The Industrial The Industrial Revolution – Part IRevolution – Part I

Background InfoBackground Info After the French and After the French and

American revolutions, a American revolutions, a social revolution took social revolution took place in England place in England (Britain)(Britain)

The The Industrial Industrial RevolutionRevolution was a was a social revolutionsocial revolution because it because it changedchanged the the way people livedway people lived

Started in Britain and Started in Britain and slowly spread to the slowly spread to the rest of Europe and the rest of Europe and the U.S.U.S.

First inventions were First inventions were basic machines used for basic machines used for farming and making farming and making clothes (textiles)clothes (textiles)

The Seed DrillThe Seed Drill

Invented in the early 1700s

The Flying ShuttleThe Flying Shuttle

invented in 1733

The Spinning JennyThe Spinning Jenny

invented in 1764

The Cotton GinThe Cotton Gin

invented in 1793 by Eli Whitney

Why did it Start in Why did it Start in Britain?Britain?

Why did the Why did the Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution begin in Britainbegin in Britain??

1.1. Many Many natural natural resourcesresources to fuel to fuel industrializationindustrialization

2.2. Many people, which Many people, which meant more workersmeant more workers

3.3. Britain had many Britain had many colonies for more colonies for more natural resources natural resources and more workersand more workers

The Industrial Revolution Begins – 2 mins

Factories & Factories & TransportationTransportation

New inventions and New inventions and machines were machines were very large, many of very large, many of them were neededthem were needed

In order to house In order to house large machines (in large machines (in large numbers), large numbers), business owners business owners built the first built the first factoriesfactories

A major invention of the A major invention of the Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution was the was the steam enginesteam engine Burns coal to create Burns coal to create

steam, which powers a steam, which powers a motormotor

Invented by James WattInvented by James Watt Steam ships and the steam Steam ships and the steam

trains were devised for trains were devised for transportation and tradetransportation and trade

The Industrial The Industrial Revolution – Part IIRevolution – Part II

Life before the Industrial Revoltuion

Ch. 5, section 1

Ch. 5, section 1

Britain Leads the WayBritain Leads the Way To increase production, To increase production,

capital capital was needed to was needed to start businesses and start businesses and invest invest in in enterprisesenterprises

Entrepreneurs Entrepreneurs managed and assumed managed and assumed financial risk of starting financial risk of starting a new business a new business

The world’s first major The world’s first major rail line began between rail line began between the cities of Liverpool the cities of Liverpool and Manchesterand Manchester

Social Impact of the Social Impact of the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

Industrialization Industrialization brought rapid brought rapid urbanization urbanization

People moved from People moved from farms to cities due to farms to cities due to changes in farming, changes in farming, population growth population growth and demand for and demand for workersworkers

Small towns around Small towns around coal or iron mines coal or iron mines grew into large citiesgrew into large cities

Factories and Growth of Cities – 2 mins

Reactions and New Ways of Reactions and New Ways of ThinkingThinking

Thinkers tried to Thinkers tried to understand the understand the changes taking placechanges taking place Thomas MalthusThomas Malthus = felt = felt

population would grow population would grow faster than food supply faster than food supply

Jeremy BenthamJeremy Bentham advocated advocated utilitarianism (“the utilitarianism (“the greatest happiness greatest happiness for the greatest for the greatest number” of people)number” of people)

Making IronMaking Iron

The Industrial The Industrial Revolution – Part IIIRevolution – Part III

Changing Attitudes and Changing Attitudes and ValuesValues Three classes emerged Three classes emerged

during the Industrial Rev. during the Industrial Rev. Upper ClassUpper Class = Rich = Rich

business families business families Middle Class = Middle Class = merchantsmerchants Lower ClassLower Class = =

Workers/Peasants Workers/Peasants Middle classMiddle class developed developed

its own values its own values WomenWomen wanted more wanted more

equal treatment in equal treatment in marriage, divorce, marriage, divorce, property laws, suffrageproperty laws, suffrage

Education and schools Education and schools expanded expanded

SocialismSocialism Worker’s lives were hard during the Worker’s lives were hard during the

Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution SocialismSocialism was offered as a was offered as a

response response Says the PEOPLE should own businesses Says the PEOPLE should own businesses

((means of productionmeans of production), not just one ), not just one personperson

Early socialists were called Early socialists were called “Utopians”“Utopians”

Karl MarxKarl Marx German philosopher, turned socialism German philosopher, turned socialism

into into communism communism Said struggle between rich vs. poor Said struggle between rich vs. poor

would lead to a classless societywould lead to a classless society Proletariat (working class) would Proletariat (working class) would

overthrow the bourgeoisie (upper overthrow the bourgeoisie (upper class)class)

Germany forms a Germany forms a social social democracydemocracy, changing from , changing from capitalismcapitalism to to socialismsocialism

Arts & Sciences in the Industrial Arts & Sciences in the Industrial AgeAge

Charles Darwin’s theory of Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution is applied by evolution is applied by others to peopleothers to people

Social Darwinism Social Darwinism says says competition is good, or competition is good, or even some races superior even some races superior to others to others

Romanticism Romanticism emerged as emerged as the dominant writing stylethe dominant writing style Stressed imagination, Stressed imagination,

freedom, emotion freedom, emotion Writers: Writers:

William BlakeWilliam Blake Victor Hugo Victor Hugo Charles Dickens Charles Dickens

Painters (Impressionism) Painters (Impressionism) Monet Monet Van GoghVan Gogh