Vertebrate Animals

Vertebrate AnimalsThe inside storyWarm Up Feb. 12What is a vertebrate?Give two groups of vertebrates.Warm UpWhat did they bet on?How much did they bet?What was the name of the raccoon?Warm upDescribe what happened in the last chapter.Who did Billy meet at his grandfathers store?Describe them.Warm upDescribe what happened on the hunt.How did the raccoon trick them?VocabularyChordataVertebrataFishes AgnathaPhylum Chordata [L cord]ALL CHORDATES HAVE THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS FOR AT LEAST PART OF THEIR LIFE CYCLE!!NotochordDorsal nerve cordPharyngeal gill slits (pouches)Postanal tailSegmented musclesBell workWhat is a vertebrate?Give an example of 3 vertebrates.Subphylum Vertebrata43,700 speciesvertebral column2 pairs of appendagesBrain enclosed in skullEffective means of O2 exchangeHigh degree of cephalization

[L. vertebrata backboned]Positional Terms

AnteriorPosteriorDorsalVentral

FishesMORE SPECIES OF FISHES THAN ALL OTHER VERTEBRATES TOGETHER!!!!Generally, aquatic (marine) gill breathing vertebrates Usually have fins & scalesSingle loop circulatory systemClass Agnatha

Class Chondrichthyes

Class Osteichthyes

Class Agnatha Jawless fishCartilage skeletonSoft, scaleless, cylindrical bodyMedial finSingle nostrilExotherm (ectotherm)Reproduce sexually by spawning

Lampreys: filter feeders or parasites

Hagfish

NO PAIRED APPENDAGES[Gk. a = without + gnathos = jaw]

Lamprey Diagram

Bell Work Feb. 14What are two examples of jawless fish?What are the three classes of fish?What class do jawless fish fall under?

Class Chondrichthyes

[Gk. chondos = cartilage + ichthyes = fish] Skeleton of cartilage Paired lateral fins Ventral mouthEpidermal placoid scales Teeth modified scales NO swim bladder \ must swim or sink & die Well developed senses e.g. sharks, skates & rays SharksTeeth in 6-20 rows (modified placoid scales)Well developed senses: Sense electric currents even from muscular movement Sense pressure of passing organism (lateral line) Sense of smell ( 1 drop of blood in 25 gallons of H2O)Largest sharks are filter feeders NOT predators

Skates & RaysExtended pectoral finsElectric rays stunned prey with electrical shocks ( up to 300 volts)Sawfish ray captures prey or kills fish with anterior saw structure

VocabOsteichthyesWarm Up Feb. 17What class do sharks fall under?What else is found in that class?What are two adaptations of sharks?

Class OsteichthyesSkeleton of boneFan shaped fins supported by thin, bony raysGills Paired fins Swim bladderLateral lineFeeding varies:Herring filter feedersPiranha predatorsTrout - opportunist

Gk. osteon = bone + ichthyes = fishes

vertebraeSwim bladderGillsLateral lineOsteichthyes Internal StructuresBell Work Feb. 18What does osteichthyes mean?What are two examples of osteichthyes?What do they have that chondrichthyes does not?

VocabularyAmphibiaAnuraTetrapodsEctotherms

Class AmphibiaQuasiterrestrialAquatic larva terrestrial adultBony endoskeletonTetrapods [Gk = 4 feet]NO NAILS or CLAWSSmooth moist skin (many glands) NO ScalesEctotherms (Exotherms)4 orders (4200 species)

[Gk amphi = double + bios = life]Bell Work Feb. 20What are two characteristics of all amphibians?What does amphibian mean??What organisms fall under caudauta?

Order Caudata[L. cauda = tail] Elongated body with head, trunk & tail 2 pairs of even limbs @ right angles to the bodyCarnivorous eat small invertebrates i.e. insects, slugs, etc. Reproduce sexually internal fertilization; lay eggs in H2O Completely dependent on H2O for reproduction e.g. newts, salamanders, mud puppies

Order Anura[Gk. a/an = no + L. uro = tail] Body with fused head & thorax 2 pairs of uneven limbsNO TAIL Large mouth NO RIBS! Aquatic larva with gills Adults are largely terrestrial

Frog Characteristics:Long legsSlender bodiesThin, smooth skinFrequently aquaticToad Characteristics:Short legsStout bodiesThick, bumpy skinUsually terrestrial

Bell workWhat are the two orders of amphibians?What does amphibian mean?What does caudata mean?

Class ReptiliaThick, dry, scaly skinLungs with rib cageUsually tetrapodsSensitive sense organsFully terrestrial lifeEctotherms Sexual reproduction aminotic (terrestrial) eggs3 orders

[L. repto = to creep, crawl]Warm Up Feb. 21What are two differences between toads and frogs?What are the three classes of fish?Where do amphibians live as babies?Order SquamataLizardsSnakes4 clawed feetCarnivores insects, smaller lizardsLong, sticky tongue Some have ability to change colorMost terrestrial, a few marineNO LEGS Carnivores jaw unhingesJacobson organ for analysis of chemicalsMOST NONVENOMOUSPoisonous snakes include:RattlesnakesCopperheadsCoral snakesCobras

[L. squama = scale] 6000 species in 2 sub orders lizards & snakes

Bell Work Feb. 24What is an example of order chelonian?What are two differences between lizards and snakes?What order do lizards and snakes fall under?Warm up Feb. 25What are two examples of crocodilians?What are two defenses of crocodilians?Give an example of chelonia and squamata.

