The Initiative for aA United Nations

Emergency Peace Service

An overview of the proposal & global movement to address our five big

challenges in preventing and managing armed conflict

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Challenges Leading to Crisis

1. Preventing genocide & crimes against humanity

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Challenges leading to crisis:

2. Preventing armed conflict

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3. Protecting civilians at risk

Challenges leading to crisis:

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4. Prompt start-up of peace operations

Challenges leading to crisis:

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5. Addressing human needs in emergencies

Challenges leading to crisis:

A United Nations Emergency Peace Service

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What is Proposed as a UN Emergency Peace Service?

A permanent UN formation

A ‘first responder’ available immediately

Requires authorization by the UN Security Council

Multidimensional and multifunctional service

Military, police and civilian elements

Prepared for rapid deployment to diverse crisis

Pre-trained, well-equipped 16,000 personnel

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What is Proposed as a UN Emergency Peace Service?

(Structure)

Co-located at a new UN base

Static operational headquarters

Two mobile field headquarters

Integrated, modular formation

Robust security

Civilian police

Skills and services to address human needs

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Office ofOffice ofSRSGSRSG

Pers 3 MIL, 2 POL,10 CIV.-Senior MILAD, POLAD & CIVAD-Policy & Legal

EMC LiaisonEMC LiaisonCell: DPA, DPKO, OCHA,UNHCR, Field Log & National Support

SUPPORTSUPPORT

Pers 50 MIL, 10 POL&CIV Pers 100 MIL, 1500CIV-Contingency Move -Administration Planning -Personnel-Staging -Housing-Mission Support -Finance-Rotation/Augmentation -Host Nation Support Planning-Airlift/Sealift Contracting-Deployable Movement Support Teams

Deployment Cell

Base Support & Infrastructure

OPERATIONSOPERATIONS

Pers 100 MIL Pers 25 POL Pers 25 CIV -Contingency -Contingency -Contingency Planning Planning Planning -Operations -Operations -Operations -Training -Training -Training -Logistics -Personnel -Personnel -Personnel -Legal Advisors -Advisors

[Joint 24/7 OPS Cell]

MilitaryStaff

CIVPOLStaff

CivilianStaff

TRAININGTRAINING

Pers 5 MIL, 2 POL., 2 CIV Pers 10 MIL, 2 POL, 2 CIV Pers 4 MIL, 2 POL, 4 CIV -Ongoing Development of -Set & Assess Standards -Long-Term Planning Doctrine -Course & Curricula -Lessons Learned -SOPS Development -Multidisciplinary -ROE Options -Training & Exercises Think Tank -Interoperability

Doctrine Training Standards

Research &Analysis

Military Police Civilian

Annex A

Operational Level

UN Emergency Peace Service

Permanent Operational Level

Headquarters and Base

Personnel:

270 MIL

40 POL

1540 CIV

SRSGSRSG

DEPLOYABLE ELEMENTSDEPLOYABLE ELEMENTS

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Mission HQ (Tactical) Civilian Police

Companies

Disaster Relief &Humanitarian

Assistance Team

Human RightsMonitors & Educators

Conflict Resolution Teams

Peacebuilding Advisory Teams

DDDRRR team

Environmental Crisis Response

Team

Medical Teams

Public Affairs

Technical Recce Unit

Light Armoured

RecceUnit

Motorized Light Infantry

Battalion

Amoured (Wheeled)

Infantry Battalion

Helicopter Squardron

Engineer Battalion

Medical Unit

MIL-450 Pers

2 flights of 8 utility Helis

1 flight of 3 Heavy Lift Helis

1 flight of Armed Scout Helis

MIL- 2 x 600 Pers

MIL- 2 x 600 Pers

MIL- 4 x 50 Pers

Augmented by CIV

MIL-500 Pers

-3 Field Squadrons

-3 Support Troops

MIL-400 Pers

-Forward Surgical Teams

POL- 3 x 125 Per

CIV- 2 x 30 Per

CIV- 2 x 10 Per

CIV – 2 x 10 Pers

CIV- 2 x 10 Pers

CIV- 10 Pers

CIV- 10 Pers

CIV- 100 Pers

CIV- 2 x 10 Pers

Civilian PoliceCompanies

Civilian PoliceCompanies

Mission HQ(Tactical)

