the inner planets the four planets that are closest to the sun are called the inner planets. they...
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THE INNER PLANETS• The four planets that are closest to the sun are
called the inner planets.
• They are all small and rocky.
• They are sometimes called the terrestrial planets.
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The inner planets: note the spin and axis angles of each planet
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Earth• The Earth has an atmosphere that extends for
about 100 kilometers.
• It is 20% oxygen,78% nitrogen and a few other gases.
• 70% of the surface is covered with water.
• Earth has three main layers, a crust, a mantle, and a core.
• The crust is the hard rocky surface.
• The mantle is under the crust and is made of liquid rock.
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The Earth as seen from the
moon
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The Earth
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The inner core is most likely solid iron and nickel.
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• MERCURY
• Mercury is closest to the sun.
• It has no moons.
• It is a little larger than our moon.
• The surface has many flat plain-like areas and craters.
• It has a very thin atmosphere of sodium and other gases.
• Since it has little atmosphere and is so close to the sun its temperatures range from 450º C to -170º C.
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The evening sky
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Mercury up close
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Mercury, really close
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VENUS• Venus is about the size and in many ways the
same structure as Earth.
• There are, however, many ways in which it differs.
• It takes Venus 7.5 Earth-months to revolve around the sun.
• It takes Venus 8 Earth-months to rotate on its axis. On Venus a day is longer than a year.
• Venus also rotates in a direction that is opposite of all the other planets. That is called retrograde rotation.
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• Venus’ atmosphere is very thick. Every day is cloudy.
• The atmosphere is 90 times greater than ours. If you were on the surface you would be crushed.
• The atmosphere is almost all carbon dioxide with some sulfuric acid as well. A human could not survive.
• The carbon dioxide traps the sun’s energy so the temperature gets up to 460ºC and stays there.
• That is called the greenhouse effect.
• Venus is mostly rock with volcanoes and lava flow.
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Venus: shrouded with clouds composed of sulfuric acid
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Radar can see
through the clouds
to the surface of
Venus
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Venus rotates “backward” compared to the other inner planets. Note other differences between the planets’ motions.
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MARS• Mars is called the red planet because it has an
iron oxide surface that is red.
• It has a very thin atmosphere that is mostly carbon dioxide.
• There is some solid water at the north pole of Mars. This is covered with solid carbon dioxide in the winter.
• Mars is tilted on its axis so it has seasons. During the change of seasons many dust storms exist.
• Mars has two very small moons called Phobos and Deimos.
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