Order CheloniaHeavy carapace with ribs & thoraic vertebra attachedSharp beak (no teeth)Turtles spend time in or near waterTortoises are fully terrestrial[Gk chelone = turtle]Includes: turtles & tortoises

Order Crocodilia[L. crocodilus = lizard] Most are aquatic or semi-aquatic; a few are marine Strong tails used for swimming & defense Kill prey by drowning Large powerful jaws with numerous teeth Feed largely on turtles, fish & any terrestrial creature that gets too close Males bellow Male in some species protect eggs & young e.g. alligators, crocodiles, caiman & gharial

Bell Work Feb. 26What are three examples of aves?What is an adaptation that makes flight possible for birds?What is incubation?

Warm UpWhat are two characteristics of a mammal?Give an example?What are two similarities between birds and reptiles?VocabularyAvesEndothermIncubation

Class Aves

[L. avis = bird]ENDOTHERMSHave feathersContour feathers Down feathersHigh metabolism For flightFor endothermyBeak no teethFeet with scales Feet adapted for functionForelimbs modified into wingsLight weight bonesVestigial tailReproduction internal;lay amniotic eggsHARDWIRED will imprint!

IncubationWhen a bird sits on the eggs in order to keep them warm.

Warm Up Feb. 272 things wings are used for?The adaptations birds have to fly.2 examples of birds that do not fly.Birds have adaptations that allow them to survive inmany environments. Many of the features and behaviors of birds relate to flight.

Catching Food

Escaping PredatorsBell Work Feb. 28What are three different types of beaks and their function?What are two characteristics of a mammal?VocabularyMammaliaMonotremataMarsupialiaClass Mammalia[L. mamma = breast] Only 4800 species Endotherm Hair covering body Nourish young with milk Skin with glands sweat, scent, sebaceous (oil) & mammary Teeth in both jaws (usually) Movable eyelids Fleshy external ears Most have four limbs 4 chambered heart Respiratory system with lungs & voice box Muscular diaphragm separating thoracic & abdominal cavity Internal fertilization & usually internal development Highly developed brain Double loop circulation with 4 chambered heart

Orders of MammalsOrder Monotremata[Gk. mono = one +trema = hole] a cloacaLay eggsMale & female nurse young e.g. Duckbill playtpus& Spiny anteater (echidna)Order Marsupialia[Gk. marsupium = pouch]Bear very immature youngStay in pouch & nursee. g. kangaroo, koala, wallaby, opossum, possum

Bell Work March 3What are two characteristics of Monotremata?What are two examples of Marsupialia?What are two characteristics of mammalian?

VocabularyEdentataLagomorphaRodentiaInsectovoriaCarnivoraPinnipedia

Placental MammalsOrder Edentata[L. to render toothless]Have 4 identical youngMolars, no or few incisorse.g. Armadillo &Giant anteater Order Lagomorpha[Gk lago = hare + morph = form]Long continuously growing central incisorsSmall animals with large ears.e.g. rabbits, hares, pika

Placental MammalsOrder Rodentia[L. rodens = gnawing]Enlarged central incisors(continuously growing)Some omnivorous, others insectivorouse.g. mice, rats, beavers, gophers, squirrelsNB Largest order of mammals

Order Insectivora[L. vorare = to devour]Eat insectsBurrow in the groundHigh metabolisme.g. moles, shrews, hedgehogs

Bell Work Mar. 4What are two characteristics of carnivores?What are two example of edentata?What does L. rodens (rodentia) actually mean?Warm Up Mar. 5What are two characteristics of primates?Which order has hand wings?What order do dolphins fall under?Warm up mar. 6What are the three orders of fish and an example of each?What are three characteristics that all mammals possess?What are two types of amphibians?

Placental MammalsOrder Carnivora[L. carne = meat, flesh]270 speciesLimbs adapted for runningWell developed sense of smellCanines large & conicalSharp clawse.g. dogs, cats, wolves, bears, raccoons & skunksOrder Pinnipedia[L. pinnapes = winged feet]Aquatic carnivoresFront limbs modified into flipperse.g. seals, walruses

Placental MammalsOrder Chiroptera[Gk. cheir = hand + pteron = wing]Nocturnal Use echolocation to locate preySome eat birds, fish, frogs & plantsForelimb modified into wingsChiropters or bats

Order Cetacea [L. cetus = large sea animal] Lack hair or fur Forelimbs are flippers NO HIND LIMBS e.g. dolphin, whales, porpoise Largest mammal blue whale (a filter feeder)

Placental MammalsOrder Proboscidea[L. proboscis + to feed before]2 species: Indian & Africane.g. elephants

Order Sirenia[L. siren = mythical sea creature]Aquatic or marinee.g. manatee, sea cow

Order UngulataSuborder PerrisodactylaSuborder Artiodactyla[Gk. odd-toed]17 speciesHerbivorous, grinding teethOne or three toes under hoofe.g. horses, zebras, rhinoceros, tapirs[L. ungula = hoof]

[Gk. even-toed] 185 species Herbivorous, grinding teeth Two toes in hoof e.g. swine, cattle, deer, hippopotamus, camels, giraffes. buffaloes

Order Primates[L. primus = first] 180 species Ability to walk upright Freely movable head Many arboreal, fruit eatersOpposable thumb (some have opposable big toe Known for WELL developed brains e.g. monkeys, gorillas, orangutans, chimpanzees, lemurs gibbons, & human beings.

58Thank you for your time & attention