the industrial revolution. why britain? new farming methods new crops stock breeding more food =...
TRANSCRIPT
The Industrial Revolution
Why Britain?• new farming methods • new crops• stock breeding
• more food = lower prices
• lower prices = extra money
• extra money = charter co. & joint stock co. = capital
• political stability• natural resources• strong navy & colonial markets
On the Continent
• Lagged behind Britain b/c of the Napoleonic Wars
• Bel., FR, & German states eventually industrialized
• primarily in mining & metallurgy
• combined new machinery w/ cottage industry
Early Inventions• Flying Shuttle
(c. 1733 – John Kay)
• Spinning Jenny
(c. 1750 – James Hargreave)
• Water Frame
(c. 1771 – R. Arkwright)
Textile MachinesNew Textile
MachinesCheap Goods
IncreasedConsumerism
Steam EngineIron Industry
Coal Industry
Transportation Industry:
RR’s & Steam Ships
Commuting
Goods to Market
Steam Engine
Railroads on the Continent – c.1850Railroads on the Continent – c.1850
RamificationsIndustrial Middle Class• landed aristocracy tied to manufacturers; investors• Reform Act of 1832
Industrial Working Class• Luddites• trade unions• Chartists
Urbanization• problems• Chadwick’s Poor Law com.
Factory Act of 1833
Thomas Malthus & David RicardoThomas Malthus & David RicardoThomas Malthus & David RicardoThomas Malthus & David Ricardo
Population Growth & “Iron Population Growth & “Iron Law of Wages”Law of Wages”
•When wages are high,When wages are high,workers have moreworkers have morechildren.children.
•More children create aMore children create alarge labor surplus thatlarge labor surplus thatdepresses wages.depresses wages.
Child Labor in the MinesChild Labor in the Mines
Child “hurriers”
Working Class Housing - ManchesterWorking Class Housing - Manchester