Technical Recce Unit

Technical Recce Unit

Light Armoured

RecceUnit

Motorized Light Infantry

Battalion

Amoured (Wheeled)

Infantry Battalion

Disaster Relief &Humanitarian

Assistance Team

Human RightsMonitors & Educators

Conflict Resolution Teams

Public Affairs

Annex B. Composition of Deployable ElementsDeployable Elements for a UN Emergency Peace ServiceUN Emergency Peace Service(assume 2 MHQ with 2 complete formations)

(assigned to UN Base under a Static Operational HQ and 2 Missions HQs)Total Personnel in Each: MIL 5000, CIV 304, POL 400

MSN HQ Includes:Military, Police and Civilian StaffPolitical and Legal AdviceTranslation/Comms/Signals/Intell.Defense & Security PlatoonNGO Liaison Team

Deputy/SRSG

Military&Police Commander

MIL-1 x 250 Pers

CIV-1 x 20 Pers

POL- 1 x 20 Pers

Technical Recce Unit

Logistics Battalion

MIL- 2 x 150 Pers

MIL- 1 x 500 Pers

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A ‘UN 911’ designed to be:

• A complement to existing arrangements (UN, national, and regional)

• A ‘lead service’ or ‘first-responder’

• Deployable within 48 hrs, sustainable for 6 months

• Competent in diverse emergencies

• A cost-effective investment for ‘we the people’ and the international community

UNEPS Key Components

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Criteria for Deployment(short list)

• An emergency or complex emergency only;• Authorization from the UN Security Council;• A clear & viable mandate with appropriate

ROE & SOFAs;• A reasonable expectation of success;• A high probability of augmentation, prompt

arrangements for extraction after six months, with (or without) rotation & sufficient support.

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UNEPS is for Emergencies onlyDefinitions of an ‘emergency’:• a serious situation that happens unexpectedly and demands

immediate action. • a sudden, volatile crisis, with an urgent need for action or

assistance.

Definition of a “complex emergency”:• A crisis typically characterized by: extensive violence and loss

of life; massive displacements of people; widespread damage to societies and economies; the need for large-scale, multi-faceted humanitarian assistance; the hindrance or prevention of humanitarian assistance by political and military constraints; and, significant security risks for humanitarian relief workers in some areas.”

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Additional Criteria (for Deployment of UNEPS)

• there must be a just cause;

• intervention must be undertaken with a right in tention;

• it should occur only when there is an immediate, evident threat (of armed conflict or gross violations of international humanitarian and human rights law);

• the means employed must be proportional to and consistent with the ends sought; and (6) there needs to be a reasonable prospect of success.

• N.B. For UNEPS to work rapidly, the fourth criteria from the report of the ICISS, stipulating intervention should only arise as a last resort, once all other options were exhausted must be modestly revised to account for emergencies.

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Merit and professionalism

Universal representation

Gender equitable representation

Not national/political affiliation

Contracted and assigned

Extensive preparation/training

Reliability, readiness, dedication

Flexibility in managing diverse assignments

Paid, full-time (UN Civil Servant)

Recruitment & Personnel Selection

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Recruitment: Is This Really Credible or Any Improvement?

As noted in the 1995 Canadian report, Towards A Rapid Reaction Capability For The United Nations:

“As professional volunteers develop into a cohesive UN force, they can assume responsibility for some of the riskier operations mandated by the Council, but for which troop contributors have been hesitant to contribute.

UN volunteers offer the best prospect of a completely reliable, well-trained rapid reaction capability.

Without the need to consult national authorities, the UN could cut response time significantly, and volunteers could be deployed within hours of a Security Council decision…

No matter how difficult this goal now seems, it deserves continued study, with a clear process for assessing its feasibility over the long term.”

... “No matter how difficult this goal now seems, it deserves continued study, with a clear process for assessing its feasibility over the long term.”

... “No matter how difficult this goal now seems, it deserves continued study, with a clear process for assessing its feasibility over the long term.”

