active human management, most crop varieties would cease to exist.
• All countries are interdependent in their reliance on PGRFA.
• No region or country is self-sufficient.
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Teosinte
Maize
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What is the International Plant Treaty?The International Plant Treaty aims to ensure that the wealth of the world’s
food crop diversity is conserved, shared and used so that farmers can continue to grow crops to feed their families and the planet.
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• The conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture
• The fair and equitable sharing of benefits derived from their use, in harmony with the Convention on Biological Diversity, for sustainable agriculture and food security
W hat are the Treaty’s
objectives?
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• November 2001: Adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
• June 2004: Entered into Force with 40 Contracting Parties
• December 2019: 145 Contracting Parties (newest: USA)
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145 Contracting PartiesMongolia joined in December 2018
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Conservation and Sustainable Use of PGRFA
• Promoting use and conservation of ALL crops • Encouraging conservation, use and preservation
of local/traditional crops • Promoting management & conservation of
biologically diverse production systems• Broadening the genetic base of crops and
increasing the range of genetic diversity available to farmers
• Strengthening research to enhance, conserve and use biological diversity
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Farmers’ Rights• The idea of Farmers’ Rights related to
crop genetic resources emerged in the early 1980s
• To balance the rights of breeders and of farmers, ensuring rewards to farmers for their contribution to the global genetic pool, supporting farmers in conserving and sustainably using crop genetic resources and an international fund to facilitate the funding of such measures.
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Farmers’ Rights
• Farmers’ Rights mean rights arising from the past, present and future contributions of farmers in conserving, improving, and making available plant genetic resources, particularly those in the centres of origin/diversity.
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Farmers’ Rights• Farmers’ Rights are the rights of millions of
farmers throughout the world, particularly in developing countries whose agriculture is based on the cultivation of traditional varieties or varieties that farmers themselves preserve and improve.
• Types of benefits may include facilitated access to plant genetic resources for food and agriculture; the exchange of information; access to and transfer of technology; capacity-building; and the sharing of monetary and other benefits arising from commercialization of PGRFA.
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Farmers’ Rights• In addition to these measures, the
importance of the rights of farmers to save, use, exchange and sell farm-saved seed is affirmed in the preamble of the International Treaty.
• The realization of Farmers’ Rights falls under the responsibility of national governments, and the adoption of measures for the promotion of Farmers’ Rights therefore remains at the discretion of national authorities.
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Multilateral System of Access & Benefit-sharing
• Access to global genepool Covers 64 of the world’s most important food crops
and forages Easy access to over 2.3 million samples of plant
genetic resources Over 4.2 million accessions exchanged to date
• Benefit-sharing: monetary & non-monetary
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Multilateral System of ABS• 2,1 million accessions notified worldwide from
Parties and the IARCs of the CGIAR – 64 crops• 64,577 SMTAs/contracts for transfers reported• 4.36 million accessions transferred• 6,124 recipients in 179 countries • 1,794 users registered in EASY-SMTA• Major crops: wheat, rice, barley, maize, chickpea and
lentil • Useful data to monitor progress on the SDGs• Assistance to users on a daily basis
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Global Information System
• Connecting & integrating global information about PGRFA
• Providing access to vital information to help farmers, plant breeders, scientists & researchers
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Benefit-sharing Fund• The BSF Focuses on the three
priority areas
• Finances action to respond to food insecurity and the effects of climate change
• Helps to accelerate the conservation and use of plant genetic resources on a global scale
• 3 project cycles to date, with a fourth just started in 2018
• Supporting projects in over 60 developing countries
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Benefit-sharing Fund
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Priority 1: Information exchange, technology transfer and capacity-building
Over 22,000 researchers and local partners have been trained through the Treaty’s Benefit-sharing Fund projects.
• Projects support the training of a new generation of scientists and technical experts on plant genetic resources in the developing world.
• Activities increase capacity and expertise in the areas of germplasm collection, conservation, data management, plant breeding and in the use of new technologies.
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Priority 2: Managing and conserving plant genetic resources on farm
Supporting on-farm management and conservation of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture is the most direct way of reaching farmers, indigenous and local communities in developing countries to whom benefits should flow.
1,000,000 people have benefited from activities directly or indirectly, most of whom are small-holder farmers.
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Priority 3: The sustainable use of plant genetic resources
Diversification of crop production, genetic enhancement and broadening the genetic base of crops will directly contribute to increasing the sustainability of agricultural production. This will lessen dependence on external inputs, increase productivity, and respond to the challenge of climate change.
Benefit-sharing Fund projects have helped identify and disseminate drought tolerant rice in India, flood resistant rice in Indonesia and drought tolerant sorghum in Tanzania.
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Cooperation with the CBD and the Nagoya Protocol on ABS
In adopting the Nagoya Protocol, the Conference of Parties, inter alia, recognized:
• the International Treaty as one of the complementary instruments that constitute the International Regime;
• that the objectives of the International Treaty are the conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of their use, in harmony with the CBD, for sustainable agriculture and food security.
Decision X/1, Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from Their Utilization.
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The Treaty and the Nagoya Protocol
KWS in Dialogue | 10/2016 – Subscribing to Biodiversity
A wheat variety from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) is the result of 3,170 crossings involving 51 parental varieties from 26 countries.
www.fao.org/plant-treatyKWS in Dialogue | 10/2016 – Subscribing to Biodiversity
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GrazieMario MARINO
Secretariat of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
Centre for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands
CONFLICT AND THE CONSEQUENT FOOD CRISES LED TO W IDESPREAD DISPLACEMENT OF MORE THAN 15 MILLION PEOPLE
IN 2016
SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC 4.8MYEMEN 3.2MSOUTH SUDAN 3MNORTHEAST NIGERIA 2.1MSOMALIA 2.1M
Centre for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands
FAO 2018-19 Budget by Strategic/Functional Objective (USD thousands)
Strategic/Functional Objectives PWB 2018-19Contribute to the eradication of hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition
82.451
Make agriculture, forestry and fisheries more productive and sustainable
197.117
Reduce rural poverty 66.527
Enable more inclusive and efficient agricultural and food systems
105.879
Increase the resilience of livelihoods to threats and crises
105.399
Technical quality, statistics and cross cutting themes (climate change, gender, governance and nutrition)
140.788
Centre for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands
Analisi della Coldiretti del Gennaio 2017
• Quattro italiani su dieci (43,3%) ospitano nella propria casa un animale con una netta prevalenza di cani (60,8%) e gatti (49,3%)ma ci sono anche pesci e tartarughe (8,7%), uccelli (5,4%) fino agli animali esotici (2,1%) per una spesa superiore ai 2 miliardi solo per l'alimentazione.