The Integumentary SystemThe Integumentary System

SKIN

HAIR

NAILS

Medical TerminologyMedical Terminology

cutanecutane/o : skin/o : skin

cyan/o : bluecyan/o : blue

epiepi-- : over, upper: over, upper

erythroerythro-- : red: red

lip/o : fatlip/o : fat

melanmelan/o : black/o : black

subsub-- : under, below: under, below

Terminology PracticeTerminology Practice

liposuction

dermatitis

dermatoplasty

melanoma

cyanotic

subcutaneous

epigastric

erythrocyte

Skin DiagramSkin DiagramDraw and color a cross-section diagram of the Draw and color a cross-section diagram of the

skin. Label and briefly describe each of the skin. Label and briefly describe each of the following structures:following structures:

EpidermisEpidermis ArteryArteryDermisDermis VeinVeinSubcutaneous fasciaSubcutaneous fascia Hair follicleHair follicleSebaceous glandSebaceous gland Hair shaftHair shaftSudoriferous glandSudoriferous gland Arrector pili muscleArrector pili muscleNerveNerve PoresPores

Sebaceous (oil) glandSebaceous (oil) gland

HairHairPorePore

Sudoriferous Sudoriferous (sweat) gland(sweat) gland

NerveNerve

ArteryArtery

Hair follicleHair follicleVeinVein

Arrector pilli Arrector pilli musclemuscle

EpidermisEpidermis

DermisDermis

Sub-Sub-cutaneous cutaneous fasciafascia

Functions of the SkinFunctions of the Skin

1.1. ProtectionProtection

- From ultraviolet rays and pathogens- From ultraviolet rays and pathogens

- Holds moisture in- Holds moisture in

2.2. Sensory PerceptionSensory Perception

- Pain, pressure, temperature, and touch- Pain, pressure, temperature, and touch

3.3. Body Temperature RegulationBody Temperature Regulation

- Blood vessels dilate to release heat and - Blood vessels dilate to release heat and

constrict to conserve heatconstrict to conserve heat

- Cool body through evaporation of sweat- Cool body through evaporation of sweat

4.4. StorageStorage

- Fat, glucose, water, vitamins, and salts- Fat, glucose, water, vitamins, and salts

5.5. AbsorptionAbsorption

- Some medications- Some medications

6.6. ExcretionExcretion

- Salt, excess water, and some wastes - Salt, excess water, and some wastes eliminated through the sweateliminated through the sweat

7.7. ProductionProduction

- Produces Vitamin D- Produces Vitamin D

PigmentationPigmentation

• Melanin: a brownish-black pigment

• Carotene: a yellowish-red pigment

* The amounts of these two pigments determine a person’s skin color

Abnormal Colors of the SkinAbnormal Colors of the Skin• AlbinoAlbino : the absence : the absence

of pigmentationof pigmentation

• ErythemaErythema : reddish : reddish color of skincolor of skin

• JaundiceJaundice : yellow : yellow discoloration of skindiscoloration of skin

CyanosisCyanosis : a bluish discoloration of the skin : a bluish discoloration of the skin due to a lack of oxygendue to a lack of oxygen

Skin EruptionsSkin Eruptions

• MaculesMacules : flat spots : flat spots on the skinon the skin

• PapulesPapules : firm raised : firm raised areasareas

• VesiclesVesicles : fluid-filled : fluid-filled sacs or blisterssacs or blisters

• PustulesPustules : pus-filled : pus-filled sacssacs

• CrustsCrusts : areas of : areas of dried pus and blood dried pus and blood (scabs)(scabs)

• WhealsWheals : itchy, : itchy, elevated areas with an elevated areas with an irregular shapeirregular shape

• UlcerUlcer : a deep loss of : a deep loss of skin surfaceskin surface

Decubitus Ulcers(Bedsores)

• Open sores in the Open sores in the skin and underlying skin and underlying tissues due to tissues due to pressure over a bony pressure over a bony areaarea

• Cuts off the blood Cuts off the blood supply and the tissue supply and the tissue diesdies

DiseasesDiseases

Acne : an inflammation of the sebaceous glands

- Caused by a blockage of the hair follicles with dirt, cosmetics, excess oil, and/or bacteria

AlopeciaAlopecia : baldness; a : baldness; a permanent loss of hair permanent loss of hair on the scalpon the scalp

VerrucaeVerrucae : rough, hard, elevated, rounded surface : rough, hard, elevated, rounded surface forms on the skin - wartsforms on the skin - warts

- Caused by a viral infection of the skin- Caused by a viral infection of the skin

Skin CancersSkin Cancers : :

- Forms that are usually localized – don’t spread to - Forms that are usually localized – don’t spread to other areas of bodyother areas of body

Basal cell carcinomaBasal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinomaSquamous cell carcinoma

Skin CancersSkin Cancers- Form that CAN spread to other parts of the body Form that CAN spread to other parts of the body

and be fataland be fatal

Malignant MelanomaMalignant Melanoma

Signs of Malignant MelanomaSigns of Malignant Melanoma

AAsymmetrical in shapesymmetrical in shape

BBorders of lesion are scalloped or irregularorders of lesion are scalloped or irregular

CColors are varied – black, brown, white, redolors are varied – black, brown, white, red

DDiameter is larger than a pencil eraseriameter is larger than a pencil eraser