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Process for Recruitment

• Similar to all UN civil-servants;• Specific positions would be advertised world-wide;• Individuals submit an application, including their

resume and credentials for specific skills, training and experience for employment within UNEPS;

• A specific UN recruitment team would be developed to: review applications, verify qualifications, interview, screen, test and assess competence, as well as dedication prior to selecting any for employment in UNEPS.

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Why this Model for UNEPS?

• Alleviates pressure on national governments

• Builds on and beyond the existing UN foundation to complement UN and regional arrangements

• Universal composition to ensure universal legitimacy

• Advanced training, equipment and standards to ensure cohesive sophisticated service

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• Corresponds to requirements of UN missions

• Provides useful incentives to address human needs

• Assures services to restore law and order

• Maintains robust disincentives to dissuade or deter and repel further violence

• Ensures a more rapid, reliable, effective response when the need is imminent

Why this Model for UNEPS?

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• Provides a dedicated, ‘lead service’; a ‘first responder’ for the critical, initial 4-6 months of complex peace operations.

• Functions until replacement/rotation needed and secured from multinational contingents

• Provides a modular formation that can be tailored

• Cost-effective and a sound investment for saving lives and money

Why this Model for UNEPS?

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1. Number of armed conflicts and war crimes

2. Massive suffering and violent deaths

3. Size, duration and number of peacekeeping operations

4. Pressure on national governments and national armed

forces to contribute in the high-risk, critical start-up

phase of operations

5. High costs associated with violent conflict and post

conflict reconstruction

UNEPS would Help Reduce:

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Applicability If available, where & when?

• Rwanda• Srebrenica• East Timor• Haiti• Sierra Leone• The Democratic Republic of the Congo• Darfur• Cote D’Ivoire• Libya

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ApplicabilityWhere now or soon?

We don’t know, but it’s conceivable that such a need will arise within:

• Libya• Bahrain• The Sudan and Darfur• The Democratic Republic of the Congo• Somalia• Myanmar

With accelerated climate change leading to flooding, there is the prospect of vast desperation and massive refugee flows into weak states. It is now difficult to ignore the probability of a higher incidence of armed conflict. We are not prepared!

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Any wider potential?

Possibly, an ‘over-the-horizon security guarantor’ to initiate a much-needed process to facilitate:

• Wider disarmament

• Wider development

• Wider efforts at environmental protection

• Global Human Security

How?

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Any Wider Potential? Yes!

“There is an inseparable relationship between the scaling down of national armaments on the one hand and the building up of international peacekeeping machinery and institutions on the other. Nations are unlikely to shed their means of self-protection in the absence of alternative ways to safeguard their legitimate interests. This can only be achieved through the progressive strengthening of international institutions under the United Nations and by creating a United Nations Peace Force to enforce the peace as the disarmament process proceeds.” U.S. State Department, "Freedom From War", 1961

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To date, representatives of diverse sectors in the South and North agreed that:

Concept is far more appealing

Case is more compelling

Model is more appropriate

UNEPS has more potential

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UNEPS Research

There is a need for further work to:

• identify and elaborate upon the various requirements at the political, strategic, operational and tactical level;

• provide detail on the projected start-up costs, as well as annual recurring costs and deployment costs of a UNEPS;

• develop a coherent strategic plan.

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The UNEPS Initiative(Global Coalition Building)

Insufficient leadership, support & funding

There is a need to:

• Ensure a more inclusive process;

• Expand global educational outreach; &

• Build networks among civil society and member states.

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Attract and mobilize people organizations governments

Support partnerships global network

UNEPS Potential

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Objectives for 2011

• Educational outreach;

• Ongoing research to detail requirements;

• Generate constituency world-wide at all levels;

• Be prepared for a favorable moment soon.

Ideas don’t work unless we do!Together, we might make a difference…

Your Thoughts & Questions?

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Special thanks for permission to use photos is extended to:

The United Nations

Human Rights Watch

Genocide Watch

Presentation created by:

Dr. H. Peter Langille, Global Common Security.org

Robbyn Evans, rae Communications.com

Credits