the industrial revolution. the invention revolution 1800---41 patents were approved 1860----4357...
TRANSCRIPT
The Industrial Revolution
The Invention Revolution
1800---41 patents were approved1860----4357 patents were approved
Vocab Urban-cities (factories) Rural-country (farms) Agriculture-farming Commerce-buying and selling of goods Textiles-Cloth Cash Crop-primary crop being sold Free Enterprise System-a type of
economy in which people are free to buy, sell, and produce whatever they want
Anything new is quickly introduced here, including all of the latest inventions. There is no clinging to the old ways. The moment an American hears the word “invention”, their ears perk up.
Friedrich List (German visitor)
Free Enterprise System Property and business are owned by
individuals The desire to make a profit motivates people Individuals, not the government, decide what
to buy and what to manufacture and sell Competition encourages businesses to
improve goods and services and to keep prices down
The government protects private property and makes sure businesses operate fairly
Bottom line: The people, not the government, are in control
Eli Whitney's Cotton gin
Allowed MUCH more cotton to be cleaned and processed daily
Created an increased need for slaves and fieldworkers to process the cotton
Eli Whitney's Interchangeable Parts Made production much easier, quicker,
productive, and cheaper Often done by machine Contributed to the growth of mass
production in manufacturing
John Deere and the Steel Plow Made plowing much easier and faster
Cyrus McCormick's Mechanical Reaper Greatly increased farm production
Samuel Morse’s Telegraph Improved communication-reducing the time
need for reflection and decision making
James Hargreaves’ Spinning Jenny
Spun thread into cloth
Elias Howe’s Sewing Machine Allowed cloth to be made into clothes quickly
Samuel Slater---Father of the factory system Mass production of textiles for making
clothing and other goods using steam engines
Increased demand for factory workers
Lowell Mills
Factory Working Conditions Long hours Tedious tasks Dangerous Often used children
The TransportationThe TransportationRevolutionRevolution
First turnpike
1790--Lancaster PA
Conestoga Covered Wagons
Erie Canal System
Begun in 1817, completed in 1825
Principal canal routes---1840
Steamboat—Robert Fulton 1807 Clermont
Clipper Ships
The Iron Horse
1830—13 Miles of track 1850—9000 miles of track 1860—31,000 miles of track
The Transcontinental Railroad Connected the
Eastern U.S. to the Western U.S.
The majority of the Central Pacific workers were Chinese immigrants
The majority of the Union Pacific workers were Irish immigrants
The Gadsden Purchase The U.S. purchased a strip of land from
Mexico in 1853 in order to finish the Transcontinental Railroad
Northern Economy
Factories, Mills, Textiles The factory system brought workers and
machines together under one roof Most were built near a water source to
power the machines People left farms and crowded into cities Supported high tariffs
Southern Economy
Agricultural (farming) The cotton gin increased the need for
cheap slave labor Before the cotton gin a worker could
only clean about one pound of cotton per day. With the cotton gin one worker could now clean about 50 pounds of cotton per day
Opposed high tariffs
Immigration
Many Irish and German immigrants came to the United States in the mid-nineteenth century to escape a famine caused by a potato crop failure
Effects of the Industrial Revolution People moving to the cities in the
U.S. in the mid-1800s to find better paying jobs led to increased urbanization.
The construction of roads, canals, and railroads also played a role in rapid industrialization and urbanization in the 19th century.
Effects of the Industrial Revolution With many people in the north working in
factories they became dependent on the south for food
With the increase in demand for food the farmers in the south became dependent on the north for manufactured goods
Created a working-class Inexpensive goods Child labor Economic growth
Effects
Pollution Increase in slavery Labor unions Improved transportation and
communication Because of standardized parts and
machine tools, fewer skills were needed of workers