the integration of lid and urban design

The Integration of LID & Urban Design

Mark Lewis – Boffa Miskell Ltd

1. Principles for LID and Urban Design

2. Integrated Design Approaches

3. Methodologies -

“The Toolkit”

The Integration of LID & Urban Design ___________________________________


• Auckland Regional Council TP124

• MfE

Urban Design Protocol –

The Seven C’s

• Comparison of LID and Urban Design Principles



3. Methodologies -

“The Toolkit”

ARC TP124 –

LID Definition

Low Impact Design is a design approach for site

development that protects and incorporates

natural site features into erosion and sediment

control and stormwater management plans.

ARC -

TP124

1.

Achieve multiple objectives

2.

Integrate stormwater management and design early in the site planning process

3.

Prevent rather than mitigate

4.

Manage stormwater as close to the point of origin as possible

5.

Rely on natural processes within the soil mantle and the plant community

MfE

Urban Design Protocol

Urban Design is concerned with the design of the buildings, places, spaces and networks that make up our towns and cities, and the ways people use them. It ranges in scale from a metropolitan region, city or town down to a street, public space or even a single building. Urban design is concerned not just with appearances and built form but with the environmental, economic, social and culturalconsequences of design.

It is an approach that draws together many different sectors and professions, and it includes both the process of decision-making as well asthe outcomes of design.

The Seven C’s

1.

Context

2.

Character

3.

Choice

4.

Connections

5.

Creativity

6.

Custodianship

7.

Collaboration

Comparison of LID and Urban Design Principles

Synergies for LID and Urban Design Approaches

1.

Based on the physical, spatial and planning context

2.

Adopt integrated design

and inter-disciplinary

approaches

3.

Encourage intensification

or clustering of built form

4.

Encourage innovation

through planning flexibility and responsive

design

5.

Adhere to sustainability

models

6.

Provide for multiple objectives

Conflicts to reconcile

1.

Urban grid vs

natural drainage pattern

2.

Urban intensification with potential effects to environmental resources

Reconciling the Urban Grid

1.

Base grids upon topography

2.

Strategic crossings based on travel distance

3.

Flexible rules for carriage width and riparian buffers

4.

Favored connectivity for pedestrians/ bikes

5.

Enhanced stream systems internal to blocks

6.

Pedestrian connections along stormwater systems

7.

Home-zone streets integrated with riparian open space

8.

Landscape connectivity using urban ecology elements

1.

Provide comprehensive planning frameworks for urban form, infrastructure, and natural resources at appropriate representative scales

2.

Disconnect stormwater from reticulated systems and redirect to LID treatments that are appropriate for the urban typology

3.

Provide for urban ecology responses

4.

Design environmental adaptations for urban effects

Reconciling Urban Intensification & Effects on the Environment

• Perceived Values for Stormwater

• International Best Practice

• Auckland Region



3. Methodologies -

“The Toolkit”


Perceived Values of Stormwater

Adaption of the Hydro-social contract (Brown, Keith and Wong 2008)

• Low impact Design (LID) in the US

• Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) in the UK

• Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) in Australia

International Best Practice

•

Integration of ‘four waters’

•

Water harvesting

•

Public-Private partnerships

•

Micro-grading and soil conservation

•

Regional Perspectives

•

Integration of stormwater with architecture

•

Celebration and interpretation of stormwater in urban spaces

•

“Living Streets”

International Best Practice

“Living Streets”

Auckland Region

A review of planning provisions within the region revealed:

• Stormwater integration in structure planning

• LID practice within design codes

• Water values introduced for urban vision documents

• The beginning of formalised inter-departmental discussion

Auckland Region

Generally the review identified the opportunity for:

•

Further integration of LID and Urban Design policy directives

•

Comprehensive planning frameworks at complementary and representative scales

•

Selective approaches to LID and UD across representative urban and environmental typologies



3. Methodologies -

“The Toolkit”


Integrated Design Response

Regional or Municipal Scale

Catchment orNeighbourhood Scale

Block or Site Scale

Comprehensive Planning Framework

“The right thing in the right place.”Bruce McKenzie (2009)

1.

Comprehensive planning framework based on scale-specific assessment and analysis

2.

Integrated design responses based on urban and environmental transitions

Regional Scale –


Based on Royal Commission Report for Auckland Governance

Regional Scale –


Catchment Scale –


Catchment Scale –


UPPER

LOWER

MIDDLE

Block Scale –


Based on ARC TR – Application of LID to Brownfields

Block Scale –


1.

The TR ‘The integration of LID and Urban Design’

informs the review of TP124 in the following ways:

2.

Additional Recommendations include:

TP 124 Review

•

Investigate methods to reconcile the urban grid and natural drainage patterns

•

Promote streets as multi-purpose infrastructure and open space

•

Emphasize disconnection from reticulated systems

•

Explore architectural responses to stormwater

•

Inform policy for integrated planning and design approaches

•

Synergy between the principles of LID and urban design

•

Methodology for integrated planning and design

the integration of lid and urban